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Effect of Seed Treatment Techniques on Propagationof Ipuh Akar (Strychnos ignatii Berg.) in Thai Nguyen

Nguyen Minh Tuan, Do Hoang Chung, Ha Duc Manh, Nguyen The Cuong

Received: 04-08-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
The experiment was conducted to evaluate suitable seed treatment technique for propagating ipuh akar, Strychnos ignatiiBerg., by seed. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates and four treatments: Treatment 1 (control-without treatment), treatment 2 (seed treatment by mechanical abrasion), treatment 3 (spraying H2SO450% in 30 seconds), and treatment 4 (seed treatment by incubating in sand). The results showed that seed treatment by incubating in sand gave the highest seed germination rate (98.9%) and transplantation rate (85.6%). Both seed treatment by incubating in sand and seed treatment by mechanical abrasion gave the best result in plant height and leaf number as compared to the control treatment at significant level of P <0.05. This suggested that treatment of seeds by incubating in sand was effective for propagating ipuh akar by seeds.
Effects of Calcium Supplement to Water on Growth, Survival Rate and Productivity of Apple Black Snail (Pila polita)in Nursing Phase

Le Minh Tue, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Ha Thi Hue

Received: 26-09-2023 / Accepted: 12-06-2024
This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of different calcium concentrations on the growth of black apple smail in the nursing phase. The experiments were designed with four treatments and three replicates as follow: treatment 1 with 5mg Ca2+mg/l, treatment 2 with 10mg Ca2+mg/l, treatment 3 with 15mg Ca2+mg/l and the control (0mg Ca2+). The supplement of calcium was practiced every seven days. After 40 days, treatment 2 reached the highest weight, height, and body width with 2.22g; 20.75mm; 17.35mm, respectively, but statictially non-significance between treatments (P >0.05). The survival rate of snails also reached the highest value with treatment 2 at 87.3%, treatment 1 at 82.1%, treatment 3 at 78.3% and the lowest at 0% with control treatment. Similarly, the productivity of black apple snails was recorded the highest in treatment 2 at 4.04 g/m2, treatment 3 at 3.66 g/m2, treatment 1 at 2.02 g/m2and the lowest for the control at 0 g/m2.
Efficacy of Praziquantel Treatment for Two Capsalid Monogeneans Benedenia seriolaeand Neobenedenia girellaeInfecting Amberjack (Seriola dumerili)

Truong Dinh Hoai, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Kim Van Van

Received: 30-08-2018 / Accepted: 03-12-2018
Neobenedenia girellaeand Benedenia seriolaeare the two most common capsalid monogeneans of more than 100 marine fish species distributed worldwide. However, these two parasitic species have similar morphology, making it difficult for farmers to distinguish. Praziquantel is the most common selection for treatment of these two parasites, but outbreaks sometimes occurr after treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of praziquantel to N. girellaeand B. seriolaeon experimentally infected Amberjack for effective control. In this study, eggs and larval development of N. girellaeand B. seriolaewere examined and they were used to infect the experimental fish, Amberjack (Seriola dumerili). The infected fish were then treated with praziquantel at the same dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight/day for three consecutive days. After treatment, the number of live flukes present on the fish was separated usingfreshwater bath containing Aqui-S (1: 1000). The results showed that B. seriolaepost-treatment reduction was 100%, while only 44.6% of N. girellaewere killed post-treatment. This indicates thatpraziquantel is completely effective in controlling B. seriolae, but less effective for N. girellae. The results of this study suggestthat the outbreak occurringpost treatment is probably caused by N. girellae. It is thus necessary to develop a rapid and simple methodto distinguish between B. seriolaeand N. girellaeprior to treatment to achieve the highest efficacy in disease management.
Experimental treatment of intestinal giant cystic disease caused by Thelohanellus kitaueiinfecting Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Nguyen Van Tuyen, Tran Thi Diu, Pham Thi Tham, Doan Thi Nhinh, Kim Van Van, Truong Dinh Hoai

Received: 19-05-2020 / Accepted: 04-09-2020
This study was conducted to determine the effective treatment regimen to mitigate the impact of the disease caused by Thelohanellus kitaueifor common carp. A total of 60 suspected common carp infected T. kitaueifrom 20 cages were collected to confirm the pathogens. Subsequently, the experimental treatments were conducted to treat for those infected fish using four different treatment regimens, including praziquantel, ivermectin, albendazole, and triclabendazole in 3 consecutive days, following with 5 consecutive days using antibiotic (doxycycline at dose of 15 mg/kg fish/day)to treat the lesions in fish intestine for all four treatment regimens. The results revealed that the fish in cages were infected T. kitauei. Infected fish exhibited the lost orientation, enlarged abdomen, and containing many giant cysts in the intestine with the average size is 1.43cm x 1.12cm. The experimental results indicated that the treatment regimen using a dose of 10mg praziquantel/kg fish/day was not effective with a low cure rate (24.92%). The treatment regimens with the dose 0.6mg ivermectin/kg fish/day or 6mg triclabendazole + 6mg albendazole/kg fish/day or 10mg albendazole + 10mg praziquantel/kg fish/day resulted to higher the cure rates, 90.48%, 85.62%, and 86.86%, respectively.
Wastewater Treatment ofThai frog (Rana rugulosa) Farm usingWater Lettuce(Pistla stratiotesL.)

Pham Quoc Nguyen, Le Diem Kieu, Nguyen Thi Diem My, Trinh Ngoc Tuyet Phuong

Received: 14-11-2022 / Accepted: 18-04-2023
The study on treatment capacity ofwater lettucefor wastewater from Thai frog farm was arranged in a completely randomized designwith 4 coverages: 0% (control treatment),50%, 75%, and 100% of plants, 3 replications for each treatmentin 8 weeks. The water samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 hours interval to determine the retention time, and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks to evaluate the wastewater treatment capability of water lettuce by phase growth. The results showed that the quality of outlet water in plantedtreatments met the A column of QCVN 40/2011/BTNMT after 72 hours. The concentrations of N-NH4+, P-PO43-and COD met A column of QCVN 40/2011/BTNMT and concentrations of N-NH4+, N-NO2-and N-NO3-met column A1, P-PO43-and COD met B2 column of QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT after 4 weeks. The treatment efficiency of N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-,TN, P-PO43-, TP and COD was 28.5-58.6; 39.4-59.8; 56.9-71.6; 32,1-58.7; 64.9-80.1; 43.7-71.8 and 57.4-79.8%, respectively, which increased and had positive correlation with the density of plants. Water lettuce helped to increase the treatment efficiency of frog farming wastewater and shoot and biomass grew well, however, plants were dead in 75% and 100% treatments from 6 weeks due to high density, so it was advisable to harvest a part of biomass to avoid re-release of nutrients from decomposing plants.
Effect of Organic Rare Earth Elements in Diet on Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc, Bui Thi Hong, Cao Dinh Thanh, Ngo Van Tuyen, Vuong Huu Anh, Pham Kim Dang

Received: 22-06-2021 / Accepted: 16-08-2021
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the supplement of organic rare earth elememts (REE-citrate) in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The experiment was done according to a completely randomized design on 1,000 chicken from 1 day of age and divided equally males and females into 5 treatments (200 chicken/treatment) with 4 replicates as follows: treatment 1 (Control): basal diet (KPCS); treatment 2: KPCS + 50mg REE-citrate/kg feed; treatment 3: KPCS + 100mg REE-citrate/kg feed; treatment 4: KPCS + 150mg REE-citrate/kg feed; treatment 5: KPCS + 200 mg REE-citrate/kg feed. Results showed that supplementation of 150 and 200mg REE-citrate/kg feed improved daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers from 1 day of age to slaughter by 4.77-12.47% and 4.48-12.60%, respectively. Supplementation of REE-citrate did not affect the carcass characteristics and broiler meat quality, however, the level of 200mg REE-citrate/kg feed decelerated pH value in breast meat after 24 hours.
Study on Alternative Methods to Green Malachite in Treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Truong Dinh Hoai, Nguyen Van Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Pham Thi Lam Hong

Received: 19-12-2015 / Accepted: 20-09-2016
The mixture of Green Malachite (MG) and formalin is the most effective chemical used to treat Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and other prasites infecting fish.However, MG was prohibited to usein aquaculture due to its potential risks to the environment, animal and human health. The prohibited use of MG has caused many difficulties to treat this parasite and other aquatic diseases. This study was conducted to examine a new, environmental friendly, safe and effectively method alternative to MG. Formalin 25 ppm (F25) was combined with a high oxidizing PHA (15% peracetic acid, 25% hydrogen peroxideand 25% acetic acid) at different concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 ppm (PHA1, PHA3, PHA5, PHA7, PHA10) and the mixture was used to experimentally treat theronts (in vitro), and mature Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (trophonts) parasitized on Grass carp (in vivo), following with comparison to mixture of Green malachite and formalin (F25 + G0.25). The in vitrotest results show that the mixtureof F25 + PHA10 could kill 96.5% theronts within 48h. For in vivotest, treatments were conducted 72h post infection. After 10 days of experimental treatment, the control group (infected without treatment) had a high mortality rate (85.56%).In contrast, the F25 + G0.25 showed high efficiency in controlling this parasite with 94.43% fish survival. The mixtures F + PHA were effective to mitigate mortality rate compared to the control group, in which the mixture of F25 + PHA10 resulted in highest survival rate (92.23%), following with low prevalence and infection intensity, 5.13 and 1.81 parasites/sample at 40 x magnification, respectively. In addition, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis exhibited changes in morphology and moving behaviour. Results of following 10 days post treatment showed that fish treated with F25 + PHA10 recoveredeffectively, stopped mortality and probably created immunity against this parasite.
Evaluating Bactericidal Effect and Therapeutic Efficacy of Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin Combined with Clavulanic Acid on Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from Diseased Tilapia

Truong Dinh Hoai, Tran Thi Diem Quynh, Dang Thi Hoa, Do Dinh Hung, Vo Van Viet, Nguyen Duc Chinh, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Doan Thi Nhinh, Ngo Phu Thoa, Kim Van Van

Received: 25-10-2023 / Accepted: 05-01-2024
The study evaluated and compared the bactericidal effect and treatment of the disease of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae with amoxicillin and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid. To conduct a study, 4 isolates of S. agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia were selected for identification by biochemical methods and PCR assay. The inhibition ability of antibiotics was evaluated through the diffusion method on agar plate and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The treatment efficacy was evaluated 14 days post challenge. The results showed that amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid revealed bigger inhibition zones. The minimum inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin was 2 µg/ml compared to that of only 0.25 µg/ml of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The results of treatment experiments showed that amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid could yielded higher treatment efficacy (91.1%) than those treated with amoxicillin alone (77.8%). This is the first study to compare and evaluate the inhibitory and therapeutic efficacy of amoxicillin with and without clavulanic acid on pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture.
The effect of the Translation Inhibitor Cycloheximide on the Expression of AtZAT12and AtFITGenes in Arabidopsis

Le Thi Tuyet Cham, Vu Thi Thuy Hang

Received: 18-10-2022 / Accepted: 27-01-2023
Iron (Fe) is a microelement that plays an important role because it participates in redox reactions in plants. Fe uptake is tightly regulated to meet plant needs and is controlled by the transcription factor Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT). FIT expression increases in Fe deficiency but decreases in Fe deficient condition. However, when treated with Cycloheximide (CHX), this expression of FIT increased under Fe-sufficient conditions. This study aimed to evaluate whether ZAT12, an inhibitor of FIT, is associated with an elevation of FIT expression under conditions of Fe sufficiency and CHX treatment. The experiment evaluated the expression of FITand ZAT12after treatment with CHX at the end of treatment and 4 hours after treatment. The results showed that the expression of AtFIT and AtZAT12was elevated on Arabidopsis Col-0 and zat12-3grown under Fe sufficient conditions for 10 days and CHX treatment. Thus, in the absence of ZAT12 protein, either by mutations or by CHX translation inhibitors, AtFITexpression was increased. This study provides a way to remove FIT inhibition when plants grown in sufficient Fe condition.
Comparative Efficacy of Levamisole and Praziquantel Against Climbing Perch Anabas testudineusIntestinal Nematodes Pallisentisspp.

Truong Dinh Hoai, Doan Van Vung, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Kim Van Van

Received: 18-11-2020 / Accepted: 11-03-2021
This study was conducted to obtain an effective treatment regimen for intestinal nematodes Pallisentis of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus).Infected fish were randomly taken from an infected pond, examined for clinical signs and lesions of the fish intestine, calculated the prevalence and intensity of infection, and determined worm shape and size. Experimental treatments were levamisole 10mg/kg fish and praziquantel 25 mg/kg fish for 3 consecutive days, combined with anti-inflammatory and hemorrhagic treatment by florphenicol 15 mg/kg fish for five consecutive days. The results showed that fish were infected with pallisentisspp. at a high rate (100%), the average intensity of infection was 45 worms/fish, served hemorrhage of the intestines, intestinal perforation. Infected fish treated with levamisole combined with florphenicol resulted in the highest and most radical treatment effects, 100% of worms were killed, intestinal recovery and fish return to normal after five days of treatment.
Effects of Postharvest Treatment on the Quality of Bac Kan Mandarin

Vu Thi Kim Oanh, Pham Thi Thao

Received: 02-03-2021 / Accepted: 12-04-2021
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)belongs to the citrus fruit family, has a high risk of damage due to contamination on fruit shells, the peel is crispy and easy to crush. This study aimed to identify the suitable postharvest treatment to prolong storage shelf-lifeof Bac Kan mandarin. The mandarin fruits were treated with 4 treatments: (i) distilled water washing (control); (ii) fruit treated with lime 1% on the stem; (iii) fruit washed with ozone solution on the skin; (iv) fruit dipped in ethanol 70% on the skin. The results showed that the treatment mode on ozone and ethanol gave higher quality mandarin when compared to other treatments. Especially, the ozone treatment gave the most effective in prolonging shelf-life of ‘Bac Kan’ mandarin, reach 33 days storage in low temperature (6±1C) and LDPE film packaging with the decay rate of the fruit is very low (4,2%).
Current Situation of Rickets in Dogs in Some Northern Provinces and Identification of Effective Treatment

Pham Thi Lan Huong, Nguyen Van Thanh, Pham Ngoc Thach

Received: 31-03-2017 / Accepted: 06-07-2017
The study aims to evaluate rickets in the population of 856 dogs in some northern provinces including Hanoi, Lang Son, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Thai Binh, Hai Phong, and Quang Ninh and to identify effective treatment regimens. The results showed that the disease rate varied among 4 different breed groups and 4 age ranges, higher in exotic dog populations in that Béc giêbreed had the highest rate (14.91%). Dogs in the age range from 2 to 4 months had highest prevalence (17.20%) followed by the age range of from 4 to 6, under 2, and above 6 months of age (13.30%; 6.49% and 4.16%, respectively). Intrevenous injection with calcium had high treatment effect (recovery rate 100% after 10 days of treatment). In addition, nursery and nutrition cares played an important role in recovery process.
Effect of Supplementing Levels Ensilaged Cassava Leafy Tops in Ration for Fattening Cattle in Dăk Lăk Province

Pham The Hue, Tran Quang Hanh, Tran Quang Han

Received: 27-08-2012 / Accepted: 25-09-2012
The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design on 12 Lai Sind young bulls with twenty months of age, weighting 186 - 194kg to examine the effects of supplementing ensilaged casava leafy tops at different levels, i.e. 0% (control); 20% (treatment 1) and 30% (treatment 2) DM in fattening ration on their performance. Daily DM and CP intake increased with increasing levels of ensilaged casava tops. Daily weight gain was highest in treatment 2 (779.30 g/day), followed by treatment 1 (646g/day), and lowest in control group (563g/day). Feed consumption ration varied from 9.48 to 11.35 kgDM/kg weight gain. It was concluded that ensilaged cassava leafy tops are a suitable source of green feed with high protein in fattening ration of cattle.
Prevalence of Bovine Mastits, Affecting Factors andExperimental Treatment in Phu Dong Dairy Farm

Lai Thi LanHuong, Pham Hong Trang

Received: 11-09-2017 / Accepted: 02-10-2017
The aims of present study were to evaluate the prevalence of mastitis, identify factors influencing disease incidence and test treatment methods in Phu Dong dairy farm in Gia Lam-Ha Noi. The results by California Mastitis Test showed that the prevalence of clinical mastitis was lower than that of sub-clinical cases (10.43% and 25.36%). Based on methylene blue decolorization test, 90% of testing milk samples could be used within 24 -48 hours. The percentage of milk samples discolorized by the dye within 30 minutes was 3.33%. The risk of infection was influenced by the stage of milking. The highest incidence was found in the first month of lactation then reached lowest point at fourth month. The infection rate continued to increase from sixth month toward the end of the lactation period. Age was positively correlated the disease incidence. Cows with higher levels of cross-bred rate had higher rates of mastitis. Treatment with neomycin/amoxicillin combined with pumping inside the infected udders and proper care was effective.
Status of Metritis in Dairy Cows in Household Farms and Treatment Protocol

Nguyen Van Thanh, Nguyen Ngoc Son

Received: 18-04-2017 / Accepted: 26-07-2017
Metritis in dairy cows is a common disease that causes considerable economic loss to dairy cow husbandry. This study aimed to assess the status ofmetritis in dairy cows in livestock farms and to recommend an appropriate treatment protocol. The study consisted of direct survey and interviewof cow breeders, information gathered from local veterinary staff, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, percentage of cured cases, treatment time and fertility of cows following treatment. Results indicated that the proportion of metritis of dairy cows in livestock farms in some localitiesin Nortvietnamwas22.05%, in which63.49%in postpartumperiod and36.51%in insemination waiting period. Among all inflamations,endometrial inflammation, uterine inflammationand endometrial inflammationwas 80.42%, 15.34% and4.23%, respectively. Norfloxacin combined with PGF2α was highly effective fortreatment metritis in dairy cows.
Effects of Hot Water Treatment Combining with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Storage Time after Harvest of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulisSims)

Le Van Luan, Nguyen Thi Diem Huong, Tran Thi Kim Nhi, Nguyen Van Toan

Received: 26-07-2021 / Accepted: 27-05-2022
Passion fruits after harvest were treated with hot water atdifferent temperatures (44C, 48C and 52C) for 5 minutes and soaked in 1-Methylcyclopropene solution (440ppb, 490ppb and 540ppb) during 80 seconds. After drying, the fruits were placed in styrofoam trays inside carton boxes and stored at 5 ± 1C, 80-90% r.h. The treatments withouthot water and 1-MCP treatments were used as the control. Results showed that the treatments with hot water treatment at 48C for 5 minutes combining with 1-MCP at 490ppb for 80 seconds gained the climacteric respiration peak and had ethylene production later than control treatment. The study also identified the quality indicators of passion fruit after 39 storage days under the above conditions, i.e. soluble dry matter content 17.803%, vitamin C content 34.967 mg/100g; and total phenolic content 55.044 ml/100l.
Experimental Study on Combining Nanosilver and Florfenicol in the Treatment of Aeromonas veroniiDisease on Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Nguyen Thi Dung, Le Viet Dung, Kim Van Van, Truong Dinh Hoai

Received: 17-12-2020 / Accepted: 01-03-2022
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of florfenicol and nanosilver combination for the treatment of bacterial infection caused by Aeromonas veronii in channel catfish. The susceptibility of A. veroniito nanosilver and the antibiotic florfenicol was evaluated in vitrovia measurement of inhibited zone based on the diffusion methods. The in vivoexperimental treatment was performed by challenging healthy Channel catfish at LD50 and by feeding with the supplement with different formulations of florfenicol and nanosilver. The results of in vitroexperiments showed that the combination of 10ppm florfenicol and 5ppm nanosilver resulted in the inhibited zone comparable to that of conventional use of antibioticflorfenicol (15ppm). After 7 days of treatment, the combination of florfenicol and nanosilver antibiotics had a similar therapeutic effect compared to those using antibiotics alone.
Purification of IgY from Egg Yolk and Its Application for Prevention and Treatment of Gumboro Disease in Poultry

Vu Thi Thu Hang, Le Quoc Hoa, Trinh Thi Bich Ngoc, Vu Xuan Dang, Nguyen Thi Yen, Nguyen Van Tam, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Thi Lan, Le Van Phan

Received: 27-12-2019 / Accepted: 24-02-2020
The objective of this study was to purify IgY antibodies from chicken egg yolks and apply them for prevention and treatment of Gumboro disease in chickens. In this study, ISA Brown layers of 16 weeks old were used for hyper-immunization to produce eggs with high antibody titers. The immunization results showed that IBD antibody titer sharply increased, especially after hyper-immunizing. The highest titer in the serum samples was obtained at 8 weeks post first vaccination (S/P value was 2.86 ± 0.068). Similar with sera, titter of IBD antibody also raised in eggs, S/P value of IgY-antibody was 2.56 ± 0.111, S/P value of purified IgY from the appropriate yolk was 2.60 ± 0.052. The antibody titer of purified IgY product was stable at 4C with 0.1% sodium benzoate added. The treatment results of chickens that were experimentally infected with gumboro virus showed that 10/10 chickens previously received IgY antibody and 9/10 chickens were treated with IgY antibody after challenging gumboro virus were survived and recovered while 9/10 chickens in the control group that did not receive IgY antibody before challenging test were died.
Effects of Concentration and Timing of Foliar Application of Phenylalanine on the Growth, Yield and Curcumin Content in Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.)

Bui Thi Cam Huong, Luu Thai Danh, Le Vinh Thuc

Received: 05-04-2017 / Accepted: 17-07-2017
The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors, factor A consisted of 4 levels of phenylalanine (0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm), factor B consisted of5 times the phenylalanine treatment (90, 120 150, 180 and 210 days after planting - DAP), and3 replications with3 pots/replication. The results showed that phenylalanine did not affect the growth of turmeric such as number of tillers per clump, number of leaves per clump, number of leaves in main tiller, height of pseudostem, leaf length and leaf breadth. However, the difference in clump weight and content of curcumin was statistically significant at 1%. Treatment at120 DAP resulted inhighest clump weight and content of curcumin(198.7 g/clump and 11.23%,respectively). The clump weight and curcumin contents in the 100 ppm phenylalanine treatment were higher than other concentrations(211.5 g/clump and 12.26%, respectively). Phenylalanine application at120 DAP with the concentration of 100ppm yieldedthe highest clump weight and content of curcumin (279.6 g/clump and 12.4%, respectively) as compared with the remaining treatment groups.
Effect of Postharvest Treatment With1-Methylcyclopropene on the Quality and Storage Life of Green Onionin Atmospheric Condition

Vu Thi Kim Oanh, Vu Thi Hang

Received: 15-10-2015 / Accepted: 05-05-2016
The aim of this study is to identify the optimum mode of postharvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) forgreen onion (Allium fistulosum) in order to remain quality and prolong storage life at ambient condition. The two factors, concentration of 1-MCP and time exposed to 1-MCP, were taken into account. Singer factor experiment on concentration of 1-MCP was carried out first (with 6 concentrations of 0; 100; 200; 300; 400; 500ppm) along with 8 hours exposed to the chemical. Then the singer factor experiment on time exposed to 1-MCP was conducted (with 5 levels of 2; 5; 8; 11; and 14hours) along with the best 1-MCP concentration selected from previous experiment. Analyzed parameters include yellowingrates, chlorophyll, vitaminC content and their changes during storage period. The best green onion was obtained from the treatment with 200ppmfor8 hours exposed to 1-MCP. Also, two factors experiment was made in order to see interactions between them and look for the most optimal modeof 1-MCP postharvest treatmentforgeen onion. The results showed that the treatment laid on 208,9 ppm 1-MCP for 7 hours 44 minutes gave highest quality green onion in atmospheric condition.
Utilizing the Black Soldier Fly Larvae/Pre-Pupae (Hermetia Illucens)in Feeds for Snakehead Fish (Chana Micropeltes)

Nguyen Phu Hoa, Nguyen Van Dung

Received: 26-10-2015 / Accepted: 03-05-2016
The use the black soldier fly larvae/pre-pupae (Hermetia illucens) in feeds for snakehead fish (Chana micropeltes) wasinvestigated to assess the possibility of using asmeal for snakehead fishculture.The results showed that the highest survival rate was 84.0 ± 2.0% in treatment of NT3 (using pre-pupae). Treatment NT3 had the final weight of 78.0 ± 4.3 g and not significantlydifferentcompared with treatments using trash fish. FCR was lowest in the treatment NT3 (3.1 ± 0.1). The quality of the fish filletwas notdifferentbetween treatments.The use ofpre-pupae meal replacementin snakehead fish feedshowedthatthe survival rate ranged between67.3and84.7% and significant differences among treatments. The highest weight wasfound in NT20 (78.5 ± 1.0 g). FCR in the treatments of NT10, NT20 and NT30 were notsignificantlydifferentcompared to the control. The quality of fish filletNT10, NT20 and NT30 in treatmentswasnotsignificantlydifferentcompared to the control treatment.
Ảnh hưởng của phân bón hữu cơ và vô cơ đến sinh trưởng và chất lượng của cây hoa Thu Hải Đường và Dạ Yến Thảo trồng chậu

Vu Ngoc Thang, Dong Huy Gioi, Li Hua Tang, Nguyen Thi Ngoc

Received: 12-06-2015 / Accepted: 02-12-2015
Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của phân bón vô cơ và hữu cơ đến sinh trưởng và chất lượng của hoa trồng trong chậu. Ba loại phân bón bao gồm phân hữu cơ (COF), vô cơ (CIF) và dung dịch dinh dưỡng tổng hợp (FSMN) đã được bố trí thí nghiệm trên 2 loại hoa trồng chậu (Thu Hải Đường - Begonia semperflorens và Dạ Yến Thảo - Petunia hybrid Vilm). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, xử lý phân bón giúp tăng sinh trưởng, quang hợp và chất lượng của hai loại hoa trồng chậu. Trong đó, phân bón COF có ảnh hưởng tốt nhất đối với các chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng và chất lượng hoa chậu so với các phân bón còn lại. Đặc biệt COF kích thích sự phân nhánh, tăng số lá, tăng hàm lượng diệp lục và hiệu suất quang hợp của 2 loài hoa trồng chậu. Giá trị cao nhất về đường kính thân, số hoa/cây, độ bền của hoa đều được quan sát ở công thức phân bón COF. Ngoài ra, Thu hải đường và Dạ yến thảo đều nở hoa sớm nhất trong công thức phân bón COF so với các công thức phân bón còn lại trong thí nghiệm.
Using Microbial Fermented Litter for Laying Hens

Nguyen Thi Tuyet Le, Bui Quang Tuan, Nguyen Thi Huong

Received: 21-01-2013 / Accepted: 19-04-2013
A study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial fermented litter on reproductive performance of laying hens and reducing environmental pollution. 1,200 Luong Phuong layers from 22-45 weeks old were assigned in completely randomized design into two treatments. In the first treatment, husk litter was used as control to compare with the second treatment using microbial fermented litter. The experiment was repeated three times. Fermented litter quality including temperature, moisture, number of total aerobic bacteria, and barn microclimate, as well as production parameters were evaluated. The results showed that the temperature was increased while moisture was reduced in chiken house when microbial fermented litter was used. The concentration of CO2and NH3reduced signifcantly in treatment using microbial fermented litter compared with control (P<0,05). During the experimental period, the average egg production (hen-day %) and FCR(kg feed/10 eggs) of the hens were not significantlty different among treatments. However, using microbial fermented litter clearly reduced disease incidence and mortality rate in treatments (P<0,05). Based on this study it could be concluded that microbial fermented litter could be utilized for laying hens to reduce environmental pollution.
Effect of Different Bottom Substrates on Survival Rate and Growth ofJuvenileSea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) Cultured in Tanks

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh

Received: 01-01-2016 / Accepted: 17-07-2016
A study was performed to evaluate the effect of different bottom substrates on survival rate and growth of juvenile sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) cultured in tanks. Experiment consisted of 4 treatments namely sandy substrate, muddy substrate, sand+mud sustrate mix with 1:1ratio,and brick substrate. Each treatment was repeated three times.Juvenile sea cucumberswithmean initial weight and length of 3.51± 0.14 g and 4.35± 0.51 cm, respectively,were kept in the 250- L tank and provided with slightly continuous aeration at salinity of 30 ppt, and stocking density of30 individuals/m2. After 75 days of culture, survival rate of sea cucumber in sandy, muddy and sand+mud substrates was in the range of 94.4- 100%, and not significantlydifferent(p> 0.05). Particularly, the sea cucumber in the brick treatment experiencedgradual mortalitywith time and complete death at day 62 of culture. The highest specific growth rate and daily growth rate in termsof length and weight of H. scabrain the sandy treatment was observed, and significantly different (p< 0.05) from other substrates. The results suggest that sandy substrate was most suitable while the brick wasnot appropriate for juvenile of sea cucumber H. scabra. Moreover, H. scabracould live and develop on the sand+mud and muddy substrates in tank conditions.
Effect of Colchicine Concentration and Duration of Treatment on Polyploidy Induction in Shallot (Allium cepaL., Aggregatum Group)

Tran Thi Minh Hang, Pham Thi Minh Phuong, Nguyen Thanh Tuan, Phan Thi Ngan

Received: 09-11-2015 / Accepted: 11-03-2016
Local shallot (Allium cepaL. ), Aggregatum group) variety grown inKinh Mon, Hai Duong was treated with colchicine in order to produce polyploid materials for high-quality shallot breeding in Viet Nam. The research was carried out at Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The shallot bulbs were immersedincolchicine solution with different concentrations (0,2%; 0,4%; 0,6%; 0,8%; 1,0%; 1,2%; 1,4%; 1.6%; 1,8%; 2,0%)for oneto tendays. The results revealed that colchicine treatment at concentration 1,0% for 6 days was most suitable for inducing tetraploid shallot plants with survival rate of 80%. Thepercentage of tetraploids was20% in total treated bulbs. Treatment at higher concentration and longer duration increased the percentage of dead plants up to 100%. Thirty six tetraploid plants of shallot were produced.

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