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Selection of Inbred Maize Lines for Drought Tolerance Using Phenotyic Evaluation and Genetic Markers

Phan Duc Thinh, Hoang Thi Thuy, Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Nguyen Thi Han, Vu Van Liet

Received: 19-02-2013 / Accepted: 22-04-2013
Twenty eight maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of different origin were evaluated to select the drought tolerant lines as parents for hybrid maize breeding. These inbred lines was developed from the local open-pollinated cultivars and exotic gerplasm from China and America. To preliminarily identify drought tolerant inbred lines, the lines were grown in plastic pots.containing sterilized fine sand and the following tarits were observed: leaf area per plant, root volume, root length,, plant height, freshand dry root weight, and dry stem weight. The genes or QTLs associated with drought tolerance were analyzed using three specific SSR markers. Data analysis showed that root traits are correlated with yield under drought condition. And cound be considered as primary indicators to determine the drought-tolerance of maize. umc1862 marker was found to be associated with grain yield under stress condition (Ys), nc133 marker associated with the stress tolerance and umc 2359 associated with mean productivity. 28 inbred lines investigated have QTL controlling yield under strees and tolerance. Of these 14 lines that have QTL associated with strees tolerance index. Combining phenotypic evaluation and genetic markers, 5 lines, i.e. TP17, TP12, TP2, TP5 and TP24 are suggested for combining ability testing for future development of hybrid maize varieties with tolerance.
Effects of Drought on Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at Seedling Stage

Nguyen Viet Long, Vu Thi Hong, Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen The Hung, Dinh Thai Hoang

Received: 28-03-2014 / Accepted: 22-05-2014
This study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on several physiological and morphological traits of barley at seedling stage. Factorial experiment including 9 barley genotypes with constrasting salinity tolerance capacity at seedling stage, and 3 water regimes was laid out in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Drought was imitated by maintaining the soil moisture contents during 2 weeks since 14 days after sowing. The data were collected for plant height, the number of leaves, the number of tillers, leaf area and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that drought at seedling stage significantly reduced plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation of barley genotypes. BCC884 and BCC438 were best genotypes for drought adaptation. Using the characterized salt tolerance varieties, the results in the current study was used to discuss the relationship between drought and salinity tolerance ability at seedling stage. This could be useful information to research on physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic stress found in drought and salinity stress.
Evaluation and Screening of Maize Inbred Lines for Drought Tolerance Based on Phenotype and Molecular Markers

Nguyen Thi Han, Dong Huy Binh, Nguyen Van Giang, Vu Van Liet, Nguyen Quang Tuan, Vu Thi Bich Hanh

Received: 22-03-2016 / Accepted: 22-06-2016
Drought is one among the major abiotic stress factors severely limits maize grain yield production. Improving drought tolerance in maize has become one of the top priorities in maize breeding programs. Thirty two maize inbred lines and two check varieties were evaluated under field conditions and screened for drought tolerance under water stress conditions in the greenhouse. For drought evaluation, the first experiment was carried out using plastic pots exposed to drouhgt stress conditions. In the second experimen, thirty two inbred lines were planted at four planting dates startng from 2 March and successive planting after very ten days, in soil bed conditions and drought was imposed when plants of the first planting were at dough stage and the plants of other plantingss were at tassel and silking stage, at 12 collars stage and at 6 collars stage. Eleven and 14 inbred lines were identified as drought tolerant in pots experiment and in greenhouse soil bed, respectively. With the use of molecular marker, 20 inbred lines containing QTL related to drought tolerance were identified. Combining phenotypic evaluation and molecular markers, 11 inbred lines possessed desirable characters and drought tolerance, i.e. H4, H6, H14, H15, H17, H20, H23, H24, H28, H29 and H30. Drought tolerant inbred lines identified in this study can be utilized for future breeding programme.
The Responses of Maize Inbred Lines to Flooding Condition at Seedling Stage

Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen The Hung, Nguyen Van Cuong, Pham Quang Tuan

Received: 02-10-2013 / Accepted: 20-11-2013
The effects of flooding on growth and biomass accumulation of maize at the seedling stage was studiedin pot experiment in greenhouse conditions. Seedlings of eleven maize inbred lines were subjected to flood and control treatment for a period of one week. Growth in terms of root system, leaf area, leaf number, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, and dry matter of the plant were significantly reduced in flood stressed conditions. There was clear genetic variation inresponse to flooding stress among themaize inbred lines. Three inbred lines: CLT-T10, CLT- T83 and TB23 showed better tolerance to flooding condions. These inbred lines were recommended to use in further study at molecular level of response to flooding or to use in gerplasm improvement for flooding tolerance. The current study pointed out that there is a relationship between root development and flooding tolerance in maize. Root traits might be important to consider in maize improvement for flooding tolerance.
Evaluation ofSalt Tolerance of Newly Collected Rice Accessions

Nguyen Anh Dung, Vu Van Liet

Received: 27-11-2023 / Accepted: 07-03-2024
This study was carried out to evaluate agronomic characteristics, salttolerance and the presence of QTL Saltolof newly collected rice accessions throughfield experiment,artificial salinity treatment and molecular identification. The experiments on agronomic characteristics and salt tolerance were carried out according to the method of IRRI, 1997 and 2013 at the FieldCrops Research Institute, Gia Loc district, Hai Duong province whilemolecular marker analysis was conducted at Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam district, Ha Noi city. Theevaluation results showed that the rice accessions were diverse in growth duration, plant height, flag leaf length, and panicle length. Out of 39 accessions, 6 promising ones were selectedwith good salt tolerance: Lua soi, M3, HHZ8-SAL6-SAL3-SAL1, HHZ8-SAL6-SAL3-Y2, HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 and Hasawi IRGC 16817and 22 rice accessions carrying SaltolQTL. Thus, the selection of materials for breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties should combine the evaluation of agronomic characteristics with artificial salt tolerance assessment and molecular markers.
Evaluation ofSalt Tolerance of Newly Collected Rice Accessions

Nguyen Anh Dung, Vu Van Liet

Received: 27-11-2023 / Accepted: 07-03-2024
This study was carried out to evaluate agronomic characteristics, salttolerance and the presence of QTL Saltolof newly collected rice accessions throughfield experiment,artificial salinity treatment and molecular identification. The experiments on agronomic characteristics and salt tolerance were carried out according to the method of IRRI, 1997 and 2013 at the FieldCrops Research Institute, Gia Loc district, Hai Duong province whilemolecular marker analysis was conducted at Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam district, Ha Noi city. Theevaluation results showed that the rice accessions were diverse in growth duration, plant height, flag leaf length, and panicle length. Out of 39 accessions, 6 promising ones were selectedwith good salt tolerance: Lua soi, M3, HHZ8-SAL6-SAL3-SAL1, HHZ8-SAL6-SAL3-Y2, HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 and Hasawi IRGC 16817and 22 rice accessions carrying SaltolQTL. Thus, the selection of materials for breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties should combine the evaluation of agronomic characteristics with artificial salt tolerance assessment and molecular markers.
Evaluation on Drought Tolerance of Rice Lines with Indica Genetic Background Carrying Chromosome Segment Substitution from Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon)or Japonica

Pham Van Cuong, Doan Cong Dien, Tran Anh Tuan, Tang Thi Hanh

Received: 21-10-2014 / Accepted: 10-03-2015
Twenty chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from IR24 background (5 lines of Ruf ILs (IR24 × O. rufipogon), 15 lines of IAS (IR24 × Assominori - a Japonica cultivated rice) and IR24 were evaluated for drought tolerance at tillering stage. The 3-leaf seedlings were grown in Kimura B + 20% PEG6000 solution (drought treatment) or in Kimura B solution (non-drought treatment). The results showed that, the drought resistance index (DRI) correlated with the dry matter under drought and non-drought conditions with r = 0,614 and r = 0,604, respectively. The number of leaves, leaf area, root surface area, number of roots and root hairs in both CSSLs and IR24 were reduced in drought condition. But, there was no reduction in root numbers and root hairs numbers in CSSLs, which had higher DRI. The results also showed that, drought tolerance mechanism of IAS lines might involve the increase of root growth, water uptake and root-to-shoot water transport. However, the mechanism in Ruf ILs lines might involve the reduction of leaf number, leaf area and in company with increase of root growth and water uptake. These finding suggested that wild rice O. rufipogon and Asominori would be ideal materials for rice breeding for drought tolerance.
Physiological Chacracters of Some Peanut Vatieties (Arachis hypogaeaL.) with Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage

Pham Van Cuong, Dinh Mai Thuy Linh, Ha Thi Quynh, Tran Anh Tuan

Received: 03-01-2018 / Accepted: 18-04-2018
Seven genotypes of groundnut (DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4, HL11, HL22 and LDDL) provided by the Agricultural Genetics Institute were evaluated for growth and physiological characteristics under drought conditions at seedling stage. A pot-experiment in nethouse was arranged according to a completely randomized design. Drought stress was imposed on three true leaf seedlings (15 days after sowing) by withholdingt irrigation untill the soil osmotic pressure reached -80 KPa. Meanwhile, regular irrigation schedules were perfomed for maintaining the soil moisture at 70% saturation in the control and in non-drought periods. Drought stress inhibited growth and photosynthesis, transpiration and significantly reduced dry matter of groundnut at seedling stage and the inhibition varied with genotype. Three indexes showing close correlations with dry weight included drought susceptibility index (DSI); drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) and drought tolerant index (DTI) with correlation coefficients of r = -0.55 and -0.602, r = 0.55 and 0.83, and r = 0.53 and 0.98 at drought and recovery periods, respectively. The chlorophyll stability index (CSI) showed no correlation with dry weight and did not reflect drought tolerance. The results also showed that the genotypes HL22 and DM4 possessed higher drought tolerance comparing to the others.
Evaluation of Some Agrobiological Characteristics and Drought Tolerance of Imported Rice Lines in Thua Thien Hue province

Tran Minh Quang, Tran Dang Hoa, Truong Thi Hong Hai, Dinh Ho Anh, Tran Thi Phuong Nhung

Received: 05-11-2018 / Accepted: 25-12-2018
This study assesseddrought tolerance and some agro-biological characteristics of rice lines imported from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Thua Thien Hue province with experiments conducted in laboratory induced drought condition and on rice field with non-active irrigation. The results of laboratory induced drought experiment showedthat introduced rice lines from IRRI hadthe germination rate in the range of 39,57-89,67% when KClO3 2% solution was used, the radicle length variedfrom 0,64cm to 3,07cm. Some of varieties showedsignificant drought tolerance when there was no watering during seedling stage and branching stage. The results of experiments on field with no irrigation showedthat the introduced rice lines from IRRI hadgrowth duration varying from 111 to127 days and belonged to medium and long-day plant group; plant heights varyiedfrom 73,5 to 122,3cm; vegetative tiller was in the range of 9,2-21,2 tillers; effective tiller was 6-17tilers. The productivity factors and theoretical productivity were relatively high in some rice varieties. Most of the rice varieties showedgood adaptation to drought in the condition of non-active irrigation in Winter-Spring crop in Thua Thien Hue province.
Salinity Tolerance of Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)at The Fingerling Stage

Kim Van Van, Doan Thi Nhinh, Trinh Thi Trang

Received: 18-08-2015 / Accepted: 22-01-2016
To test the culturability in brackish water the experiment was carried out to evaluate the salinity tolerance of Black carp (Mylopharyngodonpiceus) at the fingerling stage. Fish at size of 45 ± 0,3 gram/individual were stocked in several 120L-buckets with stocking density of 15 fish/bucket. The experiment included in 2 trials: trial 1 was conducted to assess salinity tolerance without acclimation when putting Black carp fingerlings directly from fresh water into treatments with different salinity concentration of 0, 5, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20‰; trial 2 was designed similar to trial 1 but fish was acclimated in brackish water before putting into different salinity concentration treatments. The results showed that non-acclimation black carp have 100% survival rate at the salinity of 13‰, but 100% mortality after 102 hours at 15‰, 12 hours at 17‰ and 4 hours at 20‰. Similarly, in the trial 2 with acclimation condition, Black carp were alive 100% at the salinity 13‰ and died quickly at higher salinity levels. Comparison of trial 1 and trial 2 in both condition revealed that Black carp could adapt and grow well in the arrange of salinity from 0-13‰, but quickly died without acclimation at 15‰ and showed no significant differences at 17 or 20‰. The growth rate of Black carp fingerlings in salinity 0‰ was highest with7,9a ± 0,61(gram/fish/week) and in lowest in 13‰ salinity (5,6c ± 1,12 (gram/fish/week). Histological observation indicated that there was no change in shape and structure of gills and kidney at the salinity of 0, 5, 10, 13‰, but at the 15‰ fish gills were dehydrated and shrinked and the kidney was clustered.
Heterosis ofAgronomical and Physiological Characteristics Related to Flooding Tolerance in Maize (ZeamaysL.)

Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen Viet Long

Received: 10-11-2014 / Accepted: 22-07-2015
This study was conducted to investigatethe heterosis of agronomical traits relating to flooding tolerance in 10 maize hybrids derived from 7 parental inbred lines. The flooding treatments were applied artificially at seedling stage (3 - 4 leaves) in field conditions for one week. There was positive relationship of root length, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation and flooding tolerance ability in maize plant. Positive heterosis was found for SPAD, dry matter accumulation and grain yield under flooding stress conditions. Better growth and higher SPAD value under flooding conditions of D1xD3, D1xD4 and D2xD5 might contribute to the higher yields of these hybrids compared with others.
Recent Advances and Future Perspectives for the Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Rice BreedingUsing CRISPR/Cas9

Bui Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thi Hong, Chu Duc Ha, Ha Thi Quyen, Pham Phuong Thu, Phung Thi Thu Huong, Le Thi Ngoc Quynh, Nguyen Quoc Trung, Dong Huy Gioi, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Ninh Thi Thao

Received: 07-09-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is one of the most important staple crops that is widely cultivated in the world. Due to the critical role of rice in the global food security, great efforts have been made in order to develop new rice varieties with good agronomic traits, such as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a promising system for the improvement of various traits of crop plants because of its efficiency, simplicity, and versatility. In this mini review, we discussedthe applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to improve a wide range of traits in rice varieties adapted to unfavorable conditions. Specifically, a number of functional and regulatory genes that are associated with diseases (rice blast, bacterial blight) and pesticide resistance and abiotic stress(salinity, drought,and cold) tolerance havebeen functionally characterized via the mutants produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Additionally, the advances and limitations of using CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice plantswerediscussed. Taken together, our papercould provide a solid foundation for further application of genome editing tools in plant breeding for tackling climate change.
Salt Tolerance of Rice Varieties at the Germination and Seedling Stages

Vu Thi Xuan Nhuong, Nguyen Thien Minh, Dang Huu Tri, Nguyen Chau Thanh Tung, Huynh Ky, Ngo Thuy Diem Trang

Received: 23-02-2022 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
The study was conducted to evaluate salinity tolerance of four rice varieties, OM5451, IR29, OM18 and MTL316 at germination and seedling stages in four NaCl salinity concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6‰. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in the net house. Irrigation with 4-6‰ salinity solutions (EC = 7.4-10.1mS/cm) reduced germination rate and growth characteristics of four rice varieties at the germination and seedling stages, respectively. The shoot and root fresh weight of salt-treatment derived young seedlings and seedlings of OM5451 reduced less than the other three rice varieties as compared to the control (untreated seedlings). Na+content was accumulated mainly in the shoots. The results indicated that OM5451 had higher salt tolerance than other three rice varieties at both germination and seedling stages.
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Tomato Through Physiological Parameters and Proline Content

Nguyen Van Dinh, La Viet Hong

Received: 07-08-2014 / Accepted: 10-03-2015
Drought is an environmental factor that adversely affects growth and development of tomato. These experiments were designed to estimate drought tolerance of two tomato varieties (PT18 and VL3000) through physiological parameters and proline content at flowering and young fruit stages. The results showed that leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content of PT18 and VL3000 decreased and had lower level at both flowering stage and young fruit stage in comparison with the control. Proline content, in contrast, increased significantly at flowering and young fruit stage when exposed to water deficit.. PT18 appeared to be better drought tolerant than VL3000.
Results of Morphological Characteristics and Individual Yields of RiceAccessions on Artificially Dry Treated Conditions in Three Sensitive Stages

Vu Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Thi Nang

Received: 20-11-2013 / Accepted: 25-12-2013
Drought, as a result of global climate change, is the most important factor affecting food production and security worldwide. Although rice yields in irrigated areas have increased 2 to 3 times over last three decades, but the increase in rainfed farming was quite small. The experiment was conducted to evaluate drought tolerance in terms of agronomic and yields traits of 26 rice accessions including imported and local varieties and breeding lines at three critical stages: tillering stage 28 days after transplanting (Stage 1), booting stage 15 days before flowering (Stage 2) and 7 days after flowering (Stage 3). H2 , H8 , H13 , H14 , H22 , H27 , H32 , H41 , H42 , H43 , H45 and H52 were identified as drought tolerant at tillering stage; H8, H14, H16, H27, H41, H43 and, H45 at booting stage; and H8, H27, H41, H43, and H52 at flowering - ripening stagef. Combined with performance indicators and some other basic criteria, we initially selected 7 accessions H8 , H12 , H14 , H20 , H27 , H42 and H45 with drought tolerance and good yield potential for future breeding work.
Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Taro (Colocasiaesculenta(L.) Schott var. antiquorum) Cultivarsat the Early Vegetative Stage

Phan Thi Hong Nhung, Pham Van Cuong, Tang Thi Hanh, Tran Thi Minh Ngoc

Received: 02-05-2019 / Accepted: 30-05-2019
The pot experiments were carried out to evaluate growth and salt tolerance at early vegetative stageof five taro cultivars, viz. Tim Tua Chua, Trang Pu Nhung, Tim Moc Chau, Trang Thuan Chau and KS4,under four different salinity levels. Four-leaf plants were treated with four NaCllevelsof 0%,0.15%, 0.3%, and 0.45%for eight weeks. The results indicated that taro cultivars reponded differently to salinitylevel.Tim Moc Chau was the most salt tolerant cultivar, followed by Trang Pu Nhung, Trang Thuan Chau, and Tim Tua Chua, whereas KS4 was the most salt susceptible cultivar. The growth of cv. Tim Moc Chau was enhanced at0.15% NaCl and thiswas maintained atNaCl of 0.45% in 8 weeks. Shoot dry weight wasnot correlatedwith root dry weight but positively correlated with petiole length, leaf blade width and length, and plant canopy diameter.
Development of Submergence Tolerant Rice Lines for the Northern Region of Vietnam

Pham Van Tinh, Hoang Ba Tien, Tran Van Quang

Received: 14-03-2019 / Accepted: 07-05-2019
This study was carried out to evaluate agronomical characteristics, yield and submergence tolerance of inbredrice lines thathave been selected fromcross combinations betwwen purerice line and cultivars with lines carrying submergence tolerance gene Sub1. The field experiments were conducted at Gia Loc district, Hai Duong province. Out of 24 inbred lines, 6 promising ones selected possessed good characteristics,such as short growth duration, medium plantheight, short flagleaves, slight pestinfestation, high yield as well as with the high milled rice tohead riceratio, and low to moderate amylose content. Basedon PCR amplificationusing twoSSR primers SC3 and ART5, the resultsshowed that all lines carried the submergence gene Sub1. The most promising line,U1080,selected from the cross between TL6/and Swarna-Sub1 haddesirable growth duration, slight pest infestation, high yield and good eating quality. Thus,for the improvement of submergence tolerance, therice cultivars should be crossedwith the materialscarrying submergence tolerancegeneandindividuals selectionbe practicedin the segregatingpopulationfor furtherevaluation ofagronomical characteristics in both normal and flooding conditions.
Identification of Drought-tolerant Lines and Local Cultivars for Development Genetic Material and Rice Breeding for Rainfed Environment

Nguyen Thi Hao, Dam Van Hung, Pham My Linh, Vu Quoc Dai, Le Thi Hau, Dong Huy Gioi, Vu Van Liet

Received: 02-02-2013 / Accepted: 18-04-2013
Drought is a major constraint affecting rice production, especially in rainfed areas of mountainous regions of Vietnam. Development of drought tolerant varieties will improve rainfed rice production. Identification of drought-tolerance of the lines and local cultivars is useful for the development of genetic material and rice breeding for adaptation to rainfed environments. Forty two rice accessions were evaluated for germination and seedling characteristics by treatment of rice seed with KClO3. The plants were planted in PVC pipe to evaluate root length and root growth under well-watered and water-stressed environments. In addition, QTLs associated with root lengthen and root growth were analyzed using SSR markers. We have identified 11 accessiopns (lines and local cultivars) with drought tolerance. Three best drought tolerant accessions, 455 (Khau li on/Q5), 464 (Mua chua, Dien Bien) and 487 (Khẩu lếch, Bak Kan) are recommended for rice breeding program for rainfed environment.
Potential Roles of NAC Transcription Factor in the Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Crops: a Review

Pham Cong Tuyen Anh, Chu Duc Ha, Le Thi Ngoc Quynh, Nguyen Huu Kien, Pham Phuong Thu, Nguyen Quoc Trung, Nguyen Duc Bach, Nguyen Van Loc

Received: 06-07-2020 / Accepted: 27-04-2021
NAC transcription factors have been regarded as one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants. It has been demonstrated that NAC families played an important role in various biological processes in crops, particularly in abiotic stress response. This review summarizes the information of NAC families in numerous plant species. The functions of several NAC genes involving in the improvement of stress tolerance are discussed. Finally, some research orientations are proposed for further functional characterization of NAC gene for the crop breeding strategy adaptable to the climate change.
Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Some Local Varietiesof Cucumber(Cucumis sativusL.) under Drought at Seedling Stage

Tran Anh Tuan, Tran Thi Minh Hang

Received: 16-06-2016 / Accepted: 10-10-2016
Thisresearch was carried out to evaluate drought tolerance of 32 varieties of native cucumber in Vietnam. The seedlings were grown in pots containing 5 kg of mixture (soil + coconut fiber, ratio 1: 2) with basal fertilizerof CaO:N:P2O5: K2O with: 10: 2: 2: 1.5g, respectively, per pot. All pots were placed in a nethouse. The moisture of the pots were maintained at 80-85% of saturation at all time except at stress stage. In stress-treatment, watering of 2-expanded-leaf seedlings were withheld10 days, then watered again. The results showed that, drought reduced leaf number, leaf area, plant height, and shoot diameter in most non-tolerantvarieties ( low DRI). The drought-tolerant varieties (DRI> 1), had a slight reduction of leaf number but had a strong reduction of leaf area, that might help reduceevaporation. In these varieties, however,there was onlya slight reduction of shoot diameter that might notlimitwater-transportation. The result also showed that 13 varieties had good drought tolerance, which could be used as the materialsfor breeding of droughtresistance.
Evaluation of Diversity and Characteristics among Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) Exotic Germplasm in Vietnam Condition

Pham Thi Ngoc, Do Thi Du, Nguyen Thi Hue, Pham Thi Le, Vu Van Liet

Received: 11-07-2013 / Accepted: 07-05-2014
The agronomical characteristics and heat tolerance of twenty nine common bean accessions from USA were evaluated in two seasons: late spring and winter seasons in 2012 in Gialam, Hanoi. Most of the accessions showed short growth (55 to 80 days) suitable to cropping pattern of the Red RiverDdelta. There was a large variation in agronomical characteristics, such as plant height, number of leaves and branches, stem and flower color, fruit shape and grain size. The twining bean accessions had plant height from 180.5 to 306.0 cm while bush type accessions were three to five times shorter. Four accessions viz.CV44, CV54, CV59 and CV79 were heat torelant. Genetic similarity based on morphological characteristics and agronomic performance classified accessions into four separate groups with similarity coefficient of 0.18. Some accessions such as CV56 (107.52g), CV65 (145.91g), CV67 (116.28g), CV73 (191.35g), CV83 (117.28g), CV85 (117.77g) in green bean group and CV76 (52.0g) and CV77 (54.89g) in dry bean group had high yield in the winter season only. These accessions are potentialy useful for breeding programme with high yield.
Effect of Cold Stress at Germination Stage on the Growth of Selected Rice Lines Developed from the Cross between IndicaIR24 and JaponicaAsominori

Nguyen Van Loc, Tang Thi Hanh, Pham Van Cuong

Received: 05-05-2014 / Accepted: 18-07-2014
The present study aimed to estimate the effects of cold treatment on growth of 73 chromosome segment subtitution lines(CSSLs) of rice developed from the cross between IndicaIR24 and Japonica Asominori.The experiment was conducted in two plant growth chambers (capacity: 300 litters) with different temperature conditions: 130C (cold stress treatment) and 280C (control temperature). Seeds of 73 genotypes were germinated in cold stress and control temperature conditions in7 days and then cold recovery was done in normal condition (280C) for 3 days.All growth parameters such as coleoptile and radicle were lower under cold treatment than those under control condition. The results showed that cold stress reduced radicle length from 55 to 100% and coleoptile length from 82 to 100% and dry mater accumulation more than 60%.A close relationship was found between dry matter accumulation of coleoptile and cold tolerance. Ten potential lines were selected namely IAS 17, IAS 19, IAS 66, IAS 72, IAS 5, IAS 30, IAS 23, IAS 21, IAS 2 and IAS 26 which could be used as materials for rice breeding.
DEVELOPMENT OF RICE LINES (Oryza sativaL.) TOLERANT TO SUBMERGENCE VIA Sub1GENE INTRODUCTION INTO LANDRACES AND ELITE BREEDING LINES

Nguyen Thi Lang, Nguyen Thanh Hoa, Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Van Hieu, Nguyen Ngoc Huong, Bui Chi Buu, Russell Reinke, Tran Bao Toan, Abdelbagi M Ismail, Reiner Wassmann

Received: 08-10-2015 / Accepted: 11-03-2016
Development of rice genotypes tolerant to complete submergence in the Mekong Delta was carried out for three continuous years by CLUES Project fund. Eighty five high-yielding cultivars and eighty four progenies from backcrossing population (BC3F3) of OM1490/IR64 Sub1were used to study the yield components and submergence tolerance. Phenotyping was implemented at three stages: seedling, tillering and heading. Different segregation ratio and phenotypical variation indicated the complex genetic background. All genotypes have been evaluated under both submergence and non-submergence treatments. Correlation coefficient between the survival rate (%) and tiller number /10 hills was positively significant of 0.8880**. Marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) was exploited on chromosomes 9 to address ten molecular markers (SSRs). Of them, only three polymorphic SSRs really linked to the target QTLs. Marker-assisted selection helped identify elite lines, which would be breeding materials via three molecular markers on the target region viz. RM3269, RM5304 and RM1367 on chromosome 9. Three selected offspring lines from BC3F3population of OM1490/IR64 Sub1as 26, 38 and 50 exhibited good adaptation to submergence.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity Based on Phenotypes and SSR Markers and Evaluationof Drought Tolerance of Waxy Maize Inbred Lines for Developing Hybrid Varieties for Northern Moutainous Provinces

Le Thi Minh Thao, Nguyen Thi Anh, Tran Thanh Tan, Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Van Liet

Received: 24-02-2014 / Accepted: 10-06-2014
Assessing genetic diversity and heterotic grouping of 24 waxy maize inbred lines in S8 to S10 generations were performed using morphological characters and molecular markers (SSR). The field experiment was designed to identify the agronomical characteristics, namely growth duration, plant height, anthesis-silking interval, yield and yield components. Results showed that the maize inbred lines possessed agronomic characters suitable to develop single crosses. Based on genetic diversity analysis of morphometric traits, 24 inbred lines were grouped into six heterotic groups at similarity value of 0.25. Genetic diversity analysis of inbred lines by 19 SSR markers detected 19 loci with a total of 75 alleles and average of 4 alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.36 to 0.81. At genetic similarity value of 0.83, 24 inbred lines were divided into five groups. Of 24 lines tested, 5 lines, viz. I5, I9, I8, I23, I15 were identified to be drought tolerant. These lines belonged to the different heterotic groups and therefore they can be used for hybrid waxy maize breeding for drought prone environment such as rainfed farming condition for northern moutainous provinces.
Assessment of Probiotic Potential Characteristics Lactobacillus plantarumand Preliminary Application in the Production of Guava Juice

Nguyen Thi Lam Doan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy

Received: 27-03-2021 / Accepted: 04-05-2021
Probiotic beverage products derived from plants are increasingly interested in research. Guava is a fruit with high fiber, vitamin C content and contains many active antioxidants that are good for health. Lactobacillus plantarumis a safe lactic acid bacterium, widely used in food fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarumstrains. By measuring OD620nm, applying the agar punching method on the medium with the corresponding substrate supplementation, the diffusion on agar plates method. L. plantarumDH 7.12 was determined with good probiotic properties such as low stomach pH tolerance, bile salt tolerance, generate all 3 extracellular enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase), antagonist to pathogensEcoliand Salmonella. When L. plantarumDH 7.12 was added into guava juice with cell concentration 108 CFU/ml. The product was assured of organoleptic quality and the remaining amount of probiotic bacteria reached 107 CFU/ml after 28 days of storage at a temperature 5 ± 1C

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