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Knowledge, Attitude and Application of Safety Measures in Pesticide Use: A Case of Tea Farmers in Binh Thuan Commune, Dai Tu District, Thai Nguyen Province

Nguyen Thi Bich Yen, Nguyen Manh Duy

Received: 15-07-2019 / Accepted: 17-10-2019
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and levels of application of safety measures in the use of pesticides by tea farmers. Primary data were collected by interviewing 60 tea farmers using a structured-questionnaire in Binh Thuan commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province. The survey results showed that the tea farmers still hadlimited knowledge of toxicity groups of pesticides based on information on pesticide containers and how to treat pesticide containers after use. The tea farmers hada high level of interest in the harmful effects of pesticides on human health, but only on an average level of environmental damage, especially for natural enemiesbeneficial for crops. The research results also showed that people hadapplied relatively good safety measures in pesticide use, except still regularly poured the waterfrom washingpesticide sprayer into canals or ponds and occasionally discarded pesticide containers after use right on the tea farms where the pesticideswereprepared for spraying. The gender of the household heads, participation in training, area of agricultural landand household income from agriculturewere the factors affecting the knowledge, attitudes and levels of application of safety measures in pesticide use on tea farms.These results provide necessary information to local authorities and relevant organizations in deciding suitable pesticide management measures to protect the human health and the environment.
Use of Microbial Formulations to Produce Bio-Organic Fertilizer from Mushroom Culture Residues and Chicken Manure

Nguyen Van Thao, Nguyen Thi Lan Anh, Nguyen Thi Minh, Nguyen Thu Ha, Do Nguyen Hai

Received: 18-08-2015 / Accepted: 09-11-2015
A study was conducted to identify suitable microbial formulation for producing bio-organic fertilizer from mushroom culture residues and chicken manure. Tendays after composting, the temprature in the middle of the compost mix inoculated withCPVSV3 (CT3) ranged from 51 to 56oC, higher than thosein other treatments andremained for5 to 7 days. After 30 days, the C/N ratio was lowest in the CT3 (13.64) while the amounts of total N (1.04%), available phosphorus (187,9 mg/100g) and potassium (416,2 mg/100g) were higherthan those in othertreatments. The microbial formulationCPVSV3 helpedrestrict the growth of E.coliand Salmonellaand increased thenumber of amonium and cellulose decomposingbacteria. The concentrationof heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the bio-organic fertilizer were much lower compared toVietnamese standard. The actual yield of baby bok choy (Brassica rapa ssp.Chinensis) applied withmicro-organic fertilizer reached 1.18 kg/m2, higher than that in traditional manure application.The amounts of As, Cd, Pb, Hg as well as number of E.coli, Salmonellain baby bok choy were also lower than Vietnamese standard set by the Ministry of Health. The results suggested that the microbial formulationCPVSV3 is suitable for handling the mushroomculture residueand chicken manure mix toproducebio-organic fertilizer for safe agricultural production.
Effect of Bioproduct of Purple Photosynthetic Bacteriaon Environmental Quality of Pond under Intensive Tilapia Farming

Do Thi Lien, Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong, Nguyen Thi Bien Thuy, Do Thi To Uyen, Dinh Duy Khang

Received: 25-03-2014 / Accepted: 26-04-2014
The biological characteristics and classification of purple photosynthetic bacteria formulation consisting of three strains with high sulfide removal activity were studied. Of the three strains, two strains belong to species Rhodobacter sphaeroides denoted as QN71 and QN52 and the other to Rhodovulum sulfidophillum denoted as TH21. The use of purple photosynthetic bacteria formulation forclearly improved water quality of intensive tilapia farming pond environment. BOD3 concentration significantly reduced from 9.6-9.8 mg/l to 3.2-3.4 mg/l after 2.5 months, while BOD3 concentration gradually increased in the control. H2S concentration in water decreased from 0.03-0.04 mg/l down to 0 nilll and the concentration in sludge decreased from 5.4-6.67 mg/g to 3.5-4.5 mg/g. In two control ponds H2S concentration in water increased from 0.03 mg/l to 0.06 mg/l and in the sludge increased from 5.2 mg/g to 5.8 mg/g (DC1) and 6.4 mg/g (DC2). Using bioproducts of purple photosynthetic bacteria contribute to good effect to speed growth and development of intensive culture of tilapia.
RESEARCH ON THE CHANGE OF 2-AP AND OTHER VOLATILE COMPOUNDSIN PROCESSING BUN FROM RICE

Phan Phuoc Hien, JD Park, Truong Thi Bich Lieu

Received: 29-05-2012 / Accepted: 15-09-2012
Vermicelli is the traditional dish of Vietnam which is the main material to prepare “Hue Beef rice vermicelli” (Bun bo Hue), a very famous specialty originated from Huecity, the former imperial capital of Vietnam. Flavor and taste are important attributes of vermicelli. This study was carried out to determine the change in 2-AP and other volatile compounds as influenced by different durations of soaking rice in water during vermicelli processing. In order to identify and quantify the amount of 2-AP and other volatile compounds 2-AP extracted from pandan leaves was used as standard. Results indicated that 2-AP and other volatile compounds clearly changed in the vermicelli processing process and soaking for 12 hours was recommended.
Research on Processing of Beverage from Pomelo and Aloe

Tran Thi Dinh, Nguyen Thi Nhung, Tran Thi Lan Huong, Dao Thien, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy

Received: 29-05-2012 / Accepted: 28-08-2012
At present, fruit juiceproductionis interested by many companies in Vietnam, and also preferedby consumers due to its high nutritional values and bioactive compounds which are beneficial for health. In this paper we study the processing of beverage from Nam Roi pomelo and aloe, two materials possessing lots of appealing properties for human healthand arecheap and available. Treatment regimes to remove the bitter taste of pomelo and retainthe crunchy structure of aloe gel includeblanching in hot water, at 90oC for 5 min, then immersing in 1.5% CaCl2for 60 minutes. Suitable treatment for pomelo was blanching in 1% NaOH at 75oC for 30s. Optimal conditions for activity of enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL to increase the yield of pomelo juice were enzyme concentration of 0.03%, temperature of 40°C for 60 min. The ratio of aloe/ pomelo juice was 1/20. The results of this research open up the possibility for the production of functional drinks from pomelo and aloe.
Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenoloxidase Inhibitory Activity of Edible Plants in Viet Nam

Nguyen Xuan Duy, Ho Ba Vuong

Received: 24-04-2013 / Accepted: 12-06-2013
Six edible plants in Vietnam were selected to investigate antioxidant and polyphenoloxidase inhibitory activity, including Camelliasinensis, Piper betle, Psidium guajava, Ipomoea batatas, Piper lolot, and Morinda citrifolia L.. Antioxidative activities were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power capacity and inhibitory of lipid oxidation in oil-in-water model. In addition, polyphenol content of six edible plants were also determined. Research results indicated that all of plants had antioxidative activity via antioxidant tests and its antioxidant ability depended on species. Polyphenol contents were different from species to species. Their values varied from 11.73 to 188.19 mg GAE/g db. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) inhibitory activity differed with species. Psidium guajava leaf had the highest activity of PPO inhibitory (64.77%), followed by Piper betle leaf (61.66%), Camelliasinensis leaf (43.87%), Piper lolot leaf (25.59%), Morinda citrifolia L. leaf (21.93%), and Ipomoea batatas leaf (21.42%).
THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INOCULATION ON PbREMOVAL OF FERN (PterisvittataL.) FROM POLLUTED SOIL

Nguyen TheBinh, StephaneDeclerck

Received: 09-02-2015 / Accepted: 31-08-2016
The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of mycoroot bio-product to the Pb accumulation capability of ferns. This pot experiment was carried out in agreenhouse with 4 treatments arranged inarandomized complete block. Soil of the Dong Mai village, Chi Dao commune, Van Lam district, Hung Yen province,Vietnam was analyzed and its Pb contamination was 37 times higher than the permissible standard (QCVN 03: 2008 / BTNMT). After 40 daysofexperimentation, mycoroot treated fernshadincreasedbiomass and Pb content of plant parts. The increase of plant biomass depended on the dose of the inoculant applied to the soil. The Pb content accumulated up to 834.63 mg.kg-1in theroots and 121.19 mg.kg-1in thestalk-leaves when thefernsweretreated with 40g mycoroot bio-product/plant. Fernshad loweraPb content ineach fresh biomass unit and a higher biomass weight whenmycoroot bio-productwas appliedat a rate of 80 gper plantcompared to 40 gper plant. Thus, the total amount of Pb removed from the soil was higherafter the fernswere treated with 80 gper plant mycoroot bio-product (7.27 mg Pbper pot). The total amount of Pb accumulatedin theroots was always higher than in the stalk- leaves. The flexibility of Pb could be increased when soil was mixed with mycoroot bio-product beforeferns weretransplanted.
In VitroAnti-Bacterial Activity of Herbal Extracts against Staphylococcusspp. and Streptococcus spp. Isolated from the Metritis in Cows

Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nguyen Nam Phuong, Nguyen Van Thanh

Received: 18-04-2017 / Accepted: 26-07-2017
The use of antibioticsfor the cow metritis treatment has many advantages, however, raises concerns about antibiotic residues in the meat and dairy products as well as increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Herbs have been increasingly demonstrated their significant role in the pharmaceutical industry as a biosafety solutionandan alternative to synthetic chemical drugs. The present study aimed to examine the anti-bacterial activity of herbal extracts(Polyalthia longifolia var.Pendula, Lignum Caesalpiniae sappari, Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour.,Clerodendron fragrans Vent, Wedelia calendulaceae Less, Cudrania tricuspidata, Pseuderanthemum (Ness)Radik, Lactuca indica L)against Staphylococcusspp. and Streptococcusspp.isolated from cow metritis. The resultsshowed that the extractionefficiency varied from 9.60% (Lignum Caesalpiniae sappari) to 14.32% (Wedelia calendulaceae Less). At the concentration of 100 mg/ml, all the extracts showed good anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcusspp. and Streptococcusspp. For Streptococcusspp., the bacterial inhibition zone varied from 11.80 mm (Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr) to 25.00 mm (Clerodendron fragrans Vent). The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone of Staphylococcusspp. varied from 10.28 mm (Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr)) to 25.30 mm (Wedelia calendulaceae Less). The extract solution of Clerodendron fragransVent and Wedelia calendulaceaeLess showed the highest anti-bacterial activity. This extract remained its anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcusspp. at concentration of 0.20mg/ml.
Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Love Grass (Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.) Among the Different Screening Conditions

Phan Trung Thang, Nguyen Van Vien, Nguyen Thanh Nhung, Nguyen Ha Trang Linh, Tran Dang Khanh

Received: 03-03-2021 / Accepted: 21-10-2022
Love grass, Chrysopogon aciculatus(Retz.) Trin., is a perennial grass of the family Poaceae. In this study, the allelopathic potential of this grass was evaluated in different screening conditions. In bioassay, the seedlings of barnyardgrass, rice and mung bean were significantly inhibited at the concentration of 50 g/l of love grass powder;the average inhibition was 56.86%, 52.61% and 46.24%, respectively. Especially, the root growth of the indicator plants was remarkably suppressed. In net house conditions, the germination rate and shoot length of barnyardgrass were inhibited compared with the control treatments. Application of 200 g/m2of the lovegrass powder, the average inhibition was the highest by 42.14%. In the field trial condition, the biomass (fresh weight and dry weight) of barnyardgrass was significantly suppressed which was similar to the net house condition. The highest average inhibition was 37.6%. Moreover, applying 200 g/m2of C. aciculatuspowder reduced the biomass of weeds and simultaneously increased rice yield compared with the control.
Enhancing the Antimicrobial Activity of Pectin-Alginate Biofilm and its Application in Preservation of Fresh Passion Fruits (Passiflora edulisSims)

Nguyen Trong Thang, Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, Hoang Thi Minh Nguyet, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy

Received: 28-03-2022 / Accepted: 21-10-2022
The present study was aimed to enhance the antimicrobial activity of Pec-Alg film-forming solution. Nanobubbles (NBs), cinnamon essential oil (Cinna) and chlorine (Chlo) were three potential substances added to Pec-Alg solutions. The microbial inhibitory effect was evaluated in vitro, and the Pec-Alg solutions were directly applied to passion fruits to evaluate the antimicrobial effect, the rate of disease transmission during storage, and the quality changes of passion fruit through physiological, mechanical and biochemical parameters. The results showed that the solutions of Pec-Alg supplemented with NBs or Cinna or Chlo all had high inhibitory effect in vitro conditions with 86.7%, 74.1% and 93.6%, respectively. Moreover, they had a positive inhibitory effect on microorganisms on passion fruits in the following order: Pec-Alg-Chlo > Pec-Alg-NBs > Pec-Alg-Cinna, of which Pec-Alg-Chlo solution had the highest inhibitory effect, reaching 84.4% at 1 hour after coating and 43.6% after 30 days of storage.They were also significantly effective to limit the rate of disease transmission during storage, contributing to prolong the shelf life of passion fruits up to 33 days, which means an increase of 15 days compared to the control and an increase of 9 days compared to Pec-Alg coating without addition ofany antimicrobial agents.
Biological Characteristics, Nutritive Value, Harvesting and Processing Methods of some Earthworm Species Used as Animal Feed

Han Quang Hanh, Dang Thuy Nhung, Nguyen Thi Xuan, Vu Dinh Ton

Received: 21-08-2020 / Accepted: 23-04-2021
Vermiculture and earthworm use as animal feed have been globally developed; however, in Vietnam, vermiculture has been spontaneously developed and not yet become a commercial industry. The objective of this paper is to highlight and evaluate the biological characteristics, nutritive values, harvesting and processing methods of some earthworm species and their use in animal feed. Currently, three main earthworm species popularly cultured in Vietnam are Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavatus), of which Eudrilus eugeniae is the most important species in producing protein biomass. Earthworms are nutrient-rich feed (51.62-69.8 % crude protein, 5.8-12.0% crude fat in dry matter) with sufficient amino acid composition and vitamins. Among the various methods of earthworm processing, drying and hydrolysis are the most appropriate and popular. We should minimize the risks of heavy metal residue, microbial and parasitic contamination, and utilize at a proportion below the recommended doses (15% in chicken diet and 25-30% in fish diet). Further studies should focus on improving the processing methods to produce a safe and feasible source of animal feed with acceptable production costs.
Allelopathic Potential of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. against the Growth of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)in Laboratory and Nethouse Conditions

Phan Trung Thang, Nguyen Van Vien, Khuat Huu Trung, Tran Dang Khanh

Received: 31-12-2019 / Accepted: 14-02-2020
The objective of this study was to evaluate allelopathic potential of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. against the growth barnyardgrass (Echinnochloa crus-galli) in the laboratory and nethouse conditions. In the laboratory condition, the results showed that the powder of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. leaves and stems caused the allelopathic effects on the growth of indicator plants (rice and barnyardgrass). Barnyardgrass biomass and water absorbance were significantly inhibited by the powder ofBoehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. leaves and stems. In the nethouse condition, the growth of barnyardgrass was extremely reduced by the effects of powder from Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. leaves and stems. In the case of increasing the application dose of the powder from 6,2 to 50 g/L. stems, the average inhibition on barnyardgrass was increased from 36.75% to 64.56%. Similar to Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. leaves, the emergence and dry weight of barnyargrass were significantly decreased from 35,83% to 67,91%. As the result, Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. indicated a high allelopathic potential to control paddy weeds.
Design and Fabrication of Wall Painting Machine

Pham Thi Hang, Kieu Van Vien

Received: 11-03-2019 / Accepted: 10-05-2019
The objective of this study was to design and develop a wall painting equipment to gradually replace human laborand increase labor productivity. The study was conducted to design and fabricate wall painting machine with a flow of 54 liters per hour. Based on the theoretical calculation, application of graphic design software, experimentation, and the principle of working, the parts of wall painting machine were designed and fabricated. Specially, based on the theories of general hydraulics and machine design, the automatic paint pumpingsystem, a type of peristaltic pump, was designed to be suitable for painting solution and painting system. The project has successfully fabricated the wall painting machine with the capacity of 300 m2 per hour, 3-4 times higher than that of the manual painting equipment with cheap manufacturing cost. The quality of painting surface did not depend on the skill of painters In addition, the system is quite compact, easy to move at construction place.
Design and Manufacture of Model for 3-Axis CNC Mini Milling Machine

Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Pham Thanh Cuong, Tong Ngoc Tuan, Ngo Dang Huynh, Nguyen Huu Huong

Received: 23-10-2018 / Accepted: 22-01-2019
The designand manufacture fora model of a 3-axis CNC milling machine were made based on theoretical and empirical research. The machine model is usedmainly in the training and scientific research. Using this model, it is possible to fabricate many kinds of details byusingMACH3 software on the computer for control and simulation. The technicalsoftwareis used to produce detailed design drawings and overall model of the machine,followed byfabricatingthe parts and assemblingthem into a complete machine model.
Assessment of the Transfer of Land Use Rights in Pho Yen District, Thai Nguyen Province

Phan Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Van Dung

Received: 08-01-2016 / Accepted: 10-05-2016
This study was carried out to assess and determine limitations and shortcomings in the transfer of land use rights for households and individuals, thereby propose solutions to enhance the efficiency of land use right transfer in in Pho Yen district. The results showed that total transfer of land use right was 7.148 cases, including 4.082 in residential land and 3,120 in agricultural land. The transfer of land use rights is enforced by the land law, but there existed some shortcomings such as transfer status without registering with state agencies, lower transfer contract price compared with transaction price, dificulty in the search for market information,… The solutions to solve the above shortcomings are regular inspecting and supervising the transfer of land use rights, enforcing strong sanctions on use right transfers not approved by state agencies, building database for real estate market, advocating land law to the people, training to enhance knowledge and supplementing professional staff of land use right transfer.
A Study on Operational Mechanism of the Insurance Model for Dairy Cow Farming in Moc Chau Dairy Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company

Nguyen Mau Dung, Le Kim Oanh

Received: 08-10-2015 / Accepted: 01-04-2016
This study was conducted to investigate the operational mechanism of the insurance model for dairy cow farming in Moc Chau Dairy Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company. In addition to the secondary data, 96 dairy cow farm households who participated the insurance model of the company were selected for direct interviews. The study results show that the insurance model for dairy cows in the company attracted the participation of more than 500 dairy cow farming households with a total of 9411 cows. The success of this insurance model was derived from its relevant mechanism based on the consulative opinions of dairy farmers, close requirements for becoming insured, technical and financial supports by the company, flexible compensation schemes, and transparent and corect risk assessment. These are the valuable lessons for designing agriculural insurance progarm, especially animal insurance program in Vietnam in the coming time.
Chemical Compositionand Staphylococcus aureusInhibitory Activity of the Ethanol Extract from Mahonia nepalensisDC.

Trinh Dinh Kha, Ha Thi Thanh Hoan, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien

Received: 26-11-2015 / Accepted: 29-05-2016
An investigation was conducted to determine the chemical composition and inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus of Mahonia nepalensis DC. (M. nepalensis) extract. Chemical analysis showed that the extract contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus strain was inhibited by the different extract concentrations. The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 10 to 15 mm for the extract concentrations from 20-40 mg/ml. The MIC, IC50 and MBC values were 0.05; 4.17 and 21.67 mg/ml, respectively. It is, therefore, suggested that the extract from M. nepalensis could be used as an anti-Staphylococcus agent in particular and a promising antibacterial agent in general.
Design and manufacturing of automated greenhouse misting control system for vegetables during nursery stage

Ngo Tri Duong, Nguyen Thai Hoc

Received: 02-04-2013 / Accepted: 21-06-2013
Control system automatic spray irrigation is an important factor, determines the success of the whole system in greenhouse vegetable production covered. Especially the vegetables in the nursery phase has many favorable characteristics for development of the disease, so the problem of monitoring and care of seedlings in the nursery should be top priority . The design, manufacture spray irrigation control system is very important in maintaining moisture, control the rate of the nutrients as well as the concentrations of plant protection spray vegetables. This paper introduces the results of research, design and manufacture of control systems automatic spray irrigation over time and temperature. Operator when the system is working just install the desired temperature value then the system will automatically control ventilation, misting pump to continuously ensure the installation parameters. The system also allows the operator can choose the location of fresh vegetables need watering time depending on the needs of each vegetable for systems with a variety of vegetables are grown in the same greenhouse.
Formulated Feed for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) The Beginning of Growing Phase

Tran Thi Nang Thu, Tran Thi Tinh

Received: 18-02-2013 / Accepted: 15-06-2013
Formulated feed for rainbow trout at the beginning of growing phase from10g/fishto120g/fishwas conducted incoldwateraquaculture researchcenterin Sapa-Lao Cai. The experiment wasarrangedwithfivedifferentfeedincludingan imported feed from Finland andfourlocal formulated feed(TACB1, TACB2, TACB3, TACB4) containing46% proteinand18% lipid. Fishmealincorporationleveldecreased from62.27% to 52.75% andtheincorporationlevelofplant ingredientsincreases from14.66% to 38.4% in four local formulated feed. After75 daysofexperiment,resultsshowedthatthe growth performanceofrainbow troutarerelativelyhighintheexperimentalfeeds(from 1.43 to 1.47 g/fish/day), survivalrate high(98.0% -99.3%), lowfeedconversionratio(1.41 to 1.44). Therelative gutlength of fish wasproportional to theincorporationlevelofplant ingredients in experimental feed. The growth rate, feedconversionratioand survival rateof fish fed TACB3using56.12% fishmealand25.72% plant ingredientwere similar to fish fedFinlandfeed. The use of TACB3 can be reduce the production cost of 18% in comparison to imported feed, thus TACB3 can beusedasformulatedfeedforrainbowtrout at the beginning of growing phase.
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON THE VOLATILE COMPOSITION OF ORTHODOX BLACK TEA

Hoang Quoc Tuan, Nguyen DuyThinh, Nguyen Thi MinhTu

Received: 20-01-2016 / Accepted: 31-08-2016
The effects of drying temperature on the profile of volatile compounds produced by black tea were evaluated at 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130,and 140oC. Aroma concentrate was prepared bytheBrewed Extraction Method (BEM) method and analyzedbyGC/MS. The volatile compoundscontent increased as the drying temperature increasedfrom lowto high temperatures. However, the relative content of group II volatile compounds, which are the degradation products of carotenoids and amino acids, rapidly increased more than the group I volatile compounds which are mainly the products of lipid breakdown, but when the drying temperature was higher than 120oC, the relative content of some volatile compounds belonging to group II rapidly decreased more than the volatile compounds belonging to group I. The highest flavour indice, which is defined as the ratio between desirable to undesirable volatile compounds, was obtained in samples dried at 120, followed by 110oC. Given the above results, in the present study, the optimal temperature condition to dry black tea was 120oC or 110oC.
Development of Kit for Fast Identification of Streptococcus suistype2 in Pig

Le Quoc Viet, Dinh Thi Bich Lan, Le Duc Thao, Bui Tran Anh Dao, Phung Thang Long

Received: 18-04-2017 / Accepted: 12-02-2018
To develop immunochromatographic strips for direct detection of the Streptococcus suistype 2 (S. suis2) antigen,1,5x108CFU of inactivated S. suis2 mixed well with Freund’s adjuvant was injected to Swiss albino mice to produce polyclonal antibodies. Then, the S. suis 2 polyclonal antibody (360 µg/ml) was mixed with gold colloid solution (pH 8.0) to create colloidal gold probe. Results indicated that the optimal concentration of capture antibodies in test lane was 2 mg/ml. The Kit had high sensitivity and speciﬁcity and no cross-reaction with E. coli ATCC,P. aeruginosaATCC, S. aureus ATCCor other strains ofS. suis. The detection sensitivity was found to be as high as 5x105CFU. In conclusion, the Kit is easy for the use and highlyefficient forS. Suistype 2 detection.
Assessing the situation of resolving agricultural land disputes between householdsand individuals in Lang Son province

DoThi Duc Hanh, Tran Quang Trung

Received: 12-03-2024 / Accepted: 12-06-2024
The study aimed to point out the advantages, limitations, and causes in the process of resolving disputes over-allocated or leased agricultural land, recognizing land use rights for households, individuals, and proposing solutions to resolve disputes completely, on time, and according to regulations in Lang Son province. Data were collected from authorities and from surveys using pre-prepared questionnaires on 175 households and 164 officials directly involved in dispute resolution. From 2016 to 2022, 4,012 disputes were resolved, an average of 2.87 cases/year/commune. Conciliation successfull and unsuccessful rate, respectively, was 72.18%; 27.82%. First-instance judgments without appeal accounted for 90.50%; the remaining 9.50% have appealed. The disputing parties had well complied with the settlement conclusions. The biggest limitations when resolving disputes were poor cadastral records; insufficient human resources, limited coordination to resolve the issue, people in dispute having limited legal knowledge, and administrative procedures were not simple. Solutions include completing cadastral records and administrative procedures; promoting propaganda and dissemination of laws; ensuring enough human resources to resolve disputes; and strengthening coordination between authorities.
Effect of Time Destroying the Growing Point on Propagation Efficiency of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) cv. MD2

Le Vinh Hung, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diem

Received: 25-03-2024 / Accepted: 21-06-2024 / Published: 25-07-2024
The pineapple variety MD2 has low, prolonged and ununiform shoot production under natural conditions. Therefore, it is very necessary to process buds simultaneously by destroying the growth tip to improve propagation efficiency for production. In this study, shoot tip/growing point was destroyed at time points (3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 months after planting) and shoots of different sizes (4cm and 3 true leaves; 6cm and 4 true leaves; 8cm and 5 true leaves; 10cm and 6 true leaves; 12cm and ≥ 6 true leaves) were recorded. Research results show that mother plants shoots of 8.5 months after planting were treated and suckerss with a height of 4cm and 3 true leaves yielded 48.87 suckers/year. However, the plants were treated 7.5 months after planting combined yielded suckers with 8cm and 5 true leaves. The treatment time points and the size of the buds collected did not affect the sucker formation time ranging from 40.90 to 45.76 days and the survival rate after transplanting from 84.56 to 99.87%.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/1fxw2a37
Design and Fabrication of Temperature and Wind Control Automation Componentsof Agricultural Product Dryer for Grains

Nguyen Huu Huong, Bui Quoc Huy, Tong Ngoc Tuan, Hoang Xuan Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Cuong, Le Van Quan, Nguyen Cong Phuc

Received: 06-12-2022 / Accepted: 05-10-2023
This study aimed to design and manufacture automatic temperature control component,windy feeder for the drying box and a windy on-off component on the drying box of the specific agricultural product dryer for grains. Theoretical research method, software research and experimental research method were utilized to receive outline aim. In this research, temperatureand wind control automation components were designed and manufactured for dryer. The automatic temperature control component as applied on the dryer must ensure reasonable temperature control of the hot air flow entering the drying barrel during the drying process. A windy feeder with an automatic wind reversal mechanism helps to control the drying time well. In this study, the newly fabricated components were assembled in a suitable dryer assembly before implementing experiments. The drying process on the dryer ứa caried out to evaluate the component's applicability and give relatively good performance when integrated into the overall dryer. The dryer temperature ưas a well-controlledduring the drying process and the windy feeder with the windy swing mechanism worked well.
Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Performanceand Body Surface Temperature in Broilers

Che Minh Tung, Nguyen Thi My Nhan

Received: 17-04-2023 / Accepted: 29-08-2023
The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of stocking density on growth performance and surface temperature of different body parts in broilers. A total of 1000 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to two treatments in a completely randomized design. The stocking density treaments were (1) 9 chicks/m2(SD 9) and (2) 13 chicks/m2(SD 13). Each treatment had 20 replicate pens (50% female and 50% male/pen). The experimental results showed that there was no difference in average daily weight gain between two treatments (P >0.05). However, broilers in the SD 9 group had a better feed conversion ratio than those in the SD 13 group (P = 0.048). The survival rate of broilers in the SD 9 group (99.8%) was greater (P <0.001) than that of broilers in the SD 13 group (95.8%). Moreover, the body surface temperature of broilers in the SD 9 group (32,3C) was much lower (P = 0.003) than that of broilers in the SD 13 group (36.0C). A similar trend was also observed for the shank and neck surface temperature of broilers (P <0.05). Briefly, the stocking density of 9 broilers/m2improved the feed conversion ratio, survival rate and body surface temperature of broilers as compared with the stocking density of 13 broilers/m2.

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