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Investigation of Different Fertilization Methods in Artificial Reproductionof Spotted Scat(Scatophagus argusLinnaeus, 1766)

Nguyen Van Huy, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Van Dan

Received: 23-10-2023 / Accepted: 07-03-2024
This study aimed to determine the optimal fertilization method in the process of artificial reproduction of Spotted scat. A total of 18 pairs of parent fish were selected to participate in spawning trails based on the levels of gonad maturation. Females were injected twice at 24h interval by the hormone LHRH-a (20 and 50 µg/kg), while male fish were induced once by the hormone HCG (200 IU/kg) at the same time as the second injection of the female. After hormone injection, fish were randomly selected and assigned into 3 groups including Group 1: 6 pairs used to investigate natural fertilization in composite tanks; Group 2: 6 pairs used to investigate natural fertilization in a 6m3fabric cage located at the broodstock breeding area and group 3: 6 pairs fertilized by stripping method. The results showed that the natural spawning rates of groups 1 and group 2 were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. However, the rate of fertilized eggs in these groups was 0%. For fish in group 3, the spawning rate of fish was 83.3%, and the rate of fertilized eggs was quite high as 86.2%. This indicates that the “dry method” by stripping eggs and sperms from brooders is the optimal method for the artificial reproduction of Spotted scat up to the present time.
Optimizationof Cultural Conditions for Rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilisRB.CJ41 Against Fusariumsp.

Trinh Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Minh Trung, Dinh Lan Trinh, Tran Thi Phuong Hanh

Received: 03-10-2023 / Accepted: 07-03-2024
Rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilisRB.CJ41 isolated from black pepper hasantifungal activity against Fusariumsp. under in vitroand ex vitroconditions. The objective of the study was to select the appropriate culture conditions of the strain B. subtilisRB.CJ41. The single effect of environmental factors including C/N source, carbon sources, (NH4)2SO4and MgSO4sourceswas investigated on the density and Fusariumsp antifungal activity of the strain RB.CJ41. The results showed that bean residue, mannitol and MgSO4had the greatest impact on density and antifungal activity of strain RB.CJ41. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) - Central Composite Design (CCD), a quadratic equation describing the dependence of Fusariumsp. antifungal activity with three survey variableswas determined in the form “Antifungal activity (%) = 11.66 – 0.9452A + 1.00B + 0.2713C – 0.5625AB – 0.5625AC – 0.0625BC – 2.28A2 – 2.73B2– 1.84C2.Analytical results showed theoptimal range forhigh antifungal activity of rhizobacteriumB. subtilisRB.CJ41 was7 g/lto 8 g/lfor bean residue, 6g/lto 7g/lfor mannitol and 4 g/lto 5 g/lfor MgSO4.
Investigation of Different Fertilization Methods in Artificial Reproductionof Spotted Scat(Scatophagus argusLinnaeus, 1766)

Nguyen Van Huy, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Van Dan

Received: 23-10-2023 / Accepted: 07-03-2024
This study aimed to determine the optimal fertilization method in the process of artificial reproduction of Spotted scat. A total of 18 pairs of parent fish were selected to participate in spawning trails based on the levels of gonad maturation. Females were injected twice at 24h interval by the hormone LHRH-a (20 and 50 µg/kg), while male fish were induced once by the hormone HCG (200 IU/kg) at the same time as the second injection of the female. After hormone injection, fish were randomly selected and assigned into 3 groups including Group 1: 6 pairs used to investigate natural fertilization in composite tanks; Group 2: 6 pairs used to investigate natural fertilization in a 6m3fabric cage located at the broodstock breeding area and group 3: 6 pairs fertilized by stripping method. The results showed that the natural spawning rates of groups 1 and group 2 were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. However, the rate of fertilized eggs in these groups was 0%. For fish in group 3, the spawning rate of fish was 83.3%, and the rate of fertilized eggs was quite high as 86.2%. This indicates that the “dry method” by stripping eggs and sperms from brooders is the optimal method for the artificial reproduction of Spotted scat up to the present time.
Effect of Medium and Cutting Type on asexual Propagation of Butterfly Ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium Koenig) by Aerial Stem Cuttings

Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh, Phung Thi Thu Ha, Pham Thi Huyen Trang, Trinh Mai Dung

Received: 05-09-2023 / Accepted: 26-01-2024
Butterfly ginger lily belongs to the Hedychium genus including 80 species, and is one of the important and popular genera of the Ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It has both medicinal and horticultural uses. The research aimed at studying the possibility of asexual propagation of butterfly ginger lily by aerial stem cuttings contributing a new propagation method for Butterfly ginger lily in particular as well as for other plants in generally. The experiment on propagation media and aerial stem cutting type of butterfly ginger lily were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the medium containing smooked rice husk : sand (1: 1 in volume) and aerial stem cuttings with 2 nodes were the most suitable for asexual propagation of butterfly ginger lily by aerial stem with sprouting time of 10 days after planting and shoots reaching 20.2cm in length, 0.74cm in diameter, with7.8 leaves/shoot and 7.4 roots/shoot and roots of 7.0cm long.
Study on In vitroPropagation of Purple petunia (Petunia hybrida Hort.)

Phung Thi Thu Ha, Pham Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh

Received: 16-08-2023 / Accepted: 05-01-2024
Purple petunia (Petunia hybrida Hort.), belonging to the Solanacea family, is a popular and high - value potted ornamental plant on the flower market. Therefore, in vitro propagation research of Purple petunia has been carried out in order to produce large numbers of genetically uniform and pathogen-free plantlets to meet market demand. All experiments were arranged in a randomized complete design (RCD) with three replicates. The results showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/l BA was the most suitable medium for shoot regeneration and multiplication of Purple petunia, with a high multiplication rate (19.78 shoots/explant), and a shoot height of 2.36cm after 6 weeks of culture. The most suitable medium for Purple petunia shoot nursing was MS solid medium supplemented with 40 g/l sucrose, producinglarge and green shoot and leaves. The results also showed that the suitable medium for the rooting stage and acclimatization was MS solid medium supplemented with 0.1 g/l activated charcoal (AC), resulting in the root formation rate of 100%; 12.83 roots/plantlet; 2.28 cm in root length with white, long and big roots. After 2 weeks of acclimatization in the net house, plantlets derived from MS solid rooting medium supplemented with 0.1 g/l AC had a survival rate of 100% with 6.47cm in plant height and 15.07 leaves/plant.
Effect of Salt and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth, Physiology and Content of Active Compounds of Talinum paniculatum(Jacq)

Nguyen Phuong Mai, Dinh Thai Hoang, Doan Thi Thanh Nhan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai

Received: 21-12-2021 / Accepted: 22-05-2023
Talinum paniculatum(Jacq) is a medicinal plant with high medicinal value, but information about it is still lacking.Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomize design with 6 irrigation treatments (water (control); 4 g (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)AMF; 0.2% NaCl; 0.4% NaCl; 0.2% NaCl +AMF, 0.4% NaCl +AMF).Results showed that salt stress significantly reduced the length of roots, leaves, dry matter accumulation and physiological parameters, but increased the content of active substances (saponins and total flavonoids) in T. paniculatumplant.Watering with 0.2 to 0.4% NaCl reduced physiological parameters of plants such as water saturation deficiency, ion leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency, andSPADindex. Addition of AMF improved growth and physiological parameters of T. paniculatumplants, reduced damage during salinization and helped plants to recover after salt stress.
Effect of Salt and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on Anatomical Structuresof Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.) Gaertn.

Nguyen Phuong Mai, Dinh Thai Hoang, Doan Thi Thanh Nhan, Ninh Thi Phip, Pham Thi Huyen Trang, Phung Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai

Received: 15-12-2021 / Accepted: 22-05-2023
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the anatomical structure of Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.) Gaertn. under saline condition, and the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in reducing the harmful effects of salinity on T. paniculatum.Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with 6 irrigation treatments (water (control); 4g AMF; 0.2% NaCl; 0.4% NaCl; 0.2% NaCl + 4g AMF;0.4% NaCl + 4g AMF). The result showed that salt stress has changed the anatomical structure of the stem, leaves, and roots of T. paniculatum. Irrigation with 0.2-0.4% NaCl solution reduced the size of all observation parameters, thereby reducing the absorption and transport of water and minerals in the plant. At a mild salinity level (0.2% NaCl irrigation), there were changes in anatomical structures such as decrease in density and size of stomata, increase in midrib thickness and stem diameter for plant adaptation. In addition, the anatomical changes with AMF addition help the plants exchange water favorably under normal condition and reduce the damage of salinity to the T. paniculatum.
Effects of Polymorphism of PIT1, H-FABP, PIK3C3 and CAST Genes on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Vietnamese Native Pig (Pot-bellied Pig)

Phan Thi Tuoi, Tran Xuan Manh, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Thai Anh, Nguyen Hoang Thinh, Do Duc Luc

Received: 06-02-2023 / Accepted: 27-03-2023
The aims of study were to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenesand gender on carcass traits and meat quality of Vietnamese native pot-bellied pigs raised at DABACO Breeding Pig Company, Phu Tho Province, Vietnam. At 8 months of age, 23pigs (12 gilts and 11 barrows) were slaughtered to measure carcass traits (live body weight, hot carcass weight, killingout percentage, dress carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass length, backfat thickness at the vertebra prominensC7 and the last lumbar vertebra L5) and meat quality (pH value of longissimus dorsimuscleat 45 minutes (pH45) and 24 hours post mortem(pH24), drip loss percentage, cooking loss percentage, L* (lightness), a* (redness) và b* (yellowness), shear force at 24h post mortem). The polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenes were identified by PCR-RFLP technique. The results indicated that backfat thickness and L* of longissimus dorsimusclewere higherthan those in barrows(P<0.05). The polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenes did not affect carcass traits and meat quality of the nativepigs.
Rapid In-vitroPropagation of Exotic Dragontree (Paulowniafortunei)

Nguyen Thi Lam Hai, Tran Dong Anh, Pham Thi Thu Hang, Dinh Truong Son, Dang Thi Thanh Tam, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nong Thi Hue, Ninh Thi Thao, Luu Thi Hoa

Received: 14-12-2022 / Accepted: 02-03-2023
Dragon tree (Paulownia fortunei)introduced from Canada is a woodenplantwith high economic value due to its outstanding growth rate, hightimberquality, and tolerance to insect pests and diseases. Because of exoctic origin, rapidpropagation by tissue culture to produce large quantity of planting materials isnecessary and suitable for the development of this species in Vietnam. Explants were collected from three-month-old plants. Theywere treated with 0.1% KMnO4for 30 minutes, then sterilized in 0.5% troclosenesodiumsolution for 20 minutes, followed by0.2% HgCl2for 10 minutes. Finally,the explants were soaked in 100mg/lcefotaxim solution in 10 minutes for innitialculture with survivalrate of 35.7%. The best medium for in vitroshootregenerationwas MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/lBAPwith the shoot multiplication rateof 5.43 shoots/explantand averageshoot height of 4.32cm. The best medium for in vitrorooting was ½ MS medium for 3weeks. Growthsubstratefor high survival rate was peatmoss (97.2%)after 3 weeksof acclimatization.
Roles of Cooperatives in Input Supply and Output Marketing for Rice Farmers in Hau Giang Province

Ngo Van Thong, Tran Quoc Nhan

Received: 28-06-2022 / Accepted: 27-09-2022
This study investigated the roles of cooperatives in production inputs supply to andoutput marketing from rice farmers. Data used for the study were collected from rice-farming householdswith116 cooperative members and 117 non-cooperative members inVi Thuy and Long My districts of Hau Giang province. Methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, cross-tab, and independent samples t-test to clarify the roles of the cooperatives in rice-farming households’ production and marketing. Results showed that the cooperativeshavenot played a crucial role in supplying inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides to both cooperative members and non-cooperative members. The cooperativeshavenot also played an important role in purchasing farmers’ rice but a key role in linking farmers and enterprises for the operation of rice contract-farming. Members of the cooperativessignificantly obtainedhigher revenue as compared to non-membercounterparts.
Isolation, Selection and Identification of Nitrogen Fixing Endophytic Bacteriafrom Ming aralia (Polyscias fruticosaL. Harms)

Le Thi My Thu, Tran Ngoc Huu, Nguyen Hong Hue, Le Vinh Thuc, Tran Chi Nhan, Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan, Nguyen Khanh Linh, Nguyen Quoc Khuong

Received: 19-07-2021 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
The objective of study was to determine nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteriafrom Polyscias fruticosa(L.) Harms. Thirteen leaves and 11 root samples Ming aralia collected in Tri Ton district, An Giang province were used for isolating nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria on NFB medium with free nitrogen. Results showed that the 51 isolates were isolated from leaf and root Ming aralia, in which 41 strains possessed the acidic resistance at pH 5.0. Strain LP5-L1showed highest nitrogen fixing activity, with the ammonium content of 35.3 ± 5.24 mg/l. However, strain LP1-R4 was selected for their functions to produce N, P and IAA with 31.6 ± 0.39, 18.8 ± 0.78, and 6.65 ± 0.26 mg/l, respectively. The selected strain was identified as Bacillus circulans LP1-R4 based on 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences. The efficacy of a selected strain should be evaluated for replacing N for Ming aralia in pot and field conditions.
Effects of Rice Farmers’ Participation in Linkage Systems on their Farm Performance in Vi Thuy District, Hau Giang Province

Huynh Le Tan Phat, Tran Quoc Nhan

Received: 25-10-2021 / Accepted: 05-04-2022
This study attempted to assess the effect of rice farmers’ participation in linkage system on their farm performance. Data used for the study were collected through the househould survey with 113 rice farmers located in Vi Thuy district of Hau Giang province. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to assess the impact of the linkage on rice farmers’ farm performance. Results showed that farmers’ participation in the linkagehad no impact on rice yield. However, participation in the linkage helped the farmers obtain higher selling price for rice and reduce production cost. Remarkably, the farmers engaging in the linkage system were not likely to gain higher net revenue as compared to non-participants.
Đặc tính liên quan đến tính thèm ăn của polypeptide kích hoạt cyclase adenylate tuyến yên ở vùng giữa bụng dưới đồi thông qua tăng biểu hiện peptide liên quan đến agouti ở chuột nhắt

Thanh Trung Nguyen, Yuki Kambe, Atsuro Miyata, Thanh Ha Nguyen Thi, Van Phai Dam

Received: 01-06-2020 / Accepted: 10-01-2022
PACAP được biểu hiện nhiều ở các nhân khác nhau ở vùng dưới đồi và có chức năng giúp kiểm soát sự thèm ăn. Gần đây, chúng tôi đã phát hiện ra neuropeptide PACAP làm tăng cảm giác thèm ăn ở chuột. Nhằm làm rõ hơn vai trò của tế bào thần kinh PACAP, trong nghiên cứu này, đã sử dụng phương pháp hóa sinh với thụ thể thiết kế được kích hoạt chọn lọc bằng hệ thống DREADDs và kiểm tra sự kết nối qua synap của các tế bào thần kinh bởi các vector biểu hiện synapsin. Kết quả chỉ ra việc kích hoạt hay ức chế có chọn lọc các tế bào thần kinh PACAP bởi DREADDs trong VMH, làm tăng hoặc giảm đáng kể lượng thức ăn thu nhận. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu này chỉ ra sự kết nối giữa tế bào thần kinh PACAP trong VMH với tế bào thần kinh AgRP ở vùng Arc. Những kết quả này cho thấy tăng thu nhận thức ăn do gia tăng biểu hiện PACAP trong VMH thông qua điều chỉnh biểu hiện AgRP và ức chế PACAP hoặc AgRP là ứng dụng lâm sàng quan trọng trong giám sát béo phì.
LandOwnership: International Experiences and Policy Implications for Viet Nam

Do Kim Chung, Luu Van Duy, Le Thi Thu Huong

Received: 16-08-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
This paper provided a critical review of land ownership experiencesfromdifferent countries around the world, analyzedchronological development, identifiedshortcomings and recommended land policy implications for Vietnam. By synthesizing and analyzing diverse secondary data sources, the findings showedthat multi-ownership and single-ownership types of land were existing simultaneously in the land tenure systems around the world.Unsurprisingly, the multi-ownership of land tendedto be more popular and preeminent than the single ownership manner in terms of management, use and conservation of land resources and harmonization of political,socio-economic,and environmental goals. In Vietnam, the core causes of conflicts related to land initiatedfrom of land ownershipand land property rights which are inappropriate to develop a socialist-oriented market economy. Therefore, the study proposedthat Vietnam should shortly consider ‘land use rights’ as property rights to land and fullyadaptand improve a legal mechanism for land market development. In the long term, the Land Law should be renovated by adapting land multi-ownership type to maximizing potential benefits from the land resource and harmonizing politico-socio-economic goals and balancing relations among the state, market, and citizen on land.
Assessment of the Implementation of Land Financial Revenues in Vinh City, Nghe An Province

Pham Phuong Nam, Tran Viet Hoang

Received: 02-06-2021 / Accepted: 05-08-2021
The study aimed to point out the advantages, disadvantages and causes and, thereby, propose solutions to overcome the disadvantages when implementing financial revenues from land (FRL) in Vinh city. Secondary data were collected at Vinh City People's Committee. A total of 267 households and 99 civil servants related to FRL were surveyed. In the 2016-2020 period, total land revenue was VND3,125,967 million, accounting for 24.64% of total budget revenue, wherein the land use fee was VND2,596,237 million (83.05%) and the land rent was VND397 million (0.01%). The constraints were lack of operating human resources, lack of updated land database and linkage between all levels and sectors, limited information technology application, frequent occurrence of financial obligation violations, and high rates of tax and fee in land use right transfer. The solutions recommended include ensuring sufficient human resources, fully updated land database, ensuring communication among all levels and sectors, enhancing the application of information technology, promoting propaganda and dissemination of the law, violation sanction, and improving some financial revenues.
In Vitro Micropropagation of Strawberry CV. Sunraku Introduced from Japan

Nguyen Xuan Truong, Tran Thi My Duyen, Do Thi Mai, Nguyẽn Thanh Hải

Received: 02-03-2021 / Accepted: 19-07-2021
With the aim of creating disease-free, homogeneous seedlings for growers in large quantity in a short time, this study evaluates the effect of the HgCl2(mercury chloride), BA (N6-benzyladenine), Pic (picloram), TDZ (thidiazuron), kinetin, IBA (indole-3-butanoic acid), and α-NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) at different concentrations on in vitro propagation of strawberry cv. Sunraku. Research results showed that using 0.1% HgCl2for five minutes gave 100% disease-free samples on the MS medium. MS medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/l BA and 0.3 mg/l IBA gave the highest shoot number (23.1 shoots per explant) and good quality. Half MS medium combined with 0.3 mg/l α-NAA was the best medium for rooting (18.6 roots per shoot). The research also showed that in vitroseedlings have the highest surviral rate (100%) and best development when they were grown on a mixed substrate (1 soil : 2 burn rice husks : 1 coconut fiber). The number of chromosomes (2n = 8x = 56) of regenerated plants was similar to that of the mother plant.
A Study on Value Chains of Winter Melon in Ky Son District, Hoa Binh

Nguyen Huu Nhuan, Hoang Huu Thanh, Do Huy Hung

Received: 05-05-2021 / Accepted: 02-06-2021
Winter melon production has contributed to improving livelihoods for many farmers in Ky Son district, Hoa Binh province, but production remain weakness. The study aims to assess the current situation and the factors affecting the value chain of wintermelon to propose solutions to develop the value chain of winter melon in the district. The study used secondary data in combination with secondary data. Primary data was gathered through the survey with 120 actors in value chains of winter melon including farm households,collectors, wholesalers, retailers and local leaders in 2018. The research results have shown that the value chain of winter melon in the district operates mainly through 3 main market channels. Farmers are the agents that create the highest value added in the value chain, followed by wholesale and retail actors. The study also pointed out a number of factors affecting the development of winter melon production value chain in the district, including market, policy institutions, natural conditions, the level of actors in the chain, and infrastructure and technology and proposing solutions to improve the value chain of winter melon in Ky Son district in the coming time.
Situation of Land Complaints and Sues Resolvement in Bac Ninh City, Bac Ninh Province

Pham Phuong Nam, Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Phan Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Van Thuong

Received: 11-05-2021 / Accepted: 23-06-2021
The study aimed to point out the advantages, limitations and causes and propose solutions to overcome those limitations when dealing with land complaints and sues (LCS), and at the same time to minimize the LCS in Bac Ninh city. Secondary data were collected from administrative agencies and the People's Court of Bac Ninh province. Primary data was collected from 65 officials and civil servants related to the settlement of LCS. In the period2016-2020, there were 142 land complaints and the rate of complete settlement of applications was 76.87%, while 23.13% were not settled due to complicated content. There were 44 first-instance trials and 8 appellate trials; 9.23% of people applying for a family registration certificate did not understand the law; 18.46% have not yet obeyed the law well. A part of human resources (24.62%) has not yet met job requirements. Applications must be submitted directly, which takes time and effort. Funding for appraisal of some complicated cases was still limited. The proposed solutions include improving the understanding and observance of the law by people with LCS; increasing human resources to deal with LCS; completing administrative procedures, financial investment for solving LCS; completing the formulation, appraisal and implementation of compensation, support and resettlement plans.
Efficacy of Biofertilizers Containing Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth And Yield of Maize Cultivated on Alluvial Soil in Dyke Collecting from Chau Phu District, An Giang Province in Greenhouse

Tran Ngoc Huu, Le Thi My Thu, Nguyen Hong Hue, Le Vinh Thuc, Tran Chi Nhan, Nguyen Minh Chau, Nguyen Quoc Khuong

Received: 16-04-2021 / Accepted: 09-07-2021
Objective of this study was to determine the effects of three biofertilizers containing P-solubilizing bacterial strainson growth and yield of maize cultivated on alluvial soil in dyke collecting from Chau Phu district, An Giang province. The pot experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 13 treatments, 4 replications. Treatments included (i) 100% P, (ii) 75% P, (iii) 50% P, (iv) 25% P, (v) 75% P + Biofertilizer-1, (vi) 50% P + Biofertilizer-1, (vii) 25% P + Biofertilizer-1, (viii) 75% P + Biofertilizer-2, (ix) 50% P + Biofertilizer-2, (x) 25% P + Biofertilizer-2, (xi) 75% P + Biofertilizer-3, (xii) 50% P + Biofertilizer-3 and (xiii) 25% P + Biofertilizer-3. The results showed that application of 25-75% P combined with biofertilizer-1 containing mixture of Enterobacter cloacaeAG-VR-B-15, AG-VR-B-56 and AG-VR-B-43 or biofertilizer-2 containing mixture of Burkholderia vietnamiensisAG-VR-B-21, AG-VR-B-08 and AG-VR-B-10 and biofertilizer-3 containingmixture of E. cloacae AG-VR-B-15, AG-VR-B-56 and AG-VR-B-43, B. vietnamiensis AG-VR-B-21, AG-VR-B-08and AG-VR-B-10contributed to maintain plant growth as plant height, number of leaves and plant diameter as compared to 100% P. Application of biofertilizers CPVS-BL-1, or CPVS-BL-3 with 25-75% P reduction also resulted in higher yield in comparison with 100% P application without biofertilizer.
Land use Recommendation for Development of Sugar Apple (Annona squamosaL.)in Dong Trieu Town, Quang Ninh Province

Nguyen Ngoc Hong, Tran Trong Phuong, Nguyen Dac Nhan

Received: 01-02-2023 / Accepted: 18-04-2023
The study aims to assess the suitability of the land and propose the use of the land for the cassava growing area to serve the development of the crop-growing area for Dong Trieu town, Quang Ninh province. At present, Dong Trieu town has 956.8ha of custard-apple trees, which have been verified for the effectiveness of this product. The land suitability assessment method is used to find the suitable area in administrative units for the custard apple tree. The study investigated and surveyed within 7 communes and wards (Binh Duong, Binh Khe, Trang Luong, Viet Dan, Tan Viet, An Sinh, Trang An) which are localities where households are developing planting models. na. From the map of land units along with the growth requirements of custard apple, the results have determined that there are 3,555.28ha at an appropriate level for na and 317,441.96ha at a less suitable level in the whole town of Dong Trieu as a basis. to propose an increase of 105.3ha of custard apple cultivation area by 2030 in An Sinh, Binh Khe, Trang Luong and 37.6ha in some other localities.
Factors Affecting The Employees WorkQualityin Informal Enterprises in Hanoi

Chu Thi Lan, Quyen Dinh Ha

Received: 18-06-2014 / Accepted: 01-09-2014
Improving the quality of employment in general and employment in the informal sector is of particularly urgent requirement today. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of employment, to identifythe measurement of the quality employment, analyze factors of employment quality evaluation and propose some solutions to improve the quality of employment in Hanoi informal sector using qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis was done through testing Cronbach's Alpha scale reliability coefficient, Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA and regression factors affecting the level of job satisfaction of employees. The study results showed that five elements constituting employment quality: (1) working time and rest, (2) wages, (3) skill development and relationships at work, (4) insurance policy and job security and (5) working conditions.
Detection of anti-Toxocara spp. and Ascaris suum Antibodies in Naturally Infected Free-range Chickens

Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen, Nguyen Thi Hop, Do Trung Dung, Pham Thi Toi, Dong The Anh, Nguyen Van Phuong, Nguyen Thi Hong Chien

Received: 26-08-2020 / Accepted: 18-01-2020
The purpose of this study was to detect anti-Toxocara spp. and Ascaris suum antibodies in freely raised chickens. Two hundred and fifty-one serum samples were collected at the fresh market (Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi) and some small-scale free-range chicken farms (Bac Giang Province). Indirect ELISA was applied using As-SWAP crude antigen to screen and choose serum samples which showed positive reactions with anti-ascarid antibodies and using Tci-ES and Asm-ES antigens to discriminate infecting species. Next, Toxocara Western Blotting Kit was applied to confirm Toxocara infection, and pre-adsorbed ELISA was conducted to confirm A. suum infection. The results showed that: 38.65% of serum samples contained anti-ascarid antibodies. Additionally, the result of discrimination of infecting species assumed that 11.55% and 2.79% samples containing anti-Toxcocara spp. and anti-A. suum antibodies, respectively. This is the first study to detect Toxocara spp. and A. suum in naturally infected free-range chickens. The attained results of this study provides important information for chicken farmers in protecting themselves in order to avoid exposure to ascarid egg-contaminated soil. Besides, it gives evidence of the risk of getting A. suum infection in humans in Vietnam.
NEW TRADE THEORY: NEW EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

Hoang Chi Cuong , DoThiBichNgoc, BuiThiThanh Nhan

Received: 15-04-2013 / Accepted: 18-06-2013
This paper employs Gravity model, first used by Tinbergen (1962), and a panel data of country pairs between Vietnam and her 18 major/stable trading partners in the period from 1995 to 2011. This is for the purpose to assess the impact of the “index of similarity in GDP size” (SIMSIZE in short) on imports and exports of Vietnam. The empirical results show that the index of similarity in GDP size promotes strongly Vietnam’s exports. By contrast, there is no evidence that demonstrates convincingly that this index induces the country’s imports. These investigations can somewhat contribute to the existing literature on the “New Trade Theory”, which was initiated in the late 1970s and in the early 1980s, in terms of testable implications from gravity models that emphasize in the case study between some developing countries.JEL Classifications: F13, F14, F15
Effects of the size of expanded claysonthe growth and yield of perilla (Perilla frutescens)

Le Thi Thanh Nhan, Chu Duc Ha, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen Van Loc

Received: 06-07-2020 / Accepted: 16-10-2020
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of expanded on the growth and yield of perilla plant (Perilla frutescens). The experiments consisted of 5 expanded clay sizes: G1 (1.0cm), G2 (2.0cm), G3 (3.0cm), G4 (4.0cm), and G5 (5.0cm); was arranged in in randomized complete block (RCB) with 3 replications.The results revealed that the small size of expanded clay(2cm) was suitable for the growth of the perilla plants. Specifically, from time of 30 and 150 days after planting, the plant height of perilla was ranged from 34.8-135.9cm, stem diameter ranged from 0.78-1.57cm. The leaves per stem and branches per stem were recorded as 16.2-55.9 and 28.57-74.23, respectively. Of our interest, the dried weights in roots, stems, and leaves were significantly higher than other formulas. The yields increased in the period of 30-120 days after planting, with the total productivity reached to 234.74 g/plant. Taken together, our results could provide a solid foundation for the application of ceramic particles in the cultivation of perilla plants.
OPTIMIZATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING SYRUP PRODUCTION FROM "SIM" FRUIT (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) FOR HIGH ANTHOCYANIN CONCENTRATION AND GOOD QUALITY

NguyenMinh Thuy, Nhan Minh Tri, Pham Thi Kim Quyen

Received: 11-11-2013 / Accepted: 24-02-2013
Rhodomyrtus tomentosaor Rose Myrtleis a wild plant native to Southeast Asia. Itsberry orfruit is sweet, edible and medicinallyused as a folk remedy for various diseases. The fruitcontains high concentration of anthocyanin,a natural polyphenol withpowerful antioxidantactivity. In this study, Sim fruitsharvested from Mang-Den, a highland area in Komtum, were pretreated withpectinase to maximize yield, transmittance (clarify) and anthocyanin in the filtrate. After taste adjustmentwith sugar and citric acid, the juice was pasteurized for preservation. The extraction by pectinase enzymes was optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that the extraction condition with 0.1% pectinase at 40oC in 60 min wasoptimal for maximum yield of fruit juice (62.93%), clarity (T=38.3%) and amount of anthocyanin (68.52 mg/L). Pasteurizationwith PU858,3 = 9.18 minutes at 85oC for 4 minutes yielded syrup withgood safety and high anthocyanin concentration.

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