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Factors Affecting the Carotenoid Production by Red Yeast RhodotorulaStrains used to Produce Carotene-rich Feed for Layers

Nguyen Thi Tuyet Le, Le Viet Phuong, Bui Quang Tuan, Bui Huy Doanh

Received: 15-06-2021 / Accepted: 02-07-2021
The objectives of this work were to select carotenoid-producing red yeast strains and assess the impact of various parameters such as temperature, pH, C and N sources on dry biomass and their carotenoid production. A total of 8 Rhodotorulastrains, viz. SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, SR5, SR6, SR7, SR8 were inoculated on Hansen broth at 30C/72h. The highest carotenoid producing yeast strains SR6 and SR7 (0.76 and 0.81 mg/gDM) were selected to further study the effect of inoculation percentages, temperature, pH, as well as C and N sources on growth and carotenoid production. The results showed that the two selected red yeast strains grew fast and produced the highest carotenoid when cultrured on liquid Hansen medium with 2% innoculation rate at 30C and pH 5.5. The optimum sources of N and Cfor red yeast culture medium were petptone and glucose, respectively. Corn meal and rice flour were chosen as the best substrates for solid fermentation.
Effect of Organic Rare Earth Elements in Diet on Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc, Bui Thi Hong, Cao Dinh Thanh, Ngo Van Tuyen, Vuong Huu Anh, Pham Kim Dang

Received: 22-06-2021 / Accepted: 16-08-2021
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the supplement of organic rare earth elememts (REE-citrate) in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The experiment was done according to a completely randomized design on 1,000 chicken from 1 day of age and divided equally males and females into 5 treatments (200 chicken/treatment) with 4 replicates as follows: treatment 1 (Control): basal diet (KPCS); treatment 2: KPCS + 50mg REE-citrate/kg feed; treatment 3: KPCS + 100mg REE-citrate/kg feed; treatment 4: KPCS + 150mg REE-citrate/kg feed; treatment 5: KPCS + 200 mg REE-citrate/kg feed. Results showed that supplementation of 150 and 200mg REE-citrate/kg feed improved daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers from 1 day of age to slaughter by 4.77-12.47% and 4.48-12.60%, respectively. Supplementation of REE-citrate did not affect the carcass characteristics and broiler meat quality, however, the level of 200mg REE-citrate/kg feed decelerated pH value in breast meat after 24 hours.
Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Migrant Workers: A Case Study in Hoan Son Commune, Tien Du District, Bac Ninh Province

Dong Thanh Mai, Nguyen Mau Dung, To The Nguyen, Vu Tien Vuong

Received: 05-05-2021 / Accepted: 10-06-2021
Migrant workers are one of the people groups most vulnerable and affected by the Covid-19Pandemic. Measuring the impact of the Covid-19pandemic on migrant workers' employment and well-being was the goal of this study. A survey of 114 migrant workers living in Hoan Son commune, Tien Du district, Bac Ninh province showed that 70% of workers were affected due to job loss or job reduction, 86% suffered income reduction and reduced spending or change of the living condition. The study showed that the migrant worker group, although heavily affected by the pandemic, did not received enough relief from the VND62,000 billion package as well as the attention of the local government. The solutions to minimize the negative impact of the Covid-19pandemic on migrant workers are to control well the pandemic and simplify the conditions and procedures for migrant workers to receiving the social security package. The local government needs to pay more attention to the migrant workers and the workers need to be proactive in adapting better by themselves.
Factors Influencing The Quality of Vocational Training for Rural Labors: Theories, Practices and Lessons for Vietnam

Nguyen Van Luong, Nguyen Van Song

Received: 16-03-2021 / Accepted: 23-06-2021
Vocational training for rural laborers plays an important role in transforming the labor structure, the economic structure, contributingto the implementation of plans for socio-economic development, hunger eradication, poverty reduction, and social security assurance. The objective of the article was to synthesize theoretical and practical issues about improving the quality of vocational training for rural laborers. The study analyzed 3 factors of the quality of vocational training and 7 factors influencing the quality of vocational training for rural laborers, including system of policies and strategies; organization and management system; the degree of openness of the vocational training system; teacher; infrastructure; financial resources and budget; quality assurance. In addition, the study has synthesized typical practical bases related to vocational training in the country and internationally, thereby drawing lessons from experience in Vietnam.
Assessment of the Efficiency of Agricultural Land use in Krong Pa District, Gia Lai Province

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quyen, Dang Xuan Trung

Received: 25-08-2020 / Accepted: 02-03-2021
Agricultural production is an area where land is the main means of production. Therefore, the comparison and selection of land use types (LUTs) suitable for land conditions is an objective requirement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural production land uses in Krong Pa district to support farmers to select LUTs conformed to the region's natural conditions through the survey, interview households methods on economic, social and environmental aspects. Results showed that the land-use efficiency was at a medium level with rice, corn, cassava, tobacco, and a high level with cashew. In the future, farmers should focus on applying organic fertilizers, using drought-resistant cultivars to increase land-use efficiency and enhance the income of farmers in Krong Pa district.
QTL Mapping for Agronomical Traits of VietnameseRice Landraces (Oryza sativaL.)

Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, Nguyen Trung Anh, Nguyen Quoc Trung, Pham Van Cuong

Received: 10-06-2020 / Accepted: 10-08-2020
Inattempts to generate high-yield and good-quality rice varieties to ensure food security in the context of reducing rice-growingareasdue to the urbanization process and the current agricultural restructuring in Vietnam, the genetic informationof rice landracesat the molecular level is essential. In this study, QTLs were identified with some agronomic traits inrice varieties being grown in Vietnam by analysing data of plant height, number of tillers and total dry weightand QTL Cartographer version 2,5soft ware. The result showed 12 QTLs for plant height, number of tillers and total dry weight onthechromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 and 10. The QTL for plant height on chromosome 2 was the QTL with a high LOD value and ahigh percentage of phenotypic variation explained by 5.23 and 39.81%, respectively. This QTL has been identified in several other independent researches. These results might provide useful information for rice breeders and will be an important basis for further research to identify genes that regulate plant height traits in rice varieties grown in Vietnam.
Factors Affecting Residential Land Prices in Vinh City, Nghe An Province

Tran Thai Yen, Nguyen Thanh Tra

Received: 22-10-2020 / Accepted: 11-12-2020
The study aimed to determine the impact of these factors on residential land prices in Vinh City and to propose some recommendations when determining residential land prices. Secondary data were collected from functional departments in Vinh city. The primary data were collected through surveys of 181 people related to the establishment and appraisal of residential land prices. The data were analyzed through Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis and linear regression models by software SPSS 20.0 and Amos 24.0. There were 28 factors belonging to 9 groups of factors included in the regression model that had an impact on residential land prices with the impact rate from 4.43% to 17.23%, respectively. When determining residential land prices, it is necessary to pay attention to the impact of the groups of factors on residential land prices such as the relationship between supply and demand of land use rights; plot location; rate of urbanization and urbanization speed in the present and the future etc., to determine the appropriate price of residential land in each stage of the urbanization process and harmonize the interests of the State and land users and organizations related to land use rights in Vinh city, Nghe An province.
Effects of Tumeric Powder as a Dietary Supplementon the Performance and Immunityof Weaned Piglets

Cu Thi Thien Thu, Dam Thi Dung

Received: 24-08-2020 / Accepted: 07-12-2020
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of turmeric powder in the diet on the growth performance, diarrhea rate and some immune parameters of weaned piglets. The study was performed on 60 weaned piglets of Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace) hybrid. The animals were divided into 4 completely randomized groups: control group (ĐC) used only the basal diet, no turmeric powder added, and experimental group 1 (TN1) used basal diet added 0.1% turmeric powder (1g turmeric powder/kg food) turmeric powder, experimental group 2 (TN2) used the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% turmeric powder and experiment 3 (TN3) used the basal diet with 0.5% turmeric powder supplementation. After 4 weeks of testing, the results showed that the final body weight of pigs in group TN3 with turmeric powder supplemented at 0.5% was heavier than that in groups TN1 and TN2 using turmeric powder at 1 and 0.3%, respectively. The supplementation of turmeric powder to the diet significantly reduced diarrhea rate of weaned piglets (P <0.05). The study results also showed that turmeric powder in the diet did not affect on feed intake and serum IgA, IgG, Interferon antibody concentration.
Evaluation of the Real Situation’ Public Land Fund Management in the Gialam District, Hanoi City

Pham Phuong Nam, Pham Van Ha, Phan Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thu Huong

Received: 26-05-2020 / Accepted: 27-08-2020
The study aimed to evaluate the advantages, limitations and causes of public land fund management in Gia Lam district and propose solutions to improve public land fund management. Secondary data were collected at the Gia Lam District People's Committee. Primary data were collected from 90 households renting public land and 48 officials and civil servants. Evaluation of public land fund management according to criteria such as the publishing of land use planning; area, land lease term; land lease procedures; human resources, facilities for public land fund management, the tenant's sense of law observance etc. It was shown that Gia Lam district had 270.31 ha of public land, 216.31 ha leased, accounted for 80.02% of the total public land area. The vast majority of land tenantswell observed the land law, but still a number of people engaged in land encroachment and encroachment; used the leased land for wrong purposes; illegally transferring land; late payment of land rent, etc., The majority of cadres and civil servants had professional qualifications to meet job requirements; the payroll of cadastral cadres in many communes was lacking; Acceptable facilities to meet job requirements. In order to better manage the public land fund, it is necessary to complete the work of leasing public land fund; strictly handle acts of encroaching on, occupying or using land for wrong purposes, illegally transferring public land; promote the dissemination of the land law, inspect, examine, and sanction administrative violations of land; strengthening human resources to manage the public land fund.
Evaluation of Agro-Biological Characteristics of some Cassava (Manihot EsculentaCrantz) Materials in Field Conditions and Screening of the Resistance to CMV in Artificial Infection

Hoang Thi Thuy, Tran Thi Thanh Ha, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Nguyen Van Ha, Duong Thi Loan, Vu Van Liet

Received: 11-02-2020 / Accepted: 11-08-2020
This study was conducted to evaluate some agro-biological characteristics of 14 domestic and exotic cassava materials in Gia Lam, Hanoi condition, and to evaluate the resistance of the materials through artificial infection experiments by the transplanting method. The material was grown in the field in a sequential experiment without repeating, tracking some agro-biological characteristics. The materials were havested after 8-11 months. The plant height of the materials ranged from 165.2-183.2cm, there are 8 materials with branching height. Most materials have only 1 stem/cluster, CM15, CM21 had 2 stems/cluster and CM60 had 3 stems/cluster. The number of tubers/tree varies from 4.3-15.8 tubers/tree. The highest weight of fresh tubers was obtained CM15 (5.0 kg/tree) and 2 control varieties (5.26-5.82 kg/tree). Using the tranplanting method, evaluated after 2 weeks, 40 successful transplanted trees of 13 materials were evaluated. Genotyping of these transplanted trees was checked by JSP1/JSP2 and JSP1/JSP3 primers detected the presence of ACMV in plants of 8 materials (CM2, CM3, CM8, CM15, CM20, CM60, KM140 and KM94). Assessing the level of infection after 3 months of transplantation, the group of resistant and highly resistant varieties were identified including CM15, CM16, CM21, CM60, CM88, CM50, CM61 and KM94.
Phenotypes and Molecular Markers Studies on Selected Sweet Corn Inbred Linesfor Fruit Corn Breeding

Nguyen Trung Duc, Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh, Vu Van Liet

Received: 11-02-2020 / Accepted: 26-06-2020
The objective of this study was to distinguish genetic diversity of 44 sweet corn inbred lines developed by selfing at S3-4 generation from exotic germplasmsofThailand, Japan, China for hybrid fruit corn breeding. The research was laid out on a RCBD design at the Crop Research and Development Institute in spring season 2018. The results showed that 44 inbred lines could be grouped into 8 distinct agronomical groups with genetic similarity of 0.16. The Brix degrees (representative for sugar content) showed strongly significant negative correlated with 1,000 grain weight (r = -0.8579**). SSR marker can be used for identify pericarp thickness of sweet corn inbred lines with high accuracy. Seventeen sweet corn inbred lines D18, D27, D12, D15, D13, D41, D20, D38, D29, D39, D9, D26, D19, D24, D8, D10, D43 were sellected have oBrix from 13.5 to 23.8, thickness of pericarp from 44.5µm to 81.9µm and marketable husk yield from 6.7 to 9.7 ton/ha. These lines can be used for sweet inbred lines development for hybrid fruit corn breeding program.
Individual Customers' Assessment on Digital Banking Service Quality at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam, Thanh Do Branch, Hanoi City

Han Hoang Long, Nguyen Phuong Le, Nguyen Thi Bich Diep

Received: 19-05-2023 / Accepted: 29-06-2023
This article aimed to analyze individual customers' evaluations of digital banking service quality in terms of security, responsiveness, convenience and incentives for customers. The primary data was collected from 200 customers who have been using digital services of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV) Thanh Do Branch. Analytical methods are mainly descriptive statistics, comparison, and ranking. The research results show that the Branch's digital banking service quality was rated at a good level by customers. Among the components that make up the quality of digital banking services, security was rated lowest (3.57/5 points), transaction accuracy and convenience were rated highest (4.08/5 points). In order to improve the quality of digital banking services in the coming years, the branch needs to implement synchronous solutions such as improving the banking data management system, cooperating with Fintech companies to increase security, improving the quality of human resources, innovating technology and promoting communication activities on digital banking services.
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) Seedlings under Drought Stress

Nguyen Thi Phuong Dung, Pham Tuan Anh, Tran Anh Tuan

Received: 16-12-2015 / Accepted: 15-08-2016
The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of salicylic acid (SA, 0,25mM and 0.50mM) on growth of cucumber under drought stress imposed by PEG - 6000. Drought markedly reduced growth and development of seedlings, but exogenously applied SA significantly increased plant growth both in drought and non - drought conditions. The increased growth was found for plant height,leaf number, leaf areaandleaf area index, shoot and root dry matter, and chlorophyll aandchlorophyll b content in drought stress applied with 0.25mM SA and 0,50mM SA+ PEG in comparison with those in drought conditions without SA application. In addition, exogenous application of SA lowered the increase inproline contentandMDA, butthe negative effect of drought on H2O2content and Fv/Fm index was notsignificantly ameliorated. Applicaion of0.5 mM SA showed a better effect than 0.25 mM SA.
Selecting Chilli Varieties Adapted to Autumn - Winter Season in Quynh Phu District, Thai Binh Province

Dang Tien Dung, Pham Tien Dung, Do Thi Huong

Received: 19-03-2020 / Accepted: 12-08-2020
This study aims to identify the optimal chilli variety for growing in the Autumn Winter season in Quynh Phu distric, Thai Binh province. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth rate and production from 3 varieties of chili (An Dien 101, Sakata 508 and GL1-6) raised at differences of land at An ap commune (low land), Quynh Minh commune (medium land); and at An Quy commune (high land), respectively. The experiments were designed in the Autumn-Winter season in 2017, 2018 using the RCBD method with 3 replications. The results showed that GL1-6 variety exhibited the optimal growth in all land types, the growth period was ranged from 139-143 days, harvest time time is earlier and concentrated in short period, low rate of disease infection, the net yield is higher than other two varieties, reached 9.81-10.96 tons/ha. Net profit reached 297.355-331.755 million/ha. The labor-day-value reached 920.000 VND/day and the capital efficiency is 13.61 times, higher than 47.48-48.27% compared to that of the control variety (G3) (in 2017). Although the high yield was obtained in 2018, prices of chilli was dropped, the highest net profit obtained for G2 variety, 41.614 million VND/ha to 58.864 million VND/ha. The Labor Day value reached 350.000 VND/day, the capital efficiency reached 5.13 times compared to investation, higher than that of G3 variety from 18.55% to 38.4%.
Selection of some Suitable Crop Varieties for Growing in the Coastal Area of Thanh Hoa Province

Nguyen Trong Trang, Vu Dinh Hoa, Ha Thi Thanh Binh

Received: 25-05-2020 / Accepted: 03-08-2020
The objectives of the present study were to identify and select appropriate varieties of rice, soybean, peanut and mungbean for introduction to crop rotation in the cropping systems of the coastal area of Thanh Hoa province. In this study, five varieties of each crop (quality rice for spring, soybean for rice-based farming, peanut for spring and mungbean for summer-autumn), were evaluated in replicated trials in three successive cropping seasons (2015-2017) in Nga Son and Hoang Hoa districts. Rice variety Thai Xuyen 111, NAS-S1 soybean, L26 peanut and mungbean ĐX 16 were selected to substitute for/or supplement the varieties being widely grown. In the on-farm pilot demonstration in 2017, selected varieties (Thai Xuyen 111; NAS-S1; L26 and DX16) produced higher yield and brought about higher economic returns compared with the widely grown varieties (TH7-2; DT84; L14 and Dau tam). It was suggested that the legume crops be scaled up in the cropping system for environmental objective and sustainable farming.
Orientationof Planning for the Applied Hi-Tech Agricultural Zonesin Luong Tai District, Bac Ninh Province

Do Van Nha, Nguyen Tho Hoang, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Khac Viet Ba, Nguyen Van Thao

Received: 08-04-2020 / Accepted: 27-06-2020
Developing applied high-tech agriculture is the indispensable trend in the current period. However, the orientations of planning for the applied high-tech agricultural zones are different in each locality and specific development period. The objective of this study was to plan the applied high-tech agricultural zones in line with land potential, creating the space for enterprises and farmers to invest in the agricultural sector in Luong Tai District. Various methods were used in this study such as land evaluation method, data investigation and processing method etc. The results showed that the rice crop was the main crop with 9186 ha, after that vegetable crops with roughly 2646 ha, then other crops. The results of land evaluation indicated that 52 land mapping units were created by overlapping 6 thematic maps. The land suitability shows that the rice, vegetable crops had a high level of suitability at S1 and S2.Based on the results of land evaluation, the needs and the abilities of Luong Tai district, 145 agricultural zones with 1022 ha should be planed for the applied high-tech agricultural zones in the district in coming time of 2030.
Study on Efficiency of Agricultural Land Use in Nghi Truong Commune, Nghi Loc District, Nghe An Province

Do Thi Tam, Nguyen Thi Hai

Received: 24-04-2013 / Accepted: 20-06-2013
In the study, random sampling method is used by selecting 90 households from three hamlets to analyze the efficiency of crops, cropping systems and some land use types (LUTs) in Nghi Truong commune. Currently, there are 5 LUTs and 15 land utilazation types. Fruit LUT has the lowest economic efficiency with a added value of 15.55 mil.VND per hectare which is only 0,08 times as high as that of Aquaculture LUT and 0,25 times as high as that of paddy rice–upland crops LUT. Aquaculture LUT has the highest economic efficiency with a added value of 188.95 mil. VND per hectare which is 8.5 times as high as that of paddy rice LUT and 3 times as high as that of paddy rice–upland crops LUT. Some land utilazation types which require high labor investment and added value are fish and watermelon - winter rice – vegetables. The ratio of N:P:K fertilizer used for crops was unbalanced compared to the standard. Most types of pesticides were used with excessive levels in comparison with the instructions on their packs.
Effects of Shading Regimes on Growth, Yield and Quality of Glinus oppositifolius(L.) A. DC

Vu Thi Hoai, Ninh Thi Phip

Received: 25-02-2020 / Accepted: 26-05-2020
The present study aimed to identify the suitable shading regimes for growth, yield, and quality of Glinus oppositifolius(L.) A. DC. was performed. Four shading regimes were selected and tested in this study, viz:(1) Non-shading, (2) 25% shading, (3) 50% shading, (4) 75% shading in Summer and Spring crops in Gia Lam, Ha Noi. The results showed that in the Summer crop (stronger light intensity), the plants grown in 25% shading regime was higher than those in other regimes, obtained higher dry mass yields (2.52 tons/ha); especially, obtained the highest active component yield (73.08 kg/ha saponin; 3.36 kg/ha vitamin C and 766.84 kg/ha extracts). In contrast, shading of Glinus oppositifoliusplants in the Sspring crop was not effective. In the first period of growth, low light intensity and shading reduced the ability of plant growth and development. Without shading in the Spring crop, the plants growed, developed best and gave the highest dry mass (2.76 tons/ha), saponin (71.76 kg/ha; vitamin C (3.63 kg /ha) and extracts (754.86 kg/ha), respectively.
Evaluating Economic Efficiency of Coffee Production Based on Water Saving Techniques in Central Highland: A Case Study in Cu M’gar District, DakLak Province

Nguyen Phuong Le, Nguyen Hai Duong

Received: 19-03-2020 / Accepted: 06-06-2020
Drought and conventional irrigation methods are considered as reasons that make coffee growers face with water shortage more frequent and increasingly serious level in the Central Highlands. Applying water-saving technologies in coffee production has become an urgent need than ever. This study aimsto make an overviewthe types of coffee irrigation technologies being used; assess the economic efficiency of coffee production using economical irrigation technology and identify factors that hinder the application of economical irrigation technology for coffee in Cu M’gar district. Data which have been collected from 33 coffee producing households applying the irrigation technology (overall survey) and 30 coffee producing households using traditional irrigation technology (random sampling) in the study area showedthat water-saving techniqueshave brought higher economic efficiency compared toconventional ones. However, the households who have applied water-saving techniquesin the district are still very low, mainly due to the lack of investment capital, limited awareness of the producers and ineffective transferring activities.
Effect of Resources on Incomes of Agricultural Households in Thanh Hoa Province: A Case Study at Tho Xuan and Ha Trung Districts

Chu Thi Kim Loan, Nguyen Van Huong

Received: 13-03-2015 / Accepted: 08-09-2015
The overall objective of the paper was to describe the existing situation of resources and their effects onincomes of agricultural households in Thanh Hoa province through a casestudy at Ha Trung and Tho Xuan districts. The primary data were collected throughthe survey of 80 agricultural households and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The survey results showedthat labor quality, productive land and capital of the households were quite low. Average income of the households wasabout VND 72 millionper year, especially the income from salary and wages contributes a significant share in the household income. Land size, quantity and educational level of labor, and value of production means werepositively correlated withthe household income, wherebythe land size exerted highest impact. In addition, the accessibilityto credit, gender of household head and geographical location also significantly affected the household income.
Hydrostatic Power Split Transmission Test Band for Agricultural Tractor

Pham Duy Suy, Han Trung Dung, Minh Hoang, Bui Hai Trieu

Received: 20-03-2020 / Accepted: 12-05-2020
Due to the advantages of continuously variable transmission and high efficiency, hydrostatic power-split transmission (HPST) shows the applicability on the agricultural tractor. This is also shown in some theoretical research results. However, practical tests are needed to evaluate the power-split transmission configuration for the operating principle and dynamics properties for the next design goal. This article introduces the experimental model (test band) of a HPST built at the Department of Dynamics, Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The test band consists of a drive motor, a HPST, load generator and modern data processing and measuring equipment. The model can be used to reproduce the operating principle and to study the static and dynamic properties of the HPST, as the basis for control strategies in working conditions of agricultural tractors.
EFFECTS OF YEAST STRAINS, pH AND FERMENTATION TEMPERATURE ON WINE MADE FROM RhodomyrtustomentosaFRUIT (MANG DEN, KONTUM PROVINCE)

NguyenMinh Thuy, Nguyen Phu Cuong, Nguyen Thi My Tuyen, Dinh Cong Dinh

Received: 24-10-2013 / Accepted: 24-02-2014
The effects of yeast strains, fermentation temperature and pH on quality of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa wine were examined. At ambient temperature (28±2oC), the fermentation was induced by inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated, purified and screened from sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) and pineapple juice in comparison with commercial yeast (initial populations of yeast raging from 104107 cells/ml). The medium was adjusted before fermentation to five different pH values (3.44.2). The effect of fermentation temperature (20 and 28±2°C) on strain population was also studied. The resulting wines were chemically analyzed. Pure cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from sugar palm significantly yielded in ethanol production higher than other strains in the fermentation at 28±2°C.. Yeast strains performed better at low temperatures with high alcohol yield. At 20±2°C, the fermentation was dominated by the growth of S. cerevisiae in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa juice with maximum ethanol concentrations (13.43%Vol.) The methanol and SO2 concentrations met the Vietnamese Standards (QCVN 6-3 2010/BYT). In addition, the total acid, ester and aldehyde concentration were also low.
Vietnamese Consumers’ Awareness of Organic Foods: A Case Study in Hanoi City

Ngo Minh Hai, Vu Quynh Hoa

Received: 02-07-2016 / Accepted: 22-09-2016
Expanding the market share of organic foods faces many difficulties in developing countries like Vietnam. One of the most important reasons is inadequate perception of organic foods due to limited information. The study examined Vietnamese consumers’ perception, and identified factors affecting the awareness of organic foods in the country. We interviewed 203 consumers randomly chosen at big supermarkets in Hanoi city. Through using descriptive statistics and applying ordered logit model, our study showed that only about 10% of the consumers had adequate awareness of organic food, while a half only heard of it but did not understand about organic term. Forty percent of remaining people have never heard of organic foods. Specific factors affecting the Vietnamese consumers’’ perception of organic foodare the product origin/label, food safetyevaluation and consumers’, education, age and occupatio.
EffectofFly Ash on Organic Substrates andGrowth ofGerbera jamesonii

Nguyen Thi Minh, Nguyen Tu Diep, Pham Minh Hieu

Received: 12-06-2023 / Accepted: 07-03-2024
The purpose of this study was to determinethe effect offly ash ontheorganic substratesfor growing flower and ornamental plants in order to effectivelyreuse theagricultural and industrialwaste sources. The fly ash was added into rawmaterials toproduce organic substrate at different rates: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and incubated by the semi-aerobic method. The results indicated that the organic substrate from agricultural by-products supplemented with fly ash had goodnutritional content, limited presence of E. coliand Salmonella, withneutral pH, and acceptable heavy metal content(notexceeding QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT standard) that ensures the growth and development of flowersand ornamentalplants. The experiment of growing Gerbera jamesoniion organic substrates supplemented with fly ash showed a cleareffect on growth rate, harvested yield, and the number of flowers harvested in the treatment supplemented with 15% fly ash with 1.75 flowers higher than the control without fly ash supplement 40%. Thefly ash rate of 10-15% appeared as appropriate range to add to the compost pile of organic substrates, of which 15% was most efficient for the growth of Gerbera jamesoniiand reduction of expenses during the crop care.
Genetic Diversity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. Accessions Collected in Hanoi and Hung Yen Province

Pham Thi Ngoc, Ngo Thi Hong Tuoi, Nguyen Thi Bich Hong, Doan Thu Thuy

Received: 05-12-2022 / Accepted: 18-04-2023
The study aims to evalute for morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of hibiscus. Twenty-four Hibiscus accessions collected in Hanoi and Hung Yen provinces (denoted as DB1 - DB24) were evaluated based on 12 morphological markers and 9 molecular markers (SSR and ISSR). The resutls showed that Hibiscus accessions exhibited significant variation in leaf morphology and flower colors, with 5 flower color groups, i.e white, pink, yellow, orange and red. The red color was predominant with 9 accessions. The genetic diversity analysis using 12 morphological characteristics grouped hibiscus accessions into 5 groups at similarity coefficient of 0.55 similarity, of which DB4 and DB20 were in each separate group. Nine molecular markers SSR and ISSR produced 33 allenswith average of 3.67 allens/markers and all were polymorphic. PIC values ranged from 0.05 to 0.47 in which HB15 marker had the highest PIC value. With the similarity coefficient at 0.64, 24 accessions were divided into 3 distinct clusters.

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