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Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, and Meat Quality of Tien Yen Chicken Fed on Self-mixed Diets from 13 Weeksof Age to Slaughter

Nguyen Van Duy, Nguyen Dinh Tien, Vu Quynh Huong, Nguyen Thi Nga, Bui Thi Kim Oanh, Vu Dinh Ton

Received: 20-07-2022 / Accepted: 27-03-2023
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different diets on growth performance, carcass yield, and meat quality of Tien Yenhens andcastrated cocks. The control diet (NH) used feed mixed from corn, rice bran and industrial compound feed. Diet 1 (CT1) was formulated from 11 ingredients (corn, soybean meal, barley bran, rice bran, limestone powder (CaCO3),salt,dicalcium phosphate (DCP), mineral premix, methionine, lysine, and threonine). Diet 2 (CT2) comprised of7 ingredients as indicated in CT1except DCP, methionine, lysine, and threonine. The results showed that CT1 and CT2 improved the growth performance by10.26%and4.32%, respectively,for castrated cocks, and by 6.74%and 5.61%, respectively,for hens compared toNH. Using CT1 and CT2 reduced abdominal fatby 53.79%and 44.51%,respectively,for castrated cocks, and by 44.63%and 21.78%, respectively,for hen compared with the control group. Further research should be conductedto decrease the number of days toslaughter and reduce the abdominal fat of Tien Yen broiler.
Factors Affecting Implementation of Reverse Logistics in Businesses: A Literature Review

Han Huyen Huong, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Duong Nga

Received: 12-12-2022 / Accepted: 02-03-2023
In recent years, there have been growing interests from international researchers to study about the topic of reverse logistics, however in Vietnam, there were just few researches related to this issue. Therefore, this study aimedtoreview thefactors affecting reverse logistics implementation of businesses. Those factors are categorized into fourgroups: government -related factors, customers -related factors, social -environmental related factors and firms -related factors. This research helps practitioners working on reverse logistics to find managerial guidelines in making specific decisions.
Effects of Plant Density on Growth and Yield of Sunflower

Dinh Thai Hoang, Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen Viet Long, Vu Ngoc Thang

Received: 30-08-2022 / Accepted: 27-01-2023
The study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of introduced sunflower varieties in the 2021 Spring cropping season at Gia Lam, Hanoi. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block with three replicates for each of the two sunflower varieties, Roshia and Yuyoo 3. Theexperimental plant densities included 83,333, 55,556, and 41,667 plants/ha. The results showed that increasing plant density increased plant height, leaf area index, potential and actual yields but decreased head girth, leaf area, above-ground fresh and dry matter weight, and individual yield. At 83,333 plants/ha plant density, actual yields were highest (3.94 tonnes/ha in Roshia and 3.28 tonnes/ha in Yuyoo 3).
Factors affecting cell Immobilization of Virgibacillus campisalisTT8.5 and applicability of immobilized cells for histamine degradation in traditional fish sauce

Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Nguyen Thi Hong Ly, Pham Thi Diu, Nguyen Thi Hong, Giang Trung Khoa, Tran Thi Lan Huong, Nguyen Thi Lam Doan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Tran Thi Thu Hang, Nguyen Hoang Anh

Received: 24-10-2022 / Accepted: 20-12-2022
The objective of this study was to immobilize Virgibacillus campisalisTT8.5 bacterial cells on a carrier in order to degrade histamine content in traditional fish sauce. Three immobilization techniques, adsorption, encapsulation and crosslinking with nine carriers were used. Factors affecting the immobilization process of bacteria on carrier such as cells/carrier (w/w) ratio, time and temperature of immobilization, salt concentration in buffer solution (%) and stirring speed (rpm) were investigated. The cell immobilization efficiency (%) and the ability to degrade histamine after 2 hours of reaction (%) of Virgibacillus campisalisTT8.5 were evaluated. Results indicate that, the adsorption technique with pig bone as carrier gave the highest immobilization efficiency and histamine degrading ability with 54.18% and 41.30% respectively. Suitable conditions for immobilization of Virgibacillus campisalisTT8.5 cells on pig bone were determined as follows: cell/carrier ratio 1/15 (w/w), stirring speed of 100 rpm, salt concentration of 15%, incubation time of 1 hour at 4C. The fixed bed bioreactor containing immobilized V. campisalisTT8.5 bacterial cells has potential application in histamine degradation in traditional fish sauce with efficiency of 37.1%.
Evaluation of Some Quality Rice Varieties in Thai Binh

Do Thi Huong, Pham Thi Hien, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Dinh, Phan Thi Thuy

Received: 20-07-2022 / Accepted: 21-10-2022
The experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and grain quality of some quality rice varieties in the autumn season 2019 and the spring season 2020 in Dong Hai, Quynh Phu, Thai Binh. The experiments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Six quality rice varieties (VR3, VR4, VT18, HN01, ĐHS15, Thai Thinh) and the control variety Bac Thom 7 (BT7) were evaluated. The results showed that all of rice varieties were early maturing and intermediate in plant height. The highest yield was observed in VNR3 variety (65.0 quintals ha-1) and VNR4 variety (65.6 quintals ha-1) in the autumn season, and in ĐHS15 variety (66.6 quintals ha-1) and Thai Thinh variety (64.4 quintals ha-1) ha) in the spring season. Seven rice varieties had similar husked rice and milled rice percentage in both seasons. However, the milled head rice percentage fluctuated considerably among varieties. All of rice varieties had low amylose content (13.2% to 16.3% in autumn season and 11.9% to 14.0% in spring season), soft gel consistency and intermediate gelatinization temperature. The total eating quality assessment indicated that HN01 variety was ranked good in quality and the rest of the varieties were ranked intermediate in quality. Based on the characteristics evaluated, Thai Thinh variety was considered as a promising rice variety in Thai Binh province.
Studies on Suitable NPK Fertilizer Dosage and N:P:K Ratio for Dien Pomelo (Citrus grandisL.) Growing on Acrisols in Chuong My District, Hanoi City

Ngo Thi Dung, Cao Viet Ha, Vu Thi Xuan, Nguyen Thu Ha

Received: 11-05-2022 / Accepted: 21-10-2022
The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosageand N:P:K ratioof fertilizer for Dien pomeloduring the production cycle on Acrisolsin Chuong Mydistrict, HaNoi. Ten experiments with different formulaswereconducted in2 years on 20-year-old Dien pomelo orchard. The efficiency of fertilizer was determined on the basis yield, quality and economic efficiency. The results showedthat the two formulas withthe highest yield and quality of pomelo were CT4formula(30kg Manure + 0.6kg N + 0.4kg P2O5+ 0.54kg K2O)/tree/year, with NPK ratio of 1:0.65:0.90 and CT6formula(30kg Manure + 0.75kg N + 0.38kg P2O5+ 0.56kg K2O)/tree/year,withNPK ratio of 1:0.50:0.75. The net yield in CT4 formula was28,425 (in 2020)and28,536 (in 2021) fruit/ha and in CT6formulawas28,074 (in 2020)and28,326 (in 2021) fruits/ha (average increase in 2 yearsfor CT4 and CT6 formula was 38.8% and 35.9%, respectively compared to that of the control). CT4 and CT6 formula also gave the best fruit quality with an average fruit height of 11.75cmand11.73cm,and averagefruit diameter of 13.74cm;averagedry matter content of 11.41%and 10.65%;average vitamin Ccontentof 80.0mg%and 73.1mg% and average Brix level of11.15%and 10.93%. In bothyears,2020 and 2021, CT4 yieldedthe highest economic efficiencywiththe averageprofit ofVND427.16 million/ha/year.
Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Female Dogs Infected with Pyometra

Su Thanh Long, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Vu NhuQuan, Trinh Dinh Thau

Received: 03-07-2017 / Accepted: 27-09-2017
Pyometra is a common reproductive disease in female dogs, which negatively affects the reproductive performance and results in high mortality in the case of delayed diagnosis and treatment. In this study, biochemical and the haematological parameters were assessed in healthy and diseased female dogs. The dogs consisted of two groups, group 1 (control) with 10 healthy dogs and group 2 with 10 pyometra-infected dogs. The results revealed that infected dogs showed a decrease in red blood cell count and haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume while white blood cell count (neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte) increased. In addition, the liver enzyme value like GOT, GPT remained constant in both healthy and diseased dogs but the parameters related to kidney function such as urine and creatine production moderately increased..
Salt Tolerance of Rice Varieties at the Germination and Seedling Stages

Vu Thi Xuan Nhuong, Nguyen Thien Minh, Dang Huu Tri, Nguyen Chau Thanh Tung, Huynh Ky, Ngo Thuy Diem Trang

Received: 23-02-2022 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
The study was conducted to evaluate salinity tolerance of four rice varieties, OM5451, IR29, OM18 and MTL316 at germination and seedling stages in four NaCl salinity concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6‰. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in the net house. Irrigation with 4-6‰ salinity solutions (EC = 7.4-10.1mS/cm) reduced germination rate and growth characteristics of four rice varieties at the germination and seedling stages, respectively. The shoot and root fresh weight of salt-treatment derived young seedlings and seedlings of OM5451 reduced less than the other three rice varieties as compared to the control (untreated seedlings). Na+content was accumulated mainly in the shoots. The results indicated that OM5451 had higher salt tolerance than other three rice varieties at both germination and seedling stages.
Development and Selection of Anthocyanin-Rich Fruit Corn Lines

Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Trung Duc, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh, Vu Thi Xuan Binh, Vu Van Liet

Received: 15-11-2021 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
This study aimed to develop and select elite anthocyanin-rich fruit corn lines for hybrid fruit corn breeding which can eat fresh without processing. Two strategies were applied viz, (i) backcross between purple waxy corn and white sweet corn, and (ii) mass selection from F2population crossed between purple waxy corn and yellow sweet corn based on morphological markers such as dark purple color and shrunken kernels. Two superior lines viz, UV10 from the first strategy and TD05 from the second strategy were selected. These lines had thin pericarp (35.2µm in UV10 line and 31.4µm in TD05), high sweetness with Brix of 17.4% in UV10 and 22.5% in TD05, and high anthocyanin content (139.9 mg/100g in UV10, and 136.9 mg/100g in TD05).Anthocyanin-rich fruit corn hybrids could be generated from a cross between purple sweet corn inbred lines and white sweet corn or with yellow sweet corn lines. Purple color in seed coat is a dominant trait and inherited to the F1generation. The marketable yield and quality of the purple sweet corn hybrids were comparable to yellow sweet corn SW1011 and predominated to purple waxy corn Fancy111, indicating the commercial potential.
Estimatingthe Basic Reproductive Number and Vaccine Coverage for African Swine Fever Prevention in Large-scale Fattening Farms

Mai Thi Ngan, Vu Thi Ngoc, Truong Ha Thai

Received: 23-12-2021 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease with a mortality of up to 100%, resulting in high economic losses. In Vietnam, ASF was first reported in February 2019 and quickly spread to all provinces. This study aimed to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0) and developed a dynamic model to explain how ASF spreads in the pig herd during the first epidemic year to suggest vaccine coverage level required to prevent future outbreaks. The outbreak data were collected from 6 large-scale fattening farms within the first wave of ASF outbreaks. Two methods were used to estimate the R0including the Exponential Growth method (EG) and Maximum Likelihood method (ML). The average R0values were estimated at 2.97 (95%CI: 2.44-3.59) and 3.18 (95%CI: 2.52-3.96), respectively. Based on the worst-case scenario, all pigs in a herd would be infected and removed within 50 days. The vaccination rate ranges from 75-94% of pigs in each farm depending on the vaccine effectiveness.
Heterosis, and Combining Ability in Agronomic Traits of Melon Inbred Lines

Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh, Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Thi Xuan Binh, Vu Van Liet, Nguyen Trung Duc

Received: 29-10-2021 / Accepted: 27-05-2022
This study evaluated the correlation, heterosis, and combining ability of ten melon lines using top cross mating design. Ten parental lines, two testers and twenty top cross hybrids with a check variety were evaluated in 2021 Autumn season in the nethouse at Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The result showed that marketable yield had a very strong positive correlation (P ≤0.001) with mean fruit weight (r = 0.998), fruit length (r = 0.772), fruit diameter (r = 0.957), and fruit flesh thickness (r = 0.845). Mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis were observed in yield and yield-related traits while these values were negative for harvesting time. The highest general combining ability (GCA) in yield and mean fruit weight were observed in D17 and D26 lines, and the tester DT16. D20 has the highest GCA value on total soluble solid content. The crosses DT16×D17, DT16×D01, and DT16×D26 had the highest marketable yield. The additive effect plays a larger genetic role in the control of yield traits while the dominant effect plays a larger genetic role in the control of quality traits in melon.
Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Flavobacterium columnare Infecting Grass Carp Cultured in Northern Vietnam

Truong Dinh Hoai, Doan Thi Nhinh, Tran Thi Trinh, Dang Thi Hoa, Nguyen Ngoc Tuan, Kim Van Van

Received: 23-02-2022 / Accepted: 05-04-2022
This study was conducted to identify the pathogen F. columnarefrom diseased grass carp cultured in northern Vietnam and to examine the susceptibility of this bacterium to various common antibiotics used in aquaculture. A total of 103 grass carp samples suspected to be infected with F. columnare were collected and screened from 25 grass carp farms in Ha Noi, Hai Duong and Bac Ninh provinces. The grass carps infected with F. columnareexhibited the symptoms of decayed, white-grey gill filaments, rotten fins, and skin discoloration. From 67 yellow and rhizoid isolates recovered from the collected samples, 25 representative isolates (one per farm) were identified by the phenotypic tests and PCR assays. Grass carps (20-25g) challenged with F. columnareat the dose of 2 ×106 CFU/ml by immersion in 2h resulted in 100% mortality within 48-72 hpi. Theantibiotic test showed that high proportion of F. columnareisolates were susceptible to doxycycline, amoxicillin, florfenicol, and oxytetracycline (92-96%), but resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (44%) and trythromycin (16%). The present study provided necessary information for diagnosing and controlling F. columnarein grass carp.
Technical Efficiency of Sea Duck Farming in the Coastal Area of the Red River Delta

Nguyen Van Tuan, Vu Tien Vuong, To The Nguyen, Nguyen Cong Tiep

Received: 15-06-2021 / Accepted: 01-03-2022
This study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the technical efficiency of duck farming in the coastal area of the Red River Delta.Thestudy appliedthe stochastic production frontierto estimate technical efficiency and usedsurvey data of duck farmers in 3 coastal provinces (Thai Binh, Hai Phong,andNinh Binh). The results showedthat the average economic efficiency in duck production was quite high, at 74.72% for domestic duck farmingand 97.8% for sea duck farming.The factors that hadpositive impact on the economic efficiency of duck farmingincludedage, experience, education, and association activities. We recommend that policymakers canusethe findings from this study to help farmers expanding the scale of sea duck production in the future.
Technical Efficiency of Sea Duck Farming in the Coastal Area of the Red River Delta

Nguyen Van Tuan, Vu Tien Vuong, To The Nguyen, Nguyen Cong Tiep

Received: 15-06-2021 / Accepted: 01-03-2022
This study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the technical efficiency of duck farming in the coastal area of the Red River Delta.Thestudy appliedthe stochastic production frontierto estimate technical efficiency and usedsurvey data of duck farmers in 3 coastal provinces (Thai Binh, Hai Phong,andNinh Binh). The results showedthat the average economic efficiency in duck production was quite high, at 74.72% for domestic duck farmingand 97.8% for sea duck farming.The factors that hadpositive impact on the economic efficiency of duck farmingincludedage, experience, education, and association activities. We recommend that policymakers canusethe findings from this study to help farmers expanding the scale of sea duck production in the future.
Bacillus sp. Isolated from Goose Grass (Eleusine indica) Enhances the Removal Efficiency of Ammonium in Shrimp Aquaculture

Do Quang Trung, Tran Thi Tuyet Thu, Luu The Anh

Received: 03-08-2021 / Accepted: 21-01-2022
Treatment of aquaculture wastewater by biological method is being more attractive to the scientists. This study aimed to screen the salt-tolerant and ammonia-oxidizing Bacillusendophytic bacteria having potential to reduce ammonium levels in shrimp aquaculture wastewater. In this study, eight Bacillusstrains were screened from endophytic bacteria isolated from gooose grass. Among these strains, two strains, MT50 and MT51 showed the highest efficiency for ammonium removal (80.36 and 82.24%, respectively). They optimally grew at pH of 7 and in highly salty condition (4% NaCl). Investigation in laboratory conditions for their ability in improving shrimp aquaculture wastewater showed that both Bacillusstrains had ammonium removal from 72.25 and 78.85% at day 7th. Notably, strain MT50 in combination with unsterilized shrimp-wastewater presented the highest ammonium removal efficiency (79.91%) with 1% cell suspension at day 4th. The results also showed the nitrite and nitrate production in all experiments and these compounds were removed by the selected Bacillusspecies. Results suggested that tưo Bacillussp. isolated might be used as heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification species.
Effect of MyoGand Lif Gene on Economic Traits in Pigs

Do Vo Anh Khoa

Received: 14-07-2012 / Accepted: 20-08-2012
The study was conducted in 33 castrated male pigs of Yorkshirex Landrace crossbredto analyze the association of polymorphisms of myogenin (MyoG) and Leukemia-Inhibitory-Factor (LIF)genes with some economic traits for growth and carcass performance. The genotypes of MyoG were significantly associated with carcass percent, in which pigs with heterozygous genotype AB (76.32±1.30) was superior to the homozygous genotypesBB (72.77±1.30) and AA (69.46±2.91) (P=0.05). In addition, in LIF locus, the association between genotypes and carcass length also showed significant difference (P<0.05), with the highest carcass length occurring in pigs withhomologous genotype BB (78.00±2.84). Therefore, it is suggested that allele “B” in both candidate genes could be used as a SNP-marker to improve carcass performance in pigs.
Isolation and Identification Biochemical Characteristics of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) from pigs in Some Northern Provinces of Vietnam

Huynh Thi My Le, Nguyen Van Giap

Received: 15-04-2013 / Accepted: 15-06-2013
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify biochemichal characteristics of PCV2formpigs with PCVAD in 4 nothern provinces of Vietnam (Hanoi, Hoa Binh, Bac Giang and Hai Duong). Isolation of PCV2 would be a conclusive evidence to confirm the circulation of PCV2 and PCVAD in pigs of Vietnam. 8 of PCV2 were isolated from 38 samples collected from pigs with suspected PCVAD. PCV2 isolates were PCV2b genotype. The result of identification biochemical characteristics of isolated PCV2 shown that PCV2 could multiply in PK15 cell culture from the first or second passage, but no CPE was observed. TCID50of all ranging from 102,7to104,2 /ml.
LandOwnership: International Experiences and Policy Implications for Viet Nam

Do Kim Chung, Luu Van Duy, Le Thi Thu Huong

Received: 16-08-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
This paper provided a critical review of land ownership experiencesfromdifferent countries around the world, analyzedchronological development, identifiedshortcomings and recommended land policy implications for Vietnam. By synthesizing and analyzing diverse secondary data sources, the findings showedthat multi-ownership and single-ownership types of land were existing simultaneously in the land tenure systems around the world.Unsurprisingly, the multi-ownership of land tendedto be more popular and preeminent than the single ownership manner in terms of management, use and conservation of land resources and harmonization of political,socio-economic,and environmental goals. In Vietnam, the core causes of conflicts related to land initiatedfrom of land ownershipand land property rights which are inappropriate to develop a socialist-oriented market economy. Therefore, the study proposedthat Vietnam should shortly consider ‘land use rights’ as property rights to land and fullyadaptand improve a legal mechanism for land market development. In the long term, the Land Law should be renovated by adapting land multi-ownership type to maximizing potential benefits from the land resource and harmonizing politico-socio-economic goals and balancing relations among the state, market, and citizen on land.
Distribution of Larvae and Juveniles of Beloniformes in the Ba Lat Estuary, Northern Vietnam

Ta Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, Pham Thi Ngoc Diem, Nguyen Thi Nga, Tran Duc Hau

Received: 31-05-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
Coastal fisheries play an important role for local residents. The Ba Lat estuary is a significant area for aquatic organism recruitment or serves as nurseries for many fish species. Beloniformes has 275 species of 6 families in the world and 30 species of 3 families in Vietnam. Many species occur in estuarine habitats, even inhabit freshwater, but little is known about their early stages. The present study aims to provide species composition of larvae and juveniles of this order, and examine their distribution in estuary and mangrove forests. From 431 collected specimens, primarily postflexion larvae and juveniles (5.0-174.6 mm body length)during surveys between 2018 and 2020 using a small seine net at 19 stations along the bank water of the Ba Lat estuary of the Red River, the study identified five species of this order (i.e.,Strongylura strongylura, Hyporhamphus limbatus, Hyporhamphus far, Zenarchopterus buffonisandZenarchopterus sp.). This is the first record of early stages of Beloniformes in the Ba Lat estuary, northern Vietnam. Larvae and juveniles of the Beloniformes appeared at all stations (many were distributed at stations with mudy-sand, sandy-mud bottoms and mangrove forests), mainly in the rainy season, at the mean temperature range of 23.1-31.6C and salinity 0.1-12.5‰. They showed different tendencies in distribution patterns indicating that bottom sediments, water temperature, salinity and mangrove forests were important factors related to the distribution of larvae and juveniles of the Beloniformes in the study site. Especially, occurrences of two abundant species, H. limbatus andZ. buffonis, would have been an evidence for the distribution pattern of early stages of the Beloniformes in the Ba Lat estuary.These findings are valuable for conservation, exploitation and culture of species of this order in Vietnam.
Effects of Housing Systems and Crossbreeds on some Welfare Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Han Quang Hanh, Nguyen Thi Xuan

Received: 07-08-2021 / Accepted: 29-10-2021
This study aimed to identify effects of two housing systems and two crossbreeds on welfare quality of broiler chickens. A total of 132 (Ho ×Luong Phuong) chickens and 146 (Choi ×Luong Phuong) chickens were assigned into 4 treatments with 3 replicates by the completely randomized design method, including: Group 1 (Ho ×Luong Phuong chickens kept in outdoor access system with perches provision); Group 2 (Choi ×Luong Phuong chickens kept in the outdoor access system with perches provision); Group 3 (Ho ×Luong Phuong chicken housed indoor without perches); Goup 4 (Choi ×Luong Phuong chickens housed indoor without perches). Welfare parameters related to chickens’ health and behaviours were observed directly by naked eyes and scored according to Welfare Quality (2009) protocol. The outdoor access system with perches provision improved the welfare quality in term of food pad dematitis and plumage cleanness (P<0.05), and stimulated chickens to perform natural behaviours (30-45% ranging outdoor areas, 30-50% roosting on perches at night at 9-13 weeks of age), but no significant difference in the aggressive behaviour was detected. There was no significant effects of crossbreeds on welfare quality of chickens. Producers should adopt the outdoor access system if the ranging areas are available and provide broiler chickens with perches to improve their welfare quality.
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of VCN03 Boars

Trinh Hong Son, Nguyen Que Coi, Dinh Van Chinh

Received: 24-09-2013 / Accepted: 25-11-2013
This study was carried out in Tam Diep pig research stationofThuy Phuong National Pig Research from 2009 to 2013 to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of VCN03 boars between two generations (initialgeneration and first selection (G1)). Growth performance was measured on 205 boars (G0: 114, G1: 91). Carcass characteristics were conducted on 40 boars (G0: 20, G1: 20), meat quality was determined on 36 longissimus dorsimuscle samples (G0: 17, G1: 19). Average daily gain and lean meat percentage of selected boars were higher than those of G0(P<0.05). Average daily gain, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsimuscle thickness and lean meat percentage of G0and G1were 769.51 and 829.60g/day, 10.27 and 9.38mm, 46.84 and 48.80mm, 59.74 and 61.14% respectively. Killing out percentage and carcass yield werenot significantly different between two generations (P>0.05). Killing out percentage and carcass yield of G0and G1were 80.68 and 81.26%, 72.01 and 72.30% respectively. The pH of logissimus dorsimuscle at 45 minutes (6.01 and 6.28 for G0and G1respectively), pH (5.57 and 5.45) and L* (54.39 and 53.76) were in the range corresponding to the normal meat. Average daily gain and lean meat percentage of VCN03 boars after selection were improved without affecting carcass characteristics and meat quality.
Estimating Consumers’ Willingness - to- Pay for Safe Pork Products in Gia Lam District

Le Thanh Ha, Do Quang Giam, Tran Quang Trung

Received: 26-04-2021 / Accepted: 15-06-2021
The study evaluated consumers' willingness to accept prices for safe pork in Gia Lam district by comparing and applying two models (Multinomimal logit regression - MNL and Order logit regression - OLR) to estimate the factors affecting price willingness. Using the Cluster Convenient sampling, the research surveyed 90 consumers about the willingness to accept prices of consumers in Gia Lam district. The willingness to pay for safe pork in Gia Lam district was significant with the large proportion to pay at 20% or 30% higher price than for conventional pork. Both the MNL and OLR models were significant when explaining the willingness to pay for pork in a case study in Gia Lam. According to the estimation results of the MNL model, at the price of 20% compared to conventional pork, we found some statistically significant factors that affected the willingness to pay for pork are age and educational level, income of respondents. At the price of 30% higher than the conventional meat, statistically significant factors were age, belief in food -safety and awareness of health; at a price of 50% higher than conventional pork, statistically significant factors are education, belief in food -safety and awareness of health, gender, age, income, education. The OLR model estimated results showed that variables including gender, age, occupation, income, education, belief in food -safety and awareness of health were statistically significant. Evaluating the predictive accuracy of the two models showed that the MNL model has higher accuracy than the OLR model.
Cadmium Content in Mottled Spinefoot (Siganus fuscescens) and Initial Risk Assessmentto Consumer’s Health at the Coastal Zone in Quang Binh Province

Vo Van Thiep, Tran The Hung, Nguyen Thi Huong Binh

Received: 23-12-2020 / Accepted: 24-02-2021
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of fish species is one of the most serious issues globally, due to fish play an important role in the human diet. The liver, gills, and muscles of Mottled spinefoot from Quang Binh (n = 50 per item) were collected to specify the variations of their cadmium content and assess their hazards towards human consumption. Cadmium content was analyzed by the flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) were established to estimate the human health hazard. The concentration of cadmium tended to accumulate higher in the liver rather than gills and muscles. Although the majority of the cadmium content in the liver (at Quang Phuc, Ba Don and Nhat Le, Dong Hoi) and gills (at Nhan Le) exceeds the threshold limit value by the Ministry of Health, the EDI value in muscles was below the provisional tolerable daily intake and the THQ less than 1. Therefore, there is no potential risk of Cd to the consumer’s health of this species in the Quang Binh coastal area.
Comparing Performances of Server-Centric Java Web Frameworks and Applying at Vnua

Tran Trung Hieu, Pham Quang Dung, Do Thi Nham

Received: 20-07-2020 / Accepted: 23-12-2020
In this study, we compared the performances of two typical frameworks in the server-centric java web framework group, ZK and JSF, towards a usage option. Using a performance test method based on the response time and memory usage criteria, studying simulations, parameter configurations on Jmeter, VisualVM and Java virtual machines were made. The results revealed objective reflection on the performance of the two applications built by each framework. Through the performance test results, we chose ZK, which had a better performance framework than JSF. ZK framework was the applied in practice, building applications that have been put into use at Vietnam National University of Agriculture.
Building a Set of Image Database of Popular Chicken Diseases

Tran Thi Thu Huyen, Phan Thi Thu Hong, Pham Quang Dung, Dang Huu Anh, Luu Phan Thoang

Received: 20-07-2020 / Accepted: 09-12-2020
The frequent occurrence of poultry diseases, such as bird flu, not only causes huge economic losses to farmers but also poses serious threats to human health. Providing diverse and detailed images of some common diseases in chickens is essential in poultry breeding to reduce economic losses while limiting disease outbreaks on a large scale and mitigating the source of infection from avian to humans. Therefore, in this study, we developed a website of images fully and in detail for some common chicken diseases so that the farmers can easily access and automatically look up information about the considered diseases. The images of the diseased chickenscollected from avian experts were synthesized, standardized and organized into a database of chicken disease images. This is the first database of web-based chicken disease imagesthat replaces the existing paper-based data.

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