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Ảnh hưởng của trồng xen ngô-đậu tương và biện pháp làm cỏ thủ công đến kiểm soát cỏ dại

Vu Duy Hoang, Ha Thi Thanh Binh

Received: 10-08-2014 / Accepted: 21-04-2015
Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của trồng xen ngô-đậu tương và biện pháp làm cỏ thủ công đến sinh trưởng của cỏ dại. Thí nghiệm đồng ruộng được bố trí theo kiểu Split-plot với ba lần nhắc lại. Ô lớn được bố trí tương ứng với số lần làm cỏ thủ công: Không làm cỏ (NW), làm cỏ một lần ở giai đoạn ngô 3-4 lá (HW1), làm cỏ hai lần ở giai đoạn ngô 3-4 lá và 8-9 lá (HW2). Ô nhỏ được bố trí tương ứng với kỹ thuật trồng xen: M0 (ngô trồng thuần), M1 (trồng xen 1 hàng đậu giữa hai hàng ngô), M2 (trồng đậu trên cùng hàng với ngô) ở vụ xuânhè, hoặc M3 (trồng hai hàng đậu giữa hai hàng ngô) ở vụ đông. Mật độ và chất khô của cỏ dại cũng như cây mọc lẫn được đo đếm trong ba khung điều tra ngẫu nhiên (0,25 m2) cho mỗi ô thí nghiệm ở ba thời kỳ: ngô 3-4 lá (S1), 8-9 lá (S2) và 13-14 lá (S3).Kết quả chỉ ra rằng trồng xen và làm cỏ thủ công đều làm giảm đáng kể sinh trưởng của cỏ dại. Trong các thí nghiệm này, cỏ mần trầu (Eleusine indica) là loài cỏ chiếm ưu thế nhất trên ruộng ngô với mật độ và khối lượng chất khô cao, tuy nhiên sinh trưởng của loài cỏ này bị giảm đáng kể bởi trồng xen và làm cỏ thủ công. Làm cỏ hai lần làm giảm mật độ và sinh khối cỏ nhiều hơn so với làm cỏ một lần. Nghiên cứu này một lần nữa xác nhận tầm quan trọng của biện pháp cỏ thủ công trong việc kiểm soát cỏ dại hiệu quả. Ngô-đậu tương trồng xen nên được kết hợp với hai lần làm cỏ thủ công khi không sử dụng thuốc trừ cỏ.
Effects of some Intercropings with Maize on soil characters and maize yield planted on the Sandy Soil in Nghe An Province

Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Dao Chau Thu, Cao Viet Hung

Received: 25-02-2020 / Accepted: 31-12-2020
Drought and moisture deficiency in crop cultivation on the coastal sandy soil in Nghe An province have occurred frequently in the late spring crop. Mono-culture is a factor that influences increasing soil temperature and water evaporation and nutrient losses than intercropping. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of intercropping maize on the temperature, humidity, nutrition, yield of maize on sandy soil in Nghe An province. The experiments were conducted in two seasons of 2015 and 2016 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 5 formulas: KX (No intercropping), NL (Maize-Peanut), NĐ (Maize- Black Bean), NX (Maize-Green Bean), NK (Maize-Sweet Potato). The results showed that intercropping between maize and other crops significantly influenced temperature, humidity, soil nutrient and yield. Soil moisture content in intercropping plots was constantly higher, whereas soil temperature was lower than those in a single maize plot. Soil nutrient indicators tended to increase after the experiment and gave the highest value in the NĐ plot. The highest yield of maize in the formula NĐ was 4.962 ton/ha in spring crop 2015 and was 4.831 ton/ha in spring crop 2016, the remained intercropping plots were perpetually higher than the single maize plot (P0.05).
Researchand SuggestSome Solutions to Develop Maize Production at The Northwest Region

Do Van Ngoc, Tran Dinh Thao

Received: 18-06-2014 / Accepted: 01-09-2014
In recent year, maize is gradually becoming a kind of agricultural commodities which aims to reduce poverty for farmers in the Northwest region, especially in the two provinces of Son La and Hoa Binh. The survey results show that income from maize production constitutes a high proportion of the income structure of farm households in this area. However, maize acreage and yield annual area are declining. The farmers in the Northwest now faces major problems such as the shortage of capital for production, the rapid rising input cost, especially maize seeds and fertilizers. In addition, transport systems, storage systems, and the consumption of maize are still low, which are also the major challenges to the developm ent of maize production in this area. Therefore, to develop commodity maize production in the Northwest region, the solutions offered are going to focus on those aspects: the methods to control soil erosion and exhaustion, transportation system development, maize consumption system diversification, technical support and the encouragement of maize storage system construction for farmers, maize varieties research to select the adapted seeds to the ecological conditions, utilizing the organic inputs instead of inorganic fertilizer and finally the preferential policies that Government should have to encourage maize production.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Ability to Engage Linkage in Maize Consumption for Farmer Households in Son La Province

Nguyen Dang Hoc, Tran Quang Trung, Bui Thi Khanh Hoa

Received: 22-02-2017 / Accepted: 06-05-2017
This study aimed to analyze the situation of linkage in maize consumption in Son La province and the factors affecting ability to engage linkage in maize consumption for farmer households. 536 maize production households and 26 local stafts in Son La province were interviewed by using direct investigation tools such as stuctureedquestionairescombined with participatory rural appraisal (PRA). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the situation of linkage in maize consumption in Son La while econometric model (probit model) was employed to evaluate factors affecting ability to engage linkage for households. The research results showed that therewas asignificant difference in income from maize production among households engaging linkage with households who were not involved. However, the linkage of maize consumption in Son La was employed at the simple levelof oral negotiation. The involvement inthe commitment to linkageimplementationwas not strong enough about the legality, leadingto a lack of sustainability. Another results illustrated that the factors belongingto the characteristics of individual householdsand the headsof household,such as education level, ethnic group, social position,andscale maize production hadsignificant positive impact on maize household’s ability to engage in the linkage in maize consumption, whereas some other factors hadsignificant negative effects, including number of household members and houshold’s processing activities.
Morphological Biodiversity of the Local Maize Varieties Collected from Lai Chau and Dien Bien Provinces

Vu Dang Toan, Vu Dang Tuong, Vu ThiThu Hien

Received: 22-03-2021 / Accepted: 11-06-2021
In Vietnam, local maize varieties are increasingly reduced in the cultivated areas due to the development of hybrid maize varieties. However, local maize genetic resources have numerous precious traits and are of high value in maize breeding. The local maize varieties are still grown in some regions, hence, the collection and evaluation of those varieties should be imperatively carried out for conservation and exploitation. In this study, 30 accessions of indigenous maize varieties were collected from Lai Chau and Dien Bien provinces were characterized for their agro-biological traits. The results showed that 24 accessions (86.7%) were over 120 days in growing period. Plant height ranged from 161.2 to 277.0cm. The length of corn was from 12.7 to 19.4cm. Corndiameter was from 2.87 to 4.93cm. Number of rows per corn was 9.2 to 13.2 rows. Number of seeds in rows was from 13.4 to 34.8. Similarity coefficients of maize varieties were fluctuated from 0.19 to 0.43 and were then classified into two main groups, group one with 6 varieties, and group two with 24 accessions, respectively. High diversity of agro-biological characteristics was found in the maize accessions collected from Lai Chau and Dien Bien provinces. The collected maize accessions could be used for maize breering programs in Vietnam.
Adaptability and Combining Ability of Mo17 and B73 Inbred Lines under Conditionsin Gia Lam, Ha Noi

Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Van Liet, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh

Received: 03-02-2015 / Accepted: 22-07-2015
The maize inbred lines, Mo17 released by the University of Missouri in 1964 and B73, released by Iowa State University in 1972 have been used in maize improvement programs for over 50 years in the US and other countries. These two maize inbred lines belong to two heterotic groups that are Reid Yellow Dent and the Lancaster. We have evaluated the adaptability and combing ability of the Mo17 and B73 inbred lines in Gia Lam, Ha Noi to improve the domestic maize germplasm. Study results showed that Mo17 adapted well in Spring-Summer season while B73 grew well in early Autumn-Winter season. Mo17 had good general combining ability (GCA) for yield and ear length over B73. Hybrid produced from Mo17 showed heterosis in ear length, while the crosses produced from B73 showed heterosis in ear diamter. Four lines, D1, D3, D6 and D9 with high GCA values can be used in hybrid breeding program. This pointed out that it is possible to maintain and utilize Mo17 and B73 inbred lines to enhance the local maize germplasm and promote maize hybrid breeding in Viet Nam.
SIMULATING YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE TO CLIMATE CHANGE WITH AQUACROP MODEL IN NORTHWEST VIETNAM

Le Thi Giang, Nguyen DinhCong

Received: 02-06-2016 / Accepted: 15-11-2016
Maize has become the second most important crop after rice in Vietnam, particularlyit is main cash crop for farmers intheNorthwest region. To seek a solutionforadapting to climate change, the impact of climate change onmaize production needs to be analyzed. The AquaCrop model was usedhereto predict maize yield inresponse toclimate change. The model was calibrated and validated for maize production at field scale in Muong Lum commune, Yen Chau district, Son La province duringtheperiod of 2008 - 2012.The AquaCrop model application under climate change scenario B2 shows that maize yield hasapositive response to climate change with apredicted increase of 2.2% in 2100 compared totheperiod of 2008 - 2012. It recommends that maize production can be continued in the study area.
Evaluation and Screening of Maize Inbred Lines for Drought Tolerance Based on Phenotype and Molecular Markers

Nguyen Thi Han, Dong Huy Binh, Nguyen Van Giang, Vu Van Liet, Nguyen Quang Tuan, Vu Thi Bich Hanh

Received: 22-03-2016 / Accepted: 22-06-2016
Drought is one among the major abiotic stress factors severely limits maize grain yield production. Improving drought tolerance in maize has become one of the top priorities in maize breeding programs. Thirty two maize inbred lines and two check varieties were evaluated under field conditions and screened for drought tolerance under water stress conditions in the greenhouse. For drought evaluation, the first experiment was carried out using plastic pots exposed to drouhgt stress conditions. In the second experimen, thirty two inbred lines were planted at four planting dates startng from 2 March and successive planting after very ten days, in soil bed conditions and drought was imposed when plants of the first planting were at dough stage and the plants of other plantingss were at tassel and silking stage, at 12 collars stage and at 6 collars stage. Eleven and 14 inbred lines were identified as drought tolerant in pots experiment and in greenhouse soil bed, respectively. With the use of molecular marker, 20 inbred lines containing QTL related to drought tolerance were identified. Combining phenotypic evaluation and molecular markers, 11 inbred lines possessed desirable characters and drought tolerance, i.e. H4, H6, H14, H15, H17, H20, H23, H24, H28, H29 and H30. Drought tolerant inbred lines identified in this study can be utilized for future breeding programme.
Combining Ability Evaluation of Waxy Maize Inbred Lines for Eating and Nutrient Characteristics

Vu Van Liet, Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh

Received: 16-04-2015 / Accepted: 07-10-2016
This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of thinner pericarp waxy maize inbred on the eating and nutrient quality traitssuchas tenderness,sweetnessandamylose contentthrough diallel cross using method 4 of Griffing. Six waxy maize inbred lines and their crosses were evaluated in a complete block design with 2 replicationswithplot size of14m2andHN88as thehybrid varietycheck. Results showed that six parental lines and the crosses had short growth duration. Thegrain yield of parental linesranged from 24.48 to 29,61 quintal/haandfresh ear yield of the crosses was higher than the check variety. Four waxy maize inbredlines,D1, D2, D5, and D6 had high values for general combining ability on the fresh ear yield,thinner pericarp trait, protein, amylosecontentand other traits. Our results suggest that development of hybrid waxy maize variety for high quality should focus on parentalinbredlines withcombining ability forthequality traits.
The Responses of Maize Inbred Lines to Flooding Condition at Seedling Stage

Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen The Hung, Nguyen Van Cuong, Pham Quang Tuan

Received: 02-10-2013 / Accepted: 20-11-2013
The effects of flooding on growth and biomass accumulation of maize at the seedling stage was studiedin pot experiment in greenhouse conditions. Seedlings of eleven maize inbred lines were subjected to flood and control treatment for a period of one week. Growth in terms of root system, leaf area, leaf number, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, and dry matter of the plant were significantly reduced in flood stressed conditions. There was clear genetic variation inresponse to flooding stress among themaize inbred lines. Three inbred lines: CLT-T10, CLT- T83 and TB23 showed better tolerance to flooding condions. These inbred lines were recommended to use in further study at molecular level of response to flooding or to use in gerplasm improvement for flooding tolerance. The current study pointed out that there is a relationship between root development and flooding tolerance in maize. Root traits might be important to consider in maize improvement for flooding tolerance.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity Based on Phenotypes and SSR Markers and Evaluationof Drought Tolerance of Waxy Maize Inbred Lines for Developing Hybrid Varieties for Northern Moutainous Provinces

Le Thi Minh Thao, Nguyen Thi Anh, Tran Thanh Tan, Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Van Liet

Received: 24-02-2014 / Accepted: 10-06-2014
Assessing genetic diversity and heterotic grouping of 24 waxy maize inbred lines in S8 to S10 generations were performed using morphological characters and molecular markers (SSR). The field experiment was designed to identify the agronomical characteristics, namely growth duration, plant height, anthesis-silking interval, yield and yield components. Results showed that the maize inbred lines possessed agronomic characters suitable to develop single crosses. Based on genetic diversity analysis of morphometric traits, 24 inbred lines were grouped into six heterotic groups at similarity value of 0.25. Genetic diversity analysis of inbred lines by 19 SSR markers detected 19 loci with a total of 75 alleles and average of 4 alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.36 to 0.81. At genetic similarity value of 0.83, 24 inbred lines were divided into five groups. Of 24 lines tested, 5 lines, viz. I5, I9, I8, I23, I15 were identified to be drought tolerant. These lines belonged to the different heterotic groups and therefore they can be used for hybrid waxy maize breeding for drought prone environment such as rainfed farming condition for northern moutainous provinces.
Selection of Inbred Maize Lines for Drought Tolerance Using Phenotyic Evaluation and Genetic Markers

Phan Duc Thinh, Hoang Thi Thuy, Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Nguyen Thi Han, Vu Van Liet

Received: 19-02-2013 / Accepted: 22-04-2013
Twenty eight maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of different origin were evaluated to select the drought tolerant lines as parents for hybrid maize breeding. These inbred lines was developed from the local open-pollinated cultivars and exotic gerplasm from China and America. To preliminarily identify drought tolerant inbred lines, the lines were grown in plastic pots.containing sterilized fine sand and the following tarits were observed: leaf area per plant, root volume, root length,, plant height, freshand dry root weight, and dry stem weight. The genes or QTLs associated with drought tolerance were analyzed using three specific SSR markers. Data analysis showed that root traits are correlated with yield under drought condition. And cound be considered as primary indicators to determine the drought-tolerance of maize. umc1862 marker was found to be associated with grain yield under stress condition (Ys), nc133 marker associated with the stress tolerance and umc 2359 associated with mean productivity. 28 inbred lines investigated have QTL controlling yield under strees and tolerance. Of these 14 lines that have QTL associated with strees tolerance index. Combining phenotypic evaluation and genetic markers, 5 lines, i.e. TP17, TP12, TP2, TP5 and TP24 are suggested for combining ability testing for future development of hybrid maize varieties with tolerance.
Utilization of Natural Haploid Inducer, UH400, for Hybrid Maize Breeding

Pham Quang Tuan, Dòng Huy Giói, Nguyen Viet Long, Vu Van Liet, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh, Nguyen Van Ha, Doan Thi Yen, Nguyen Trung Duc

Received: 25-07-2016 / Accepted: 20-11-2016
Adaptability and haploid inducing ability of UH400 were evaluated in 4 cropping seasons during 2014 and 2015 at Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam. Twenty yellow dent maize hybrids were crossed with UH400 and the F1 seeds were evaluated for haploid induction rate using anthocyanin color marker. Ploidy doubling was done by colchicine treatment at 0.06% for 8 hours to develop double haploid (DH) lines. DH lines were evaluated for growth and yield in 2015 spring cropping season and ploidy level determined in spring 2016. The studies showed that UH400 can be grown in fall-winter and spring cropping seasons in the North of Vietnam, while seed multiplication and line maintenance be done in spring. UH400 can be used for haploid induction on yellow dent maize hybrids with induction rate of 7.05%. DH lines developed in this study had poor survival rate (14.4%). The use of SSR marker phi065 to identify haploid seeds from six crosses with UH400 showed that five crosses (M8, M12, M19, M21 and M22 crossed to UH400) are haploid.
Determination of Suitable Narrow Row Spacing for Hybrid Maize Variety CP333 on Degraded Soils in Bacgiang Province

Dinh Van Phong, Nguyen Nhu Ha, Nguyen Van Bo

Received: 05-08-2013 / Accepted: 22-10-2013
The experiment was conducted to identify suitable row distance for the hybrid maize cv. C.P. 333 on the infertile soil of Bac Giang province. The experiment was planted in two concecutive winter and spring crops of year 2010-2011 and applied with the following fertilizer rate:10tons manure+ 135 N + 90 P2O5 + 100 K2O per hectare. Results showed that the hybrid maize variety C.P.333 performed best when planted at row spacing of 50 cm with planting density of 70,000 plants per hectare. With this row spacing and population density, the hybrid maize showed highest LAI, low insect infestation, and higher yield in comparison with other planting densities in both cropping seasons.
Combining Ability of Erect Leaf Maize Inbred Lines for Yield and Leaf Angle

Nguyen Van Viet, Vu Van Liet, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Hoang Thi Thuy, Duong Thi Loan, Tran Thi Thanh Ha, Nguyen Van Ha

Received: 30-03-2018 / Accepted: 20-06-2018
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of erect leaf maize inbred lines for grain yield and leaf angle using tester x line analysis. Twelve erect leaf maize inbred lines and three testers, T1, T2 and T3, were crossed in a tester x line scheme in 2017 spring season. Growth and development of thirty-six testcrosses, the check GS9989, and fifteen parental lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in 2017 winter season. Results showed that the lines had leaf angle in the range from 26.5o to 30.8o; whle leaf angle of testcrosses varied from 24.1o to 43.1o. Three lines, D3, D6 and D9 showed high GCA values and can be used in hybrid breeding program. D9 line had significant GCA and high variance for SCA, thus, it is a valuable source in maize breeding. The T3 tester had higher GCA effect for leaf angle and yield and T2 tester had higher effect for leaf angle. Five testcrosses, T3xD3 (72.8 tons per ha); T3xD6 (72,2 tons per ha); T2xD9 (70.2 tons per ha); T3xD9 (83.1 tons per ha) and T2xD10 (77.1 tons per ha) with erect leaf and yield being higher or equal to the check GS9989, are promising for further testing and large scale demonstration for releasing new hybrids suitable for high density cultivation.
NghiêncứukhảnăngkếthợpvàsửdụngchỉthịphântửSSR dòtìmgen lg1vàlg2tronglaiđỉnhhaidòngthửMo17 vàB73 vớicácdòngtựphốingôláđứng

Hoang Thi Thuy, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Tran ThiThanh Ha, Duong Thi Loan, Nguyen Van Ha, Vu Van Liet

Received: 07-08-2015 / Accepted: 05-05-2016
Nghiên cứu thực hiện đánh giá khả năng kết hợp chung của tám dòng tự phối ngô về tính trạng lá đứng và năng suất hạt sử dụng mô hình line × tester trong vụ xuân 2015; và để phát hiện hai gen lg1 và lg2trong các dòng bố mẹ này cũng như con lai F1sử dụng chỉ thị phân tử SSR. Mười sáu tổ hợp lai đỉnh và các dòng bố mẹđược đánh giá trong vụ xuân 2015 trong thí nghiệm khối ngẫu nhiên hai lần lặp lại. Kết quả xác định góc lá trung bình của ba lá trên bắp nhận thấy dòng E1, E5 và cây thử Mo17 có góc lá từ 30-35othuộc nhóm lá gọn, các dòng còn lại có góc lá < 30othuộc nhóm lá đứng. Giá trị hướng lá (LOV) cũng cho thấy kiểu cây của các dòng và tổ hợp lai thuộc nhóm cây gọn. Chúng tôi xác định chỉ có tổ hợp lai 15 có góc lá <30o thuộc nhóm lá đứng, sáu tổ hợp lai có góc lá >35othuộc nhóm lá thường, và các tổ hợp lai còn lại thuộc nhóm lá gọn. Ước lượng giá trị khả năng kết hợp chung (KNKH) của 8 dòng và 2 cây thử, kết quả cho thấy3 dòng là E4, E7, E8 và cây thử Mo17 có giá trị âm KNKH về góc lá, nghĩa là góc lá có xu hướng hẹp hơn. Sáu dòng có giá trị KNKH dương về năng suất là E1, E2, E3, E4, E6 và Mo17. Sử dụng chỉ thị SSR với hai mồi đặc hiệu umc1165(dò tìm gen lg1) và bnlg1505(dò tìm gen lg2) ở các dòng bố mẹ, THL, kết quả cho thấy mức độ đa hình cao và đã nhận biết được các dòng và THL mang gen lg1và lg2. Kết quả này gợi ý rằng có thể sử dụng chỉ thị phân tử SSR trong chọn lọc trợ giúp nhờ chỉ thị phân tử (MAS) để sàng lọc vật liệu và chọn giống ngô lá đứng cho trồng mật độ cáo.
Heterosis ofAgronomical and Physiological Characteristics Related to Flooding Tolerance in Maize (ZeamaysL.)

Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen Viet Long

Received: 10-11-2014 / Accepted: 22-07-2015
This study was conducted to investigatethe heterosis of agronomical traits relating to flooding tolerance in 10 maize hybrids derived from 7 parental inbred lines. The flooding treatments were applied artificially at seedling stage (3 - 4 leaves) in field conditions for one week. There was positive relationship of root length, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation and flooding tolerance ability in maize plant. Positive heterosis was found for SPAD, dry matter accumulation and grain yield under flooding stress conditions. Better growth and higher SPAD value under flooding conditions of D1xD3, D1xD4 and D2xD5 might contribute to the higher yields of these hybrids compared with others.
Maize Root Development under Hypoxia and Waterlogging Conditions

Nguyen Van Loc, Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Viet Long

Received: 27-12-2018 / Accepted: 21-03-2019
Waterlogging is a major environmental stress limiting maize yield in the monsoonal areas of Asia, as well as in other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate thephenotypic variation in root development under hypoxia condition at the seedling stageofdiverse maize inbred lines in 0.1% agar-hydroponic culture. The root length (RLD), root surface area (RSAD) and root volume (RVD) under hypoxia wereinvestigated by means of WinRHIZO analysis before and after the treatment. Based on the evaluation results of 30 lines under hypoxia, root development of15 selected lines was also evaluated in soil culture. Significant phenotypic variation in hypoxia tolerance in roots was observed among studiedmaize lines. Root developmentin hydroponic and soil culture wassignificantly correlated. The results suggested that nine potential lines (VNT2, VNT3, VNT7, VNT9, VNT12, VNT13, VNT14, VNT24 và VNT25)hada high ability to develop roots under hypoxia. These resultsprovide insights into the mechanisms of waterlogging adaptation and the hypoxia tolerant materials can be usedto improve the waterlogging tolerance of modernmaizecultivars at the seedling stage.
Soil Nutrient Supply and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zea MaysL.) under Deposited and Undeposited Alluvial Soil Condition in The Mekong Delta

Nguyen Quoc Khuong, Tran Ngoc Huu, Le Phuoc Toan, Ngo Ngoc Hung

Received: 21-11-2016 / Accepted: 20-05-2017
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capacity of indigenous N, P, K, Ca, Mg supply and to compare the nutrients uptake of maize in conditions of deposited and undeposited alluvial soils. The on-farm research was conducted on 10 farmers′ fields on each soil series. The experiment consisted of the following treatments (i) fully fertilized plot (NPKCaMg); (ii) nitrogen omission plot; (iii) phosphorus omission plot; (iv) potassium omission plot; (v) calcium omission plot; (vi) magnesium omission plot and (vii) farmers’ fertilization practice (FFP). Results showed that the deposited alluvial soil supplied higher amount of nitrogen and magnesium than undeposited alluvial soil. The amount of N, P, K, Ca and Mg (kg N, P2O5, K2O, CaO, MgO ha-1) provided 84, 112, 152, 30, 75 kg ha-1 under deposited alluvial soil and 68, 116, 158, 46, 45 kg ha-1 under undeposited alluvial soil. Without application of individual N, P, K, Ca and Mg element correspodingly reduced N, P, K, Ca, Mg removal on both soil types. The N and MgO uptake by maize on deposited alluvial soil was higher than that of on undeposited alluvial soil.
Determination and Comparison of Pentosan Content from Several Cereal Grain in Vietnam

Nguyen Van Lam, Lai Thi Ngoc Ha, Nguyen Huong Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai, Pham Thi Binh

Received: 29-05-2012 / Accepted: 28-07-2012
Pentosans are polysaccharides which exhibit both dietary fibre and prebiotic properties. Consumption of pentosan prevents the growth of colon cancer, promotes absorption of minerals and enhances immune system. In this study, the grain of 10 rice, 10 maize and 13 sorghum cultivars were selected to analyse pentosan concentration. The results showed that total and water-soluble pentosan content varied among these cereals, among these maize grains contain highest concentration. Wide variation in petosan concentration was also found within each grain group. Total and water-soluble pentosan content ranged from 0.54 to 1.65% and 0.01 to 0.02%, for rice cultivars; 0.54 to 2.33% and 0.01 to 0.03%, for sorghum cultivars; 2.81 to 4.1% and 002 to 0.1%, for maize cultivars, respectively.
Factors Influencing Linkage in the Use of Maize as Animal Feed for Pig Households in Son La Province, Vietnam

Tran Quang Trung, Le Thi Minh Chau, Nguyen Dang Hoc

Received: 11-11-2016 / Accepted: 07-04-2017
This study was conducted in Son La province to evaluate factors affecting thelinkage in the useofmaize as animal feed for pig keeping households. Data for the study were gathered from 690 pig farming households in Van Ho, Moc Chau and Mai Son districts (Son La province) by direct interviews. The chi-square test was used to test the difference in characteristics between groups of pig farming householdsengaging inlinkage and those that were notengaging in linkage. In addition, probit model was employed to measure factors affecting linkage in the use of maize as animal feed for pig farming households. It was found that therewas significant difference between income of households with linkage and income of households without linkages in the use of maize as animal feed. Moreover, research results also showedthat the education level, gender, ethnic group, social position of the household head, and livestock production scale hadsignificantly positive impact households’engagement in linkage whereas the age of the household head and number of household member significantly exhbited negative effects on households’to linkage engagement. To improve linkage, relevant policy implications were suggested.
The Affect of Nitrogen Concentrations Applied and Plant Density onSome Physiological, Yield Trait of Waxy Maize HUA518

Duong Thi Loan, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Nguyen Van Ha, Tran Thi Thanh Ha, Hoang Thi Thuy, Vu Van Liet

Received: 02-03-2016 / Accepted: 28-07-2016
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect ofnitrogen ratesand plant densities on physiological and yield characteristics of waxy maize cv. HUA518using two-factorial design. Nitrogen rates and plant densities did not clearly affect plant height, growth durations and ear height, except the case withoutnitrogen application. The posiste effect ofnitrogen ratesapplied and plant density, however, on leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation was apparent. These characteristics were closely correlated with yield atmilking stage in all nitrogen treatmentsduring both 2013 autumn -winter and 2014 spring seasons. Yield was affected most by density and fertilizer treatments.The nitrogen rate of 190 kg N/haplus90 kg P2O5and70 kg K2O/ha and the density at 57,000 -61,000 plants/ha gave the highest yield (yield 11-11.8 tons of fresh waxy maize/ha).
Effect of Slow-Release Fertilizers on Growth, Development and Yield of NK66 Hybrid Maize in Bat Xat District, Lao CaiProvince

Nguyen Thi Lan Anh, Nguyen The Hung, Tran Thi Thiem, Nguyen Tat Canh

Received: 19-03-2018 / Accepted: 05-06-2018
The effect of slow-release fertilizers(SRF) on growth, development and yield of NK66 hybrid maize was studied in 2013 and 2014springcropping seasons, in Bat Xat district, Lao Cai province. The effect of different types of SRFproduced by using organic polimer and nitrogen release inhibitorwere comparedwith common chemical fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium). All treatments were applied with 110N + 60P2O5 + 57K2O per hectare. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicationsanf the corn variety was NK66 planted at density of 57,000/ha. The study results showed that the SRF application has positive effect on growthanddevelopment of corn. Grain yield varried from 6,803 ton/ha to 7,975 ton/haand SRF with coating polymer and plant extract had the highest yield.
Selection of Thinner Pericarp Thickness for Quality of Fresh Waxy Corn

Tran Thi Thanh Ha, Nguyen Thi Hong Ngat, Nguyen Van Ha, Duong Thi Loan, Vu Thi Bich Hanh, Vu Van Liet

Received: 19-02-2013 / Accepted: 22-04-2013
Waxy corn is commonly eaten fresh in Asian countries including Vietnam. Selection for thinner pericarp is a priority for enhancing tenderness in fresh waxy corn breeding. We have evaluated 48 of local maize cultivars and inbred lines in order to identify genetic materials that have thinner perricap for the waxy maize breeding with improved quality. The 48 cultivars and inbred lines were evaluated in the field experiment with two replication in 20012 Autumn-Winter season. Kernel pericarp thickness of cultivars and inbed lines (measured by micrometer) ranged between 51,6 to 118,9 µm. Six potential lines and cultivars with desirable pericarp thinness are D27, D34, D36, D14, D22 and D35 (D27 with 51.6 µm). Using SSR markers 28 cultivars and inbred lines were detected to have QTL controlling thinner pericarp traits. Based on phenotypic evaluatione and genetic markers, six cultivars and inbred lines, D14, D22, D27, D47, D36 and D44, possessing desirable agronomic characteristics, thinner pericarp were selected for high quality waxy maize breeding programme in Vietnam.
Efficacy of Biofertilizers Containing Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth And Yield of Maize Cultivated on Alluvial Soil in Dyke Collecting from Chau Phu District, An Giang Province in Greenhouse

Tran Ngoc Huu, Le Thi My Thu, Nguyen Hong Hue, Le Vinh Thuc, Tran Chi Nhan, Nguyen Minh Chau, Nguyen Quoc Khuong

Received: 16-04-2021 / Accepted: 09-07-2021
Objective of this study was to determine the effects of three biofertilizers containing P-solubilizing bacterial strainson growth and yield of maize cultivated on alluvial soil in dyke collecting from Chau Phu district, An Giang province. The pot experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 13 treatments, 4 replications. Treatments included (i) 100% P, (ii) 75% P, (iii) 50% P, (iv) 25% P, (v) 75% P + Biofertilizer-1, (vi) 50% P + Biofertilizer-1, (vii) 25% P + Biofertilizer-1, (viii) 75% P + Biofertilizer-2, (ix) 50% P + Biofertilizer-2, (x) 25% P + Biofertilizer-2, (xi) 75% P + Biofertilizer-3, (xii) 50% P + Biofertilizer-3 and (xiii) 25% P + Biofertilizer-3. The results showed that application of 25-75% P combined with biofertilizer-1 containing mixture of Enterobacter cloacaeAG-VR-B-15, AG-VR-B-56 and AG-VR-B-43 or biofertilizer-2 containing mixture of Burkholderia vietnamiensisAG-VR-B-21, AG-VR-B-08 and AG-VR-B-10 and biofertilizer-3 containingmixture of E. cloacae AG-VR-B-15, AG-VR-B-56 and AG-VR-B-43, B. vietnamiensis AG-VR-B-21, AG-VR-B-08and AG-VR-B-10contributed to maintain plant growth as plant height, number of leaves and plant diameter as compared to 100% P. Application of biofertilizers CPVS-BL-1, or CPVS-BL-3 with 25-75% P reduction also resulted in higher yield in comparison with 100% P application without biofertilizer.

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