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IDENTIFYING THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF HOAI DUC DISTRICT, HANOI CITY

Nguyen Thi Huyen Cham, Pham BaoDuong

Received: 12-07-2022 / Accepted: 18-04-2023
Agricultural enterprises play an important role in agricultural transformation and development. Together with big enterprises, which take the leading role, small agricultural enterprises are vital in terms of generating employment, fostering innovation, and promoting environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, small enterprises now face more challenges than big enterprises due to limited access to resources, lack of bargaining power, and vulnerability to external shocks. This study aimed to identify the challenges that agricultural SMEs in HoaiDucdistrict are facing. The primary data were collected from a survey enterprise’s owners and focused group discussions and in-depth interviews with authorities and representatives from the locality. The study employed thematic analysis, content analysis, narrative analysis, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). These methods focused on understanding how the interviewees made sense of their experiences, thereby exploring the challenges that they are facing. The results showed that weak business administration practices and low digital transformation as internal challenges, and the issues of tax reports, incentive policies, capital, and market access as external challenges. To help enterprises overcome these difficulties, it is crucial to remove the barriers that are hindering their growth and development. The role of the government is critical in creating a supportive environment that promotes agricultural entrepreneurship and business growth.
ĐadạngsinhhọctỉnhHảiDương: HiệntrạngvàTháchthức

Nguyen Thanh Lam, Cao Truong Son, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang

Received: 20-02-2014 / Accepted: 15-07-2014
Biodiversity study was carried in three major ecosystems, aquatic, terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems to evaluate current status and challenges of biodiversity conservation in Hai Duong province in 2013. In this study, 1,033 species of plants and 881 species of animals in the terrestrial ecosystem; 314 species of animals and plants in the aquatic ecosystem have been identified. Rare and precious species have been identified including 39 species in the Vietnam Red Book, 28 species in Government Decree No 32/2006, and 88 species in the Red list of threatened animals of IUCN 2011. The results revealed that biodiversity resource in Hai Duong is unevenly distributed, the mountainous area being richer in biodiversity than the delta areas. The study also identified 8 hotspots for biodiversity conservation. Finally, major challenges to biodiversity loss were identified such as habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, over-exploitation and climate change, weaknesses in state management and lack of public awareness.
SWAT model applications in Vietnam: Challenges and Future Perspectives -A Review

Ngo Thanh Son, Tran Trong Phuong

Received: 06-08-2021 / Accepted: 29-10-2021
With nearly 5,000 publications in the world and more than 100 publications in Vietnam, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is clearly one of the most extensively used ecological, hydrological models worldwide. Model capability assessment, land use/land cover change, and climate change assessment are the main SWAT applications that have been implemented in Vietnam since 1990s. The objectives ofthis paper are to: (1) introduce applications of SWAT model; (2) studies on SWAT model applications in Vietnam; and (3) challenges and potentials of SWAT model development in Vietnam. The results indicated that the challenges of the SWAT model’s applications in Vietnam including data unavailability and uncertainties which led to unreliable forecast results. Therefore, future studies should be paid attention to identifying and developing availability data and reliable input data for SWAT modeling. SWAT model modification based on the global climate model (GCM), geographical and land use conditions is another research direction to be considered in the future. In short, SWAT model is an effective tool for decision makers of land and water resources planning and management in the future.
A Review of International Experiences and Opportunities and Challenges for Agricultural Tourism Development in Vietnam

Nguyen Tho Quang Anh, Tran Dinh Thao, Nguyen Huu Nhuan

Received: 21-03-2023 / Accepted: 21-06-2023
Agritourism is a popular type of tourism in developed countries, but it has been only paid attention to by developing countries including Vietnam recently. Developing agritourism brings much benefits such as diversification of agricultural activities, economic growth, preservation of cultural identity, production, and reduction of environmental pollution, but remains some limitations. This paper presents the results of the overall analysis of experiences in developing agritourism in the world, opportunities, and challenges for agritourism development in Vietnam. From there, some suggestions on the policy for agritourism development of Vietnam in the coming time are proposed.
Industrial Chicken Production - Development History, Achievements and Challenges in the New Era

Bui Huu Doan, Hoang Anh Tuan, Nguyen Thi Phuong

Received: 12-06-2023 / Accepted: 26-01-2024
In the past 50 years, with the application of technical advances, the industrial chicken farming in the world has increased by more than 400%, an average increase of 3.30% per year while FCR reduced by 50%. In addition, the decoding the chicken genome, using candidate genes in line selection and breeding, building a pyramid breeding system... have made an important contribution to promoting the development of the chicken industry. At the same time, the application of the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution such as Big Data, Internet of Things (connected things), Cloud computing (Cloud computing), Artificial Intelligence (A.I - Artificial Intelligence), Robotic Process Automation (RPA)... has helped people for early diagnose of the diseases, early detection of the sex of embryos while incubating eggs... providing active support for the livestock industry development and sustainability. However, besides the achievements, the chicken farming industry is also facing many great challenges such as globally increased price on input materials, implemention of animal welfare rights that require the chicken industry tremendous efforts to overcome as soon as possible.
Review on Contexts and Solutions for Sustainable Development of Vietnam’sAgriculture, Rural Economy, and Farmers

Nguyen Thi Thu Quynh, Tran Duc Vien, Nguyen Huu Nhuan, Nguyen Thi Minh Hien, Nguyen Minh Duc, Duong Nam Ha, Nguyen Thi Minh Thu, Luu Van Duy, Le Phuong Nam, Bui Thi Khanh Hoa, Tran Manh Hai, Dang Nam Phuong

Received: 29-06-2022 / Accepted: 21-10-2022
Opportunities and challenges recently emerging from the context of digital transformation, urbanization, climate change and globoalization have changed remarkably the role and position of the agriculture, rural economy and farmers. Based on the analysis of recent domestic and foreign studies, the authors clarified the impacts of each context on the sustainable development of the agriculture, rural economy and farmers. Digital transformation is considered as one of the priorities, as a solution to shorten the asymmetric information gap between actors in the value chain of agricultural products. Urbanization contributes significantly to changing the face of rural areas, but also causes socio-economic consequences and disturbances. Climate change is one of the bigest challenges threatening productivity, output of the agricultural sector and income of farmers. In particular, globalization is urging dramatically changes in agricultural production resulting from the demand growth in the world market for agricultural products. Thus, the authors believe that for sustainable development, it is imperative to implement four group solutions synchronously: support to promote digital transformation, take advantage of opportunities from urbanization, adapt to climate change and master the dynamicsof the globalization process.
Special-Use Forest Management and Biodiversity Conservation: A Case Study in Ba Be National Park

Nguyen Thu Thuy

Received: 13-07-2022 / Accepted: 02-03-2023
Field surveys, in-depth interviews, SWOT analysis, and secondary data analysis were conducted to assess the status of the forest resources and the biodiversity, and the management status and challenges in biodiversity conservation of Ba Be National Park. Special-use forests in the Ba Be National Park are mainly evergreen or semi-deciduous broadleaf forests on rocky mountains with rich flora and fauna. Of the 978 species of vascular plants recorded, 34 are listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book, and 20 are listed in the IUCN Red List. Among 389 animal species listed in Ba Be National Park, there are 3 bird species, 16 mammal species, and 6 reptile species are listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book; 3 bird species, 19 mammal species, and 9 reptile species are listed in the IUCN Red List. However, forest law violations in the Ba Be National Park still take place. On the other hand, forest management and biodiversity conservation in the Ba Be National Park face many difficulties and challenges. Residents' livelihoods in the National Park's core and buffer zones highly rely on biodiversity resources and forest land.
Ethnic Minority Freelance Workers in the Construction Sector in Hanoi: Migration Motivation, Employment and Difficulties and Challenges

Do Thi Diep, Nguyen Minh Duc, Ta Van Tuan, Le Tien Tung, Nguyen Thao Huong, Nguyen Duc Ninh

Received: 27-03-2024 / Accepted: 12-06-2024
Migrant labor of ethnic minorities in Vietnam has become a common phenomenon in recent years.. This study focused on researching the issues of migrant workers in the informal sector in the construction sector in Hanoi. Using a qualitative, participatory analysis method, the findings of this study show that the migration motivation of ethnic minority groups was mainly job opportunities and income. The freelance ethnic migrant workers in the construction sector faced difficult working conditions, minimal living conditions, various risks without protection, and challenges in integrating their life in Hanoi.
A Review of Theoretical and Practical Issues on Promoting the High-Tech Application in Agricultural Production in Vietnam

Nguyen Xuan Dinh, Nguyen Mau Dung

Received: 05-05-2021 / Accepted: 15-06-2021
This paper aimed to review theoretical and practical issues on promoting the high-tech application in agricultural production in Vietnam, thereby to point out the challenges and to recommend some measures for enhancing the high-tech application in agricultural production in Vietnam in the coming time. Based on secondary information and data from published papers and documents, the study showed the high-tech application in agricultural production is an inevitable way for agricultural sector development in Vietnam under the context of global integration and impacts of the industry revolution 4.0. Promoting the high-tech application in agricultural production is thus highly paid attention by Vietnamese government in recent years. Despite the remarkable achievements, the number of enterprises and farm households that have applied high technologies in agricultural production is still modest, and development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam still faces with many challenges. For enhancing the high-tech application in agriculural production in Vietnam, improving the current policy system is of high necessity. In addition, implementation of high-tech agriculture development planning, human training and credit supports for as well as the proganda on efficiency of the high-tech application in agricultural production should be reinforced in the coming time.
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementation of Reproductive Technologies for Livestock Industry in Vietnam

Bui Xuan Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Uoc, Duong Dinh Long, Phan Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Khac Tich

Received: 18-04-2017 / Accepted: 26-07-2017
The growing of world population and the increasing demand for meat and milk in the coming decades are posing challenges for the development of livestock industry in developing countries, including Vietnam. In this article we l briefly outlinedthe actual trends of application of reproductive technologies for the development of livestock industry in the 21 century,the current status of research and application of embryo transfer, in vitrofertilization, embryo sexing, cell and embryo cryopreservation and somatic cloning technique for both aspects of animal breeding and animal biodiversity conservation in Vietnam. By evaluating and analyzing the limitations of technology application due to the conditions of small-scale animal husbandry, the authors discussedthe necessary strategy for the further successful implementation of reproductive technologies.
Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus AgalactiaeSerotype Ia and III in Tilapia under Experimental Challenges

Doan Thi Nhinh, Nguyen Vu Son, Dang Thi Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Ngo Phu Thoa, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Kim Van Van, Dang Thi Lua, Truong Dinh Hoai

Received: 20-06-2023 / Accepted: 05-10-2023
The study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiaeserotypes Ia and III causing disease in tilapia. A total of 10 isolates of suspected S. agalactiaeretrieved from diseased tilapia in northern Vietnam in 2022 were used for identification by biochemical method and by PCR assays and serotyping by multiplex PCR. The results revealed that of 10 identified isolates of S. agalactiaeseven isolates belongedto serotype III (ST III) and three others belonged to serotype Ia (ST Ia). The experimental challenges on tilapia of the representative of each serotype showed that fish infected with the ST III isolates caused early and faster death than those of the ST Ia isolates. However, there existed no significant difference in the cumulative mortalities of 14 dpi between the two serotypes. The LD50of the ST Ia and ST III isolates were at 2.5 × 104and 1.9 × 104CFU/fish, respectively. The clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions of experimentally infected fish between serotype Ia or III were also similar. The circulation of S. agalactiaeST Ia and ST III in Vietnam wasreported for the first time in this study and their pathogenicity was characterized inlaboratory scale.
Impacts of Investment Projects on Livelihood and Employment of Local Peoplesuffering Agricultural Land Acquisition in Chuong My District, Ha Noi City

Pham Van Van

Received: 11-03-2014 / Accepted: 14-05-2014
The impactsof investment projects on livelihoodsandemployment of local people suffering agricultural land acquisition and the challenges of the land acquisition in the socio-economic development are of hottest debate, both in Vietnam in general and in Chuong My District in particular. The research results showedthat from 2000-2010, 2,249 households were acquired ofagricultural land with total area of 968.97 ha in the district. The land acquisitionhas contributed significantly to the change of economic structure: agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector decreasedto 22.00%, while industry and construction increased to 42.00% and trade and services increasedto36% by2010. However, the loss of agricultural land triggered some unexpected problems for some farmers, such as unemploymentandsocial impact. Specifically, the change of jobs in some households sufferingagricultural landacquisitionfor industrial clusters and parks was averagely only 16.5%. The results also indicatedthat the income of some local households was notchanged, but someotherhouseholdswith less agricultural land acquisitiongot lower incomecomparison with previous period.
Potential Use of By-Products from Ethanol Production Process as Ingredients for TheProduction of Animal Feed in VietNam

Tu Viet Phu, Pham Kim Dang, Nguyen Cong Oanh, Chu Ky Son

Received: 21-10-2015 / Accepted: 28-12-2015
The output of country's livestock sector is relatively high compared to other countries in the regionand isestimated at 4.6 million tons of meat per year. The main constraint in the sector is thehigh feed price due to the dependence on imported raw materials (estimatedat 65-70%). The total value of imported raw materials for animal feed production in 2013 was estimated at $4.1 billion. Worldwide, by-products from alcohol industry has been studied and processed into main raw materials (DDG and DDGS) foranimal feed production. Meanwhile in our country, these by-products are used in its raw form in livestock feeding or used for other purposes with low economic benefit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential uses of the by-products from alcohol industry to produce animal feed and increase the added value for these products. The main methodsused in this studywere Value Chain Analysis (VCA) and SWOT analysis. Results of the studyshowed the different value chains of the alcohol industry as well as opportunities for the use of by-products forthe production of animal feed. The results also indicate the difficulties and challenges of these application.
The Linkages between Farmers and Enterprises in the Production andConsumption of Coffee in the Central Highlands

Do Thi Nga, Le Duc Niem

Received: 10-08-2016 / Accepted: 17-11-2016
In this article, secondary data as well as primary data collected from households and businesses were used to evaluate real status and effectiveness of cooperation models between farmers and business enterprises in production and trading of coffee in the Central Highlands. Based on the analysis, we proposed measures to enhance sustainable linkages between the two actors in production and trading of coffee in the investigated region. The research findings indicated that these linkages help improve economic efficiency in households’ coffee production thanks to increased productivity, higher price, and manufacturing cost savings and improve the competitiveness of businesses (thanks to the stability of raw materials, and a source high quality coffee for exportation). However, there are many limitations and challenges to maintain or develop these current linkages, particularly in the production process, product sales, or access to supportive policies. Thus, in order to promote sustainable linkages between farmers and businesses in the production and trading of coffee, it is suggested to enhance the capabilities of farmers, encourage support for farmers from businesses, improve market development activities in business, and suitable subsidies from the Goverment.
Smart Agriculture: Issues and Recommendations for Research and Training

Do Kim Chung

Received: 26-07-2018 / Accepted: 20-08-2018
Smart Agriculture (SA) is one of the outcomes of the fourth industrial revolution. This paper highlights concepts, interrelated elements and technology tendencies and curent situations of SA in the world and Vietnam. The paper also points out the benefits, challenges and training and research issues for Vietnam to adopt SA. Finally, the paper suggests some viewpoints and orientations for renovating research and training agriculture’s human resource in the country including renovation of training and research approaches; continuation of restructuring agriculture sector by renovating public investment and services in agriculture research and training and moving from resource-based development strategy to renovation and innovation-based one; prioritizing SA where applicable but still considering traditional farming; implemetation of SA’s R and D program; encouraging start-ups in development and application of SA’s technologies; renovation of training program by closely meeting society’s demand, overcoming market failures in training, renewing training contents and training modes, strengthening linkages with other stakeholders; updating technologies of the industry 4.0 for training human resource in digital physical, biological and operational technologies; more attention for training in knowledge and skills for current agriculture labor force
Demand for Undergraduate Human Resources of Agricultureand Rural Development disiciplines in Vietnam

Nguyen Van Phuong, Do Quang Giam, Bui Thi Nga, Ngo Thi Thu Hang, Tran Huu Cuong

Received: 28-04-2020 / Accepted: 27-08-2020
In recent years, the world, including Vietnam is facing new challenges of labor supply in the field of agriculture and rural development, when the number of students enrolled in these fields tends to decrease. This study focused on analyzing the demand for undergraduate human resources in the field of agriculture and rural development in Vietnam in order to assess the need for undergraduate human resources training in the field of agriculture and rural development, contributing as a scientific basis for policymakers, agro-forestry and fisheries universities propose solutions to develop and support the training programs to meet social needs. The study was conducted through the collection of primary and secondary data, including surveys with the experts, trainers and employers to assess the needs of the labor force of the training sectors. As a result, there are 23 training disciplines in 4 groups selected to be in high demand and need to be invested and developed. The four groups are based on the level of socialization and industry importance based on the survey data. This is an important basis for policymakers, universities to have development training solutions and plans suitable to the training sector in the field of Agriculture and rural development in the future.
Beef Cattle Value Chain Analysis in Chuong My District, Hanoi

Tran The Cuong, Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Pham Van Hung, Duong Nam Ha, Do Huy Hung, Ninh Xuan Trung, Bui Van Quang

Received: 05-05-2021 / Accepted: 31-08-2021
The suburban area of Hanoi has advantages for the development of agricultural production, particularly beef products, due to its vicinity to the large market and diverse customer segments. The present study analyzed the beef cattle value chain in Chuong My district using interview data with actors involed in the chain in 2020. The findings showed that the beef cattle value chain in the district operated on a small-scale basis with actors across various stages of production, collection, slaughtering, wholesale, and retail, in which farmers contributed the most in the total value-added production. The chain operations were financially efficient and generated significant income for medium and large-scale producers. However, restricted by its weaknesses of being small-scale, low livestock productivity, informal linkages between actors, Chuong My district beef cattle value chain has been competing with beef product chains from not only other suburban districts in Hanoi and other provinces but also chains of imported products. To overcome these challenges, some solutions were proposed to upgrade the beef cattle value chain in Chuong My district in the future.
A Review of High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping: Progress and Application for Vietnam

Nguyen Trung Duc, Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh, Nguyen Van Muoi, Phung Danh Huan, Vu Hai, Tran Van Quang, Vu Thi Xuan Binh, Vu Van Liet

Received: 06-08-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
Double increase in food production to feed 10 billion people sustainably by 2050 is a global challenge, which requires novel breeding methods with high-throughput and accuracy. The development of computer science, image sensors, machine learning, and artificial intelligence provided scientists with new methods for quantitative evaluation of plant phenotypes in the interaction between genotype and environment. It has generated a new area for quantitative analysis of phenotypes: high-throughput crop phenotyping (HTP) combining multidimensional from cellular, tissue, organ, individual to population level. Vietnam is a developing country, agriculture still plays a vital role in economic activity and is strongly influenced by climate change. Therefore, the application of achievements from HTP technology will contribute to shorten the time of evaluation and breeding cycle and develop new resilience varieties highly adaptable to climate change. This study highlighted the history, development and challenges of HTP and its potential application for Vietnam.
Ecotourism Development in XuanThuy National Park

Pham Thi Thanh Thuy, Do Kim Chung

Received: 02-11-2021 / Accepted: 27-05-2022
Ecotourism is growing rapidly and actively contributes to the improvement ofthe livelihoods of local people, tourists' understanding of biodiversity and protectionof natural resources. The article aimedatpointingout the current status of ecotourism development activities and thereby proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of ecotourism activities in Xuan Thuy National Park. In addition to secondary information, primary data were collected from 110 tourists, 35 households participating in providing ecotourism services, 2 management staff of Xuan Thuy National Park, and 12 managers at district and commune level. The research results show that ecotourism development has had an unstable growth over the past time and was facing many difficulties and challenges such as poor infrastructure for ecotourism, low level of human resources, etc. The tourism expertise wasnot high as well as tourism products werelimited, and lackedcohesion with tour operators and routes in attracting visitors. The solutions to promote ecotourism in Xuan Thuy National Park are suggested as follows: organizing and promoting ecotourism development; improvingthe efficiency of management and protection of natural resources and the environment; investingin infrastructure for eco-tourism in Giao Thuy district.
Research on Security of Software-definednetworking(SDN) and Application

Nguyen Thi Thao, Tran Vu Ha, Luong Minh Quan

Received: 02-08-2021 / Accepted: 15-08-2022
In this article, we focus on software-defined networking(SDN) technology. SDN is a flexible, manageable, high-performance, and adaptable architecture. SDN has shownits potentials for application that require high bandwidth and flexibility. However, it also poses challenges in terms of datasecurity. To better understand SDN, we study the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of SDN, compareit with traditional network. Next, we discuss the security threats in a SDN-based network. We also present some techniques that can be used to prevent and mitigate the risks to the network. Along with theory about SDN, we implement a demo SDN system using Mininet and Onos. This virtual system is simple but it showsall the advantage and disadvantage of a typical software-defined network.
Review on International Experience inUrban Agriculture Development and Lessons for Vietnam

Nguyen Huu Nhuan, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen, Nguyen Thi Ly

Received: 21-03-2023 / Accepted: 21-06-2023
Urban agriculture plays a vitalrole in the socio-economicdevelopment of many countries, making an important contribution to achieving global food security.Urban agriculture not only provides fresh food and creates jobs and income for a part of the urban population, but also contributes to creatinglandscapes, reducing environmental pollution and improving urban community health.Thispaperpresentedthe results of an overview of some international theories and practices on urban agriculture developmentandon that basis, some solutions were proposed to develop urban agriculture towards green growth in Vietnam in the near future.The study results indicated that the development of urban agriculture faces difficulties and challenges including difficulties in accessing resources (land, water and creditand supporting infrastructure)andlack of effective planning, implementationand monitoring,leading to negative impacts related to health, productivityand environmental risks as well as market access.Research results have confirmed that the development of urban agriculture is inevitable.On the basis of assessing the current situation, the study proposes a number of solutions to develop urban agriculture in Vietnam.
Multi-Functional Agriculture or Multi-Value Agriculture?Approaches and Solutions for Implementation in Vietnam

Nguyen Thi Thu Quynh, Nguyen Quoc Ngu

Received: 19-02-2024 / Accepted: 24-06-2024
Multifunctional agriculture widely mentioned in the international literature is closely related to the multivalue agriculture direction in Vietnam recently in terms of a sustainable direction for agriculture in the context of increasing challenges. Based on the synthesis, analysis, and comparison of domestic and foreign scientific research documents, the article recommends that policymakers should apply a sequence of 03 approaches in order: by beneficiaries, by market, and by functions to build up perspectives, goals, and strategic solutions for multi-value agricultural development in Vietnam with specific priorities. The overarching perspectivethat needs to be emphasized is that developing multi-value agriculture is the task of the whole society, which needs to be implemented by developing close links between relevant actors. The key solutions are to support and raise awareness, and management skills of farm households to effectively implement combination strategies of expanding, restructuring, and increasing the depth of agricultural production and business activities.
Management of Vegetable Production Adopting Vietgap Protocol in Dong Anh District, Hanoi

Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Tran Trong, Pham Thi To Dieu, Nguyen Thi Ly, Giang Huong, Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang

Received: 01-04-2024 / Accepted: 12-06-2024
Vegetable productin adopting VietGAP protocol are significant for sustainable development and provide safe food for consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the current situation and propose some solutions to strengthen the management of vegetable production adopting VietGAP in Dong Anh district, Hanoi city. Primary data were collected through interviews with 90 vegetable farming households adopting VietGAP process, leaders of vegetable production and trading cooperatives, and local officials. Results show that the public sector (District People's Committee and relevant departments) has fully implemented production management activities, and farmer households have adopted VietGAP practices, but there were still gaps in implementation. Difficulties and challenges for management of vegetable production adopting VietGAP were identified. Several solutions to strengthen management of vegetable production adoptingVietGAP in Dong Anh district were proposed accordingly.
Evaluation on Capacity of Professional Colleges in the Red River Delta Region at Periods of Integration

Dong Thi Van Hong, Ngo Thi Thuan

Received: 08-04-2014 / Accepted: 13-05-2014
Despite the remarkable contribution to the training progress of skilled labour for economic sectors, the professional colleges face with challenges of educational qualities and competitiveness under the globalization and economic integration. In this study, the analysis regarding the capacity of those colleges were categorized in 3 aspects as such, organization and management, education quality, and infrastructure and teaching facilities according to the requirements of the Ministry of Education and Training. The results indicated that the State-owned colleges had higher capacity in comparison with those under management of private enterprises. Regarding colleges’ capacity evaluation, the number of colleges that satisfied the requirement referred to organization and management capacity showed the highest of percentage (86.4%), while the figures for education and training qualities and the infrastructure and teaching facilities were 80,8 percent and 79,6 percent, respectively. 93.2 percent of the colleges in the province met the requirements for the first criterion on training goals and missions, while only 61.7 percent satisfied the criterion on library quality. Among 50 evaluation criteria, some criteria reached rather low value: 20% for the teaching materials, 40% for teaching material quality, 40.3 percent for financial budgeting, 45% for education transfer program and 55% for international cooperation and accommodation. These findings can serve as practical basis to find suitable solutions for improving capacity of professional colleges in professional education.
Isolation and Evaluation of Antibiotic Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria on May Chang Tree (Litsea cubeba) against Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Diseases on Common Carp and Tilapia

Trinh Thi Trang, Kim Van Van, Truong Dinh Hoai, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nguyen Van Giang, Nguyen Ngoc Tuan

Received: 02-11-2016 / Accepted: 28-12-2016
Tilapia and common carp are two main cultured species with high annual production annually in freshwater aquaculture in northern Vietnam. , hHowever, there are serious problems caused by bacterial infection. The use of antibiotics is not sufficient to mitigate outbreaks of the diseases due to antibiotic resistance of the causal agentsrate are increasing. Therefore, antimicrobial compounds are potential as a new approach to overcome the challenges of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to isolate and evaluate antibiotic activity of endophytic actinobacteria from May Chang tree (Litsea cubeba) against three pathogenic bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila GL14, Aeromonas caviaeHD60 và S. agalactiaeHY10. The results showed that 9/32 (28,2%) endophytic actinobacteria isolates could inhibit at least one target pathogenic bacteria. Three isolates MTR711, MTR622 and MTL121 showed the highest antibacterial response with minimium inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 93,3 to 300,0 µl/mL, amongst these the lowest value is for MTR711 and MTR622 without significant difference. When combining three individual actinobacteria mentioned above for fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) test, the synergistic effect was found for the pair of MTR711-MTR622 against three pathogenic bacteria chosen in this study with ∑FIC ≤0,5. The combination of two actinobacteria MTR711 and MTR622 improved bacterial inhibitory effect at least 4 times compared to individual treatment. The results are motivating enough to conduct further studies on use of endophytic actinobacteria for treating pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals.

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