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Land Accumulation and Concentration for Commodity-oriented Agricultural Development in Dak Nong Province

Nguyen Anh Duc, Nguyen Tuan Son

Received: 17-05-2021 / Accepted: 03-06-2021
The process of land accumulation and concentration has occurredin Dak Nong province. However, this process still reveals many limitations and has not met the needs of the province's commodity agriculture development.Based onassessing the current situationand analyzing factors affecting the process of land accumulation and concentration over time, thisstudyproposedsolutions to accelerate the process of land accumulation and concentration for commodity-oriented agricultural developmentin Dak Nongprovince. This study appliedthe participatory approachmethodto collect primary data, combinedboth qualitative and quantitative methodsin data analysis. Ourresults showedthat for the farm group, land accumulation took place in the form of buying and renting land from other farmers, while for the cooperatives, land concentration in the form of sharing land rights between farmers and entrepreneurs was dominant. The fluctuation of the land market and the resources of the actors involved in land accumulation and concentration were key factors influencingthe process of land accumulation and concentration.
Optimization of Parameters in PolysaccharideExtraction and Bioactive Analysis from Myxopyrum smilacifolium(Wall.) Blume Roots

Luu Hong Son, Vu Thi Hanh, Nguyen Thi Tinh, Ta Thi Luong, Dinh Thi Kim Hoa, Ngo Xuan Binh

Received: 26-02-2021 / Accepted: 04-06-2021
It has been demonstrated that roots ofMyxopyrum smilacifolium(Wall.) contain many bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, saponin, flavonoids. This study aimed to determine the effects of the single-factor model on the amount of polysaccharide extracted from roots of Myxopyrum smilacifolium(Wall.) Blume), as a basis on a fractional factorial design at three levels through the Box–Behnken experimental design. Extracts obtained from optimized conditions were used for evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ability. The results of the single-factor showed that the time of using ultrasound, the ethanol concentration, solvent/ material ratio, and extraction temperature were 60 seconds at 37 kHz, 80%, 15/1 (ml/g), and 80C for 90 min respectively. Under the optimized conditions by using the Box–Behnken experimental design, the results showed that the time of using ultrasound, the ethanol concentration, solvent/ material ratio, and extraction temperature were 64.67 seconds at 37 kHz, 81.56%, 15.33/1 (ml/g), and80C for 90 min respectively; and the total polysaccharide content was 16.1948 mg/g of the root. The extracts of total polysaccharides were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureusK, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp with antibacterial ring diameters as follow: 8.01; 18.06; 8.03; 6.84; 15.33; 9.39, and 10.13 mmrespectively. There was an IC50value of 168.94 ± 5.28 (µg/ml) when evaluating antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory ability was 28.31 ± 1.04; 33.76 ± 1.06; 50.04 ± 2.03 and 71.14 ± 2.81 (% BSA denaturation) corresponds to the extract concentration of 0.78125; 1.5625; 3.125 and 6.350 (μg/ml) respectively.
Effects of Growing Season on Development and Postharvest Ripening of Tomato Cv. Savior

Tran Thi Dinh, Nguyen Minh Viet Thao, Nguyen Thi Thuy Nga, Dinh Thi Hien, Maarten Hertog, Bart Nicolai

Received: 26-04-2021 / Accepted: 24-05-2021
This study was to evaluate the effects of growing seasons on the quality of tomato cv. Savior. The quality parameters of the tomato during fruit development, climacteric ripening and postharvest storage were analyzed using the instrumental methods. The results showed that the fruit weight of summer tomato (off-season tomato) was significantly smaller than that of winter tomato (on-season tomato) during fruit development and climacteric ripening. Meanwhile, total acidity of summer tomato was 1.5 times higher than that of winter tomato. Both summer and winter tomato shared a similar changing pattern in color, firmness and total soluble solid content. They showed the climacteric peak at the ripening stage 3 (turning color stage), which was 1.220 mmol CO2/kg.h for summer tomato and 1.331 mmol CO2/kg.h for winter fruit. This study has affirmed that tomato cv. Savior has a good heat tolerance capability, thus suitable to grow in both summer and winter seasons without clear differences in phenotype. Data in this study provide a background for further performing in-depth studies at the genomic and proteomic levels to discover the ripening mechanisms between tomato cv. Savior grown in winter and in summer.
Effects of Postharvest Treatment on the Quality of Bac Kan Mandarin

Vu Thi Kim Oanh, Pham Thi Thao

Received: 02-03-2021 / Accepted: 12-04-2021
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)belongs to the citrus fruit family, has a high risk of damage due to contamination on fruit shells, the peel is crispy and easy to crush. This study aimed to identify the suitable postharvest treatment to prolong storage shelf-lifeof Bac Kan mandarin. The mandarin fruits were treated with 4 treatments: (i) distilled water washing (control); (ii) fruit treated with lime 1% on the stem; (iii) fruit washed with ozone solution on the skin; (iv) fruit dipped in ethanol 70% on the skin. The results showed that the treatment mode on ozone and ethanol gave higher quality mandarin when compared to other treatments. Especially, the ozone treatment gave the most effective in prolonging shelf-life of ‘Bac Kan’ mandarin, reach 33 days storage in low temperature (6±1C) and LDPE film packaging with the decay rate of the fruit is very low (4,2%).
Use of Insects as Animal Feed: Trends and Prospects

Dang Thuy Nhung, Nguyen Thi Xuan, Han Quang Hanh, Vu Dinh Ton

Received: 16-10-2020 / Accepted: 05-05-2021
Use of insects as animal feed has been increasing significantly in the world and considered to be a potential development pathway in Vietnam to substitute protein-rich feed of animal and plant origin. The objectives of this paper is to review and evaluate the biological characteristics, nutritive value, and potential use of several edible insect species as animal feed. Black soldier fly larvae, mealworm, silkworm, locusts, and crickets are the most common species that have been used widely and the greatest potential in term of nutritive value of crude protein and fat contents with 42.1-63.3 and 8.5-36% respectiverly, rich in lysine and threonine. Partial or total supplement of fish meal or soybean meal with insect meal in the poultry and pig diets resulted in similar or even better production performance and meat quality. Some risks of food safety such as microbiological, toxic, and heavy metal contamination should be carefully eliminated during the rearing, harvesting, processing and preserving of insects. Further assessment of the potential and effects of insect replacement in different animal diets are requested to develop a noval and safe source of protein - rich feed material with acceptable production cost.
Potential Roles of NAC Transcription Factor in the Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Crops: a Review

Pham Cong Tuyen Anh, Chu Duc Ha, Le Thi Ngoc Quynh, Nguyen Huu Kien, Pham Phuong Thu, Nguyen Quoc Trung, Nguyen Duc Bach, Nguyen Van Loc

Received: 06-07-2020 / Accepted: 27-04-2021
NAC transcription factors have been regarded as one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants. It has been demonstrated that NAC families played an important role in various biological processes in crops, particularly in abiotic stress response. This review summarizes the information of NAC families in numerous plant species. The functions of several NAC genes involving in the improvement of stress tolerance are discussed. Finally, some research orientations are proposed for further functional characterization of NAC gene for the crop breeding strategy adaptable to the climate change.
Isolationand Characterization of the Strain Arthrospira plastensisIsolated from Van Quan Lake

Nguyen Duc Bach, Chu Duc Ha, Vu Le Dieu Huong, Phi Thi Cam Mien

Received: 06-04-2021 / Accepted: 05-05-2021
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)is a species of Cyanobacteriaand is widelycultivated for functional foods, cosmeticsand aquaculture feed due to its rich protein, pigments, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements. In Vietnam, Spirulinawasfirst studiedin the late 1970s, mainlyfocused oninvestigating environmentaland nutritive factors aswell asculture techniques. However, very few studies on isolation, identification and characterization of native strain have been done. With the aim of exploiting the indigenous genetic resources, a strain of Cyanobacteria distributed in Van Quan lake (Hanoi) was isolated, identified and culturedinthe medium ofHoagland, BBM, BG-11, ½ Chu-10 and Zarrouk. Bymorphological analysis using optical and electron scanning microscopy combined with 16S rRNA sequence analysis, theisolated strain was identified as Arthrospira platensis. As the results attained, except for Zarroukmedia, this speciescan grow well inin BG-11and BBMmedia. The study provided an initial scientific basis for exploiting indigenous genetic resources for functional foods, cosmeticsand aquaculture feeds.
Consumer Preferencesin Softshell Turtle Food Consumption at Restaurants in Hanoi City

Luong Minh Cuong, Do Kim Chung

Received: 01-03-2021 / Accepted: 29-03-2021
This research aimedat assessing consumers’ preferences in softshell turtle food consumption and recommending solutionsto meet consumer’s demand. Results on survey of 307 consumers from 40 restaurants on consumer’s characteristics, their references in restaurantsand dish selections and their satisfaction with restaurants’ services indicated that:Softshell turtle food consumers hadmoderate and stableincome;Turtle food was used in the cases of meeting, celebrations, normally at night time;6-8 consumers came at a time by car;Majority of them used turtle food for 3-4 weeks each time;More than 88% chose green turtle with an average of 450-500 gam /person;Preferred dishes includedsoftshell turtle cooked with banana and tofu, roastedwith salt, cooked with medical herbs, steamed with lotus or salt;About38% consumerswere still unsatisfied with services provided by restaurants. The paper also recomends Solutions are therefore reccommended concentrating on middleaged consumer group, both men and women, well-organizing restaurant facilities, car parks, good human resource allocation for table and reception services, development of supply chains in softshell turtles, especially green ones, upgrading knowledge and skills of workers involved in food processing and, right price policies,ensuring sanitation and food... to fully meet consumer preferences.
Building a Set of Image Database of Popular Chicken Diseases

Tran Thi Thu Huyen, Phan Thi Thu Hong, Pham Quang Dung, Dang Huu Anh, Luu Phan Thoang

Received: 20-07-2020 / Accepted: 09-12-2020
The frequent occurrence of poultry diseases, such as bird flu, not only causes huge economic losses to farmers but also poses serious threats to human health. Providing diverse and detailed images of some common diseases in chickens is essential in poultry breeding to reduce economic losses while limiting disease outbreaks on a large scale and mitigating the source of infection from avian to humans. Therefore, in this study, we developed a website of images fully and in detail for some common chicken diseases so that the farmers can easily access and automatically look up information about the considered diseases. The images of the diseased chickenscollected from avian experts were synthesized, standardized and organized into a database of chicken disease images. This is the first database of web-based chicken disease imagesthat replaces the existing paper-based data.
Isolation, Selection and Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Testing Process of Producing Fermented Oyster Mushroom

Nguyen Thanh Huyen, Le Thi Mai Anh, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Ngo Xuan Nghien, Tran Thi Dao, Pham Thi Thu Trang, Vu Thi Ly, Nguyen Hoang Anh, Hoang Hai Ha, Do Thi Hanh, Nguyen Xuan Canh

Received: 23-06-2020 / Accepted: 14-12-2020
This study was conducted to isolate lactic acid bacteria and apply them to preserve oyster mushrooms, as well as improve its nutritional value. Lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated, selected in MRS broth medium and tested for fermentation ability of oyster mushroom. The results showed that six bacterial strains potentially belonging to Lactobacillusgenus were isolated. By using a method of determining acidity in Therner degree, two strains D2.1 and D2.2 were determined with the highest ability to produce lactic acid (19,17 mg/ml and 19,38 mg/ml, respectively) after 72h culture. These two strains have been able to grow well on the mushroom extracts and reached the highest cell density after 16-24h of culture. The D2.1 and D2.2 strains were used for oyster fermentation. The fermented product has attractive colors and delicious taste, as well as meets the product safety requirements for microbiological criteria (Salmonella sp. andE. coli). After fermentation, total carbohydrate and protein contents were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid and Kjeldahl methods. The results indicated that D2.1 strain has only reduced the amount of mushroom protein by 2.4%, while D2.2 strain has reduced by 5.3%; For carbohydrate amount of mushrooms, D2.1 strain has decreased by 7.73%, and D2.2 strain has reduced 9.32%, respectively.
Aquacultural Cooperatives in Quynh Nhai, Son La: Current Status and Policy Implication

Phi Thi Diem Hong, Le Thi Minh Chau

Received: 04-09-2020 / Accepted: 24-11-2020
This study analyzed the current status of aquacultural cooperatives in Quynh Nhai, Son La, in order to identify obstacles in the development of this cooperative type. Our research approach was made following the performance assessment criteria of Circular 01/2020/TT-BKHDT issuing on February 19, 2020 by the Ministry of Planning effectively from April 1, 2020, to do the survey on 21 aquaculture cooperatives and their 107 cooperative members in Quynh Nhai. The research results showed that: (i) the aquacultural cooperatives have still had difficulties in accessing policies on land (surface area) and credit; (ii) Small and micro scale of capital and assets for production; (iii) A stable development value chain has not yet been formed; (iv) The managers’ competence was still limited for an extensive development or innovation.
Solutions to Sustainable Poverty Reduction for Ethnic Minority: A case study of La Ha Ethnic Minority Group in Quynh Nhai District, Sơn La Province

Ho Ngoc Ninh, Truong Ngoc Tin, Tran Dinh Thao

Received: 23-09-2020 / Accepted: 19-10-2020
The study aimed to assess the current situation and propose solutions to sustainable poverty reduction for the La Ha ethnic group in Quynh Nhai district, Son La province. The study surveyed 20 officials in charge of managing and implementing poverty reduction policies at district and commune levels, and 120 households including the poor, near-poor households, and households escaping from poverty (75 La Ha ethnic group households and 45 Thai ethnic group households). It was found that, over the past time, there had been many poverty reduction policies, programs, and projects implemented in ethnic minority and mountainous areas, the life of the La Ha people in Quynh Nhai was much improved. However, the proportion of poor households in La Ha ethnic group was still high (43% in 2019), the material and spiritual life of the La Ha ethnic group was still faced with many difficulties; people's intellectual level was still very low, the illiteracy rate was still high, medical examination and treatment and health care for the people were still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively implement the related policies to sustainably reduce poverty for La Ha people in Son La province, such as: (1) integrated investment in rural infrastructure; (2) Promotion of the application of scientific and technical advances in production; (3) Improvement of the accessibility and efficiency of concessional loans; (4) promotion of vocational training for rural workers, encouraging startup, labor exportation; (5) raising awareness of the people about the importance of education and improvement of the quality of general education.
The Effects of Logistics on Business Performance of the Garment Firms in Hanoi

Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen Hai Nui, Doan Thi Ngoc Thuy

Received: 10-08-2020 / Accepted: 04-11-2020
The purpose of the study was to identify logistics factors affecting the business performance of garment enterprises in Hanoi city. The survey was conducted on a database of 109 garment enterprises in Hanoi by using the surveying methods (interview by phone, mail, sample interview on google Docs and face-to-face) and face-to-face, the collected data were analyzed by factor analysis (EFA). The results showed that five logistics factor groups had positive effects on garment firms’ performance. The research Model has indicated that using reasonably logistics costs, improving the quality of output logistics. The appropriate recommendations should be simultaneously applied following 6 solutions: (1) Investing in modern facilities and equipment for logistics operations at garment enterprises; (2) Building a close relationship with distribution intermediaries; (3) Managing the plans of input materials; (4) Improving the qualifications and capabilities of logistics staff; (5) Enhancing the enterprise inventory management; (6) Promoting the application of information technology in logistics services.
Study on the Design of the Tube-Type Vacuum Honey Concentrator with Liquid Ring Partsand UltrasonicDevice Combination to Prevent the Crystallization

Dang Thanh Son, Tran Nhu Khuyen, Nguyen Thanh Hai

Received: 29-06-2020 / Accepted: 14-08-2020
The CD-1 tube-type vacuum honey concentrator with a liquid ring has been designed and manufactured based on the new principle, using the liquid ringand ultrasonic deviceto increase theevaporationabilityand crystallizationinhoneyto enhancing the quality of honey products during the condensed process.The single-case experiments have been appliedto determine the influence of concentration temperature, height of liquid ring, and time of broadcasting ultrasonic waves to the synthesis point of concentrated product quality, concentration and recrystallization time,and specific cost of electricity.The results of the experiments showedthatthe equivalent ofconcentration temperaturebetween35Cand53C, increasing the height of liquid ringfrom 380mm to 680mm and time of broadcasting ultrasonic waves from 15to 30 minwill bemore effective than increasing theconcentration temperature in terms of reducing quality due to heat effect, the concentration-time and specific cost of electricity.
Leadership Competencies of the Small and Medium Enterprise Managers in Vietnam: Theories, Practices and Recommendations

Tran Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Quoc Chinh, Tran Huu Cuong

Received: 25-05-2020 / Accepted: 03-09-2020
The leadership competencies of small and medium enterprise managers play an extremely important role in promoting this type of business to operate effectively. However, there are few articles focusing on the leadership competencies of small and medium enterprise managers in Vietnam. This article focuses on analysis of concepts, constituents, influences and effectiveness of leadership competencies of small and medium enterprise managers in Vietnam to give some recommendations to improve these competencies of small and medium enterprise managers in the future. These competencies include knowledge, skills and qualities. There is a discrepancy between the necessary and current competencies of small and medium enterprise managers, especially knowledge of business strategies; skills to initiate changes, to build and develop corporate culture. To improve the leadership competencies of the small and medium enterprises managements, the efforts of the leaders themselves, the involvement of the state, the training facilities, service provider for organizations and professional association are required.
Performance of Cooperatives in Tien Hai District, Thai Binh Province

Le Thi Thanh Hao, Vu Ngoc Huyen, Nguyen Van Song, Bui Thi Nga, Nguyen Quang Nam

Received: 20-04-2020 / Accepted: 08-09-2020
The study investigated 35 cooperatives and 105 members of cooperatives in Tien Hai district in order to collect the situation and to propose recommendations to improve the results of production and business activities of cooperatives in the district. The study investigated 35 cooperatives and 105 members of cooperatives in Tien Hai district in order to collect information on production and business activities of cooperatives. On the basis of analyzing the current situation, the study has proposed some recommendations to improve the results of production and business activities of cooperatives. The results showed that most of the cooperatives in Tien Hai are operated in many fields with two main business activities, production and service provision. In the period of 2016-2018, the average profit tended to increase but remained at low amounts. The profit was mainly used for reinvestment, without distributing to members. The majority of cooperative members must take the initiative in capital generation and product consumption. The mobilization of capital from the members is minimal. Members are satisfied with participating in the cooperative; the quality and price of products and services provided by the cooperatives are assessed at good levels. However, the role of cooperatives in helping members increase revenue, increase profits and the initiative to seek new ideas to increase the performance is only at a neutral score. In order to improve the performance of cooperatives in the district in the coming time, the authorities, cooperatives and members need to focus on: solving capital difficulties; promoting investment in consumption activities; strengthening linkages between businesses with cooperatives and members; and encouraging the cooperatives and members participate in safe agricultural value chains.
Management of Personal Income Tax Collection from the Real Estates Transfers at Gia Lam District Tax Department, Hanoi City

Do Quang Giam, Vu Ngoc Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thuy Dung, Nguyen Xuan Diep

Received: 04-05-2020 / Accepted: 19-08-2020
The study focused on analyzing situations of the management of personal income tax collection from real estates transfers at Gia Lam district Tax Department, Hanoi city in order to propose some solutions to improve the management of personal income tax collection from real estates transfers in the district. The study conducted a survey of 200 individuals having real estates transfers in 4 communes, where real estates transfers occurred popularly in the district, namely Trau Quy, Da Ton, Kieu Ky and Dong Du in 2019, and interviewed personal income tax officers at the District Tax Department. The results showed that the submitted number of personal income tax dossiers from real estates transfers increased rapidly, over 30%/year on average during the period of 2014-2018. However, the management of taxpayers' information has not been sufficient and timely; the coordination of tax administration agencies is not effective; taxpayers' understanding of tax payment obligations is limited; tax inspection and examination are still not thorough. In order to effectively manage the collection of personal income tax from real estates transfers, it is necessary to strengthen coordination among district administrative institutions; accelerate the application of information technology; enhance tax inspection and examination; and reform tax administrative formalities.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Canthaxanthin from Halophiles on Growth and Muscle Pigmentation of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Tran Thi Mai Huong, Do Van Thinh, Cao Thi Linh Chi, Le Van Khoi, Dang Viet Anh, Tran Quoc Toan, Tran Thi Thuy Ha

Received: 04-05-2020 / Accepted: 04-08-2020
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of canthaxanthin extract derived from Paracoccus carotinifaciensVTP 20181 (bio-canthaxanthin) into diet for grow-out rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the growth performance and pigment of rainbow trout muscle. The experiment was performed with five treatments including four levels of canthaxanthin from rich bacterium P. carotinifaciens VTP 20181 as a feed for rainbow trout at 0, 25, 50, 75 mg/kg (CT0, CT25, CT50, CT75), respectively and a diet contained chemical canthaxanthin 40 mg/kg as the control diet (ĐC). After the time of 90 days of feeding trial, there was no significant difference in survival rate, growth performance and carcass composition of rainbow trout (P >0.05). The score of pigmentation in diet was added 50.75 mg/kg higher than that of in diet were added 0.25 mg/kg canthaxanthin but no significant with control (P >0.05) was found. Fish fed the diet contained 50 or 75 mg/kg of bio-canthaxanthin showed the same efficacy with the commercial diet.
Study on Induced Spawning Whitespotted Clarias (Clarias fuscuslacepède, 1803)

Luu Van Bien, Thai Thanh Binh, Nguyen Duc Khiem

Received: 12-06-2020 / Accepted: 14-09-2020
Whitespotted Clarias is an indigenous and economically valuable species in North Vietnam. However, seed resources have not meet farmers’ demands. The research to induce spawning of Whitespotted Clarias was conducted with 03 treatments: NT1 = 4,000IU HCG; NT2 = 100µg LRHa + 10mg Dom; NT3 = 2,000IU HCG + 50µg LRHa + 5mg Dom/kg female fish. The dose of drug was injected for male fish with 1/3 of that for the female fish. Each treatment used 35 females and 17 males. Water temperature ranged from 25-27C. The results showed that after 11-14h injection hormones fish spawning. The highest spawning rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate were 92.38 ± 8.73%; 72.86 ± 4.07%; 75.41 ± 1.23%, respectively obtained from NT1. There was no significant difference between treatment NT1 and treatment NT3 (P >0.05). The fry production ranged from 7.187 to 8.750 fish/kg female fish. The time to hatch Whitespotted Clarias eggs is about 31h 20m. The research results are the scientific basis for the development of the techniques producing seed Whitespotted Clarias in North Vietnam.
Effects of the African Swine Fever on Farmers’Livestock Activities in Long My District, Hau Giang Province

Tran Thanh Dung

Received: 13-08-2020 / Accepted: 11-09-2020
Faced with the highly complicated situation of the African Swine Fever, this study aimed to provide solutions to stabilize livelihoods for pig’s farmers, through a stratified random survey of 60 pig-breeding households in September 2019, combining descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate linear regression. Results showed that the number of heavily affected households accounted for 43.3%; slightly affected households only 15%, and unaffected households 41.7%. The majority of farmers' information on the African swine fever was late, in July and August, accounting for 88.9%. The price decreased from 42 to 25 thousand VND/kg of live pigs. The African swine fever incidence was influenced by three factors, viz the number of employees involved inbreeding, the biogas system, and the African-swine-fever outbreak time. There were 81,67% of farmers who changed their livelihoods, mainly raising biosecure chickens and super meat ducks. The proposed solutions included encouraging the farmers to change their livelihoods according to local recommendations, loan and technology support, and people's participation; for pig maintaining households, their prevention would be carried out according to local guidelines, promptly updating disease information, restricting people to enter the breeding area, not using human leftovers for pigs during the epidemic season, and checking barn hygiene and Biogas systems.
Assessment of Land Suitability for Supporting the Development of Specialized crop Cultivation in Yen Lac District, Vinh Phuc Province

Nguyen Dinh Trung, Cao Viet Ha, Le Thi Giang

Received: 28-05-2020 / Accepted: 13-07-2020
The study aimed to assess the land suitability for supporting the development of specialized crop cultivation in Yen Lac district, Vinh Phuc province. The study used the spatial analysis method of GIS to establish and overlay 6 single maps (soil types, texture, relative topography, soil thickness, fertility, and irrigation). The study resulted in (1) a land unit map at a scale of 1/10,000 and (2) land suitability map at a scale of 1/ 10,000for LUT of specialized rice, vegetables, and fruit trees. The result of land suitability assessment has determined highly and moderate suitability area (S1+S2) for specialized rice (3.504,43ha), for specialized upland crops (2.517,35ha),and fruit trees (3.179,26ha). Based on the obtained results, Yen Lac district has identified the specialized areas in the different zones: rice cultivation with 955ha ( in Dong Van, Lien Chau, Nguyet Duc, Tam Hong, Yen Dong and Yen Phuong communes); vegetables with 892 ha (in Hong Chau, Trung Kien, Nguyet Duc, Binh Dinh, Lien Chau and Dai Tu communes); and fruit trees with 916 ha (in Nguyet Duc, Hong Phuong, Lien Chau communes).
Evaluation of AtZAT12Gene Expression in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Le Thi Tuyet Cham, Vu Ngoc Thang, Vu Thi Thuy Hang, Tran Anh Tuan

Received: 26-05-2020 / Accepted: 20-07-2020
ZAT12 is one of the transcription factors response to abiotic stress, which has had higher expression of ZAT12 under oxidative, cold, and heat stressetc. ZAT12 links iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses through direct interaction with and negative regulation of FIT.However, in thisstudy,ZAT12 was regulated by ZAT12native promoter. This study aimed to generate ZAT12 with overexpression (ZAT12 Ox) in response to oxidative stress and Fe uptake. The attempts of this study were further selected thetransgene lines containing 2x35S::ZAT12 by observing the dry seed under fluorescent microscopegene sequencing and PCR. The growth and gene expression as well asZAT12 protein regulation of 2x35S::ZAT12 lines (ZAT12 Ox)were evaluated. As the results showed, the 4 positive lines(CH1-1, 1-4, 1-10 and1-14lines) with different growth were generated, of which the growth of CH1-1 line was inhibited. Expression of AtZAT12 gene induced to response to Fe deficiency, but not to H2O2supplemented treatment. ZAT12 protein of CH1-4 line also detected by Western Blot.
Prevalence of Avian Metapneumovirus(aMPV)in Chickens in some Northern Provinces of Vietnam

Cao Thi Bich Phuong, Le Ba Hiep, Huynh Thi MyLe, Nguyen Van Giap

Received: 18-05-2020 / Accepted: 24-06-2020
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the etiological agents of the swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of aMPV in some northern provinces of Vietnam.By using ELISA and RT-PCR techniques, the study detected molecular and serology of aMPV in chickens. A result of testing 85 chickens aged from 5 to 12 weeks without aMPV vaccination showed that 22 chickens (25.88%) had aMPV antibody. In contrast, out of 85 swab samples tested only 3 (3.53%) were positive to aMPV by RT-PCR. Clinical signs and gross pathology indicate that chickens suspected to be infected with aMPV are concentrated in the upper respiratory tract. Swelling of the periorbital and infraorbital is the most common. The research result is providinga scientific basis for diagnosing and recommending to use proper vaccines to reduce the economic losses due to aMPV.
Investigating the Presence of Porcine Parvovirus 1 (PPV1) in Pigs in Hanoi and Neighboring Provinces

Nguyen Van Giap, Mai Thi Ngan, Le Van Truong, Vu Thi Ngoc, Vo Van Hieu, Ta Thi Kim Chung, Vu Duc Hanh, Huynh Thi My Le

Received: 19-05-2020 / Accepted: 24-06-2020
Porcine Parvovirus (PPV1) is one of the main pathogens inducing reproductive failure in sows. PPV1 is also known as a triggering factor of porcine circovirus type 2. In Vietnam, the presence of PPV1 and its association with reproductive disorders of sows had been confirmed. However, few publications are available on this topic. This study investigated the occurrence of PPV1 in growing pigs risen in Hanoi and neighboring provinces by serology test, PCR and genetic analysis. It was revealed that 88.2% (60/68) sera contained detectable antibodies against PPV1. Of these, 18/60 sera had high antibody titres (HI >1/512). The viremia was detected at a high frequency (10 out of 18 tested sera) and was uncorrelated with the level of antibody titers against PPV1. The genetic analysis based on the partial NS1- protein-coding gene showed that 10 PPV1 field strains were within genogroup 1. In combination with the other studies, the current result supported that PPV1 is circulating in pigs in Vietnam.
Evaluating Economic Efficiency of Coffee Production Based on Water Saving Techniques in Central Highland: A Case Study in Cu M’gar District, DakLak Province

Nguyen Phuong Le, Nguyen Hai Duong

Received: 19-03-2020 / Accepted: 06-06-2020
Drought and conventional irrigation methods are considered as reasons that make coffee growers face with water shortage more frequent and increasingly serious level in the Central Highlands. Applying water-saving technologies in coffee production has become an urgent need than ever. This study aimsto make an overviewthe types of coffee irrigation technologies being used; assess the economic efficiency of coffee production using economical irrigation technology and identify factors that hinder the application of economical irrigation technology for coffee in Cu M’gar district. Data which have been collected from 33 coffee producing households applying the irrigation technology (overall survey) and 30 coffee producing households using traditional irrigation technology (random sampling) in the study area showedthat water-saving techniqueshave brought higher economic efficiency compared toconventional ones. However, the households who have applied water-saving techniquesin the district are still very low, mainly due to the lack of investment capital, limited awareness of the producers and ineffective transferring activities.

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