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Effect of Composted Rice Straw Supplemented with Trichodermaon Growth and Yield of Three High Yield Rice Varieties MTL392, OM4900 and JASMINE85

Nguyen Thanh Hoi, Mai Vu Duy, Le Vinh Thuc, Nguyen Hong Phu, Vuong Ngoc Dang Khoa

Received: 11-04-2014 / Accepted: 15-07-2014
Experiment was carried out in green house to determine rice growth and yield on different of compost producedfromrice straw treated with Trichodermasp. Factorialexperimentin completelyrandomizeddesign was used with 2 factorsand3 replications; factor 1 (A): compost produced fromrice straw (0; 5 and 10 tons/ha) and factor 2 (B): rice varieties (MTL392, OM4900 and Jasmine85). The results indicated that the 10 tons/ha compost application in 1st Autumn-Winter crop gave 10.4% of rice yield higher than thecontrol. The application of 5 tons of compost/ha in two rice crops (Autumn-Winter and Winter-Spring) increased number of tillers and rice yield on Jasmine85 (8.08 tons/ha) in 2nd Winter-Springcrop.
Use of Pleurotus eryngiiFungus for Treatment of Rice Straw as Feed ForRuminants

Nguyen Thi Huyen, Nguyen Thi Tuyet Le, Bui Quang Tuan

Received: 18-06-2018 / Accepted: 09-10-2018
This study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of rice straw after incubation with Pleurotus eryngii fungus. In experiment 1, rice straw was treated with P. eryngiiat the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of wet weight of substrate. The incubation times were 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Each experimental treatment was done in 3 replicates. Results showed that increasing the concentration of P. eryngii and incubating time decreased the content of NDF, ADL but increased the content of CP. The content of NDF and ADL was lowest, while the content of CP was highest when incubating rice straw with 2.5% P. eryngiifor 8 weeks (P <0.001). In experiment 2, rice straw was treated with P. eryngiiat 2.5% (w/w) and manganese was supplemented at concentrations of 100; 150; 200; 300 μg/g of wet weight of substrate. The incubation times were 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Each experimental treatment was done in 3 replicates. Results showed that supplementation of manganese at different concentrations and incubating 2.5% P. eryngiiwith rice straw had no significant effect on the content of NDF, ADL, and CP. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that using 2.5% P. eryngiiwithout supplementation of manganesefor incubating for 4 weeks would be the most effective in reducing lignin content and improving crude protein content of rice straw.
Grain Yield and Biomass Potential of Rice Varieties and Orientations ofRice Residues Application

Do Nang Vinh, Ha Thi Thuy, Le Quoc Hung, Duong Ngo Thanh Trung, Nguyen Van Toan

Received: 28-05-2020 / Accepted: 16-06-2020
The objective of this study is to assess the biomass potential of rice and propose some directions to increase the added value of rice production. The method of assessing biomass potential is based on the study of total rice biomass, grain yield, yield and ratio of biomass components of popular and promising rice varieties in the Red River Delta. The results showed that the average yield of varieties reached over 12.7 tons/ha/year. The average straw/grain ratio of all studied varieties is 1.1. The average straw yield is 13.97 tons/ha/year. The average husk /grain ratio reached 20.06%, of which this ratio in Japonica varieties was 19.94%, and Indica varieties was 20.18%. The average bran/grain ratio of varieties was 13.09%, of which this ratio in Indica varieties was 13.61%, while, in Japonica varieties was 12.58%. With an average annual rice production of 43 million tons during 3 years (2016-2018), it is estimated that the country annually produces about 47.623 million tons of straw, 8.685 million tons of rice husks and 5.667 million tons of bran. Total rice by-products (straw, husk, bran) is about 62 million tons per year. The ratio of biomass residues/paddy rice is about 1.43. This is a huge source of biomass to develop the biomass industry in the country.
Methane Emission from Paddy Field Applied with Different Organic Matter Forms from Rice Straw

Nguyen Duc Hung, Nguyen Tho Hoang, Nguyen Huu Thanh

Received: 24-04-2018 / Accepted: 04-10-2018
This study was conducted to investigate CH4 emission as influenced by different organic matter forms from rice straw applied to paddy field (Eutric Fluvisols) planted with rice culivar Khang Dan 18 in the Spring and Summer seasons of 2015 and 2016. Keeping inorganic NPK level constant (100 kg N, 80 kg P2O5 and 80 kg K2O/ha), organic matter amendments included chopped rice straw (4500 kg/ha1), biochar produced from rice straw and compost (produced from 4500 kg rice straw). The emission rates of CH4 were measured by using the closed chamber method. Results showed that CH4 emission rates differed markedly with the forms of organic matter application. Pure application of mineral fertilizers yielded lowest CH4 emission rate but highest rice grain yield. In contrast, amendment with chopped rice-straw resulted in highest CH4 emission rate and lowest rice grain yield. Biochar and compost application lowered CH4 emission rate as compared with rice straw amendment. However, application of compost maintained rice yield comparable to mineral fertilizer.
Barriers and Solutions Proposed for Scaling - out the Sustainable Rice Productionin the Mekong River Delta

Le Canh Dung, Vo Van Tuan

Received: 11-02-2024 / Accepted: 12-04-2024
Sustainable rice production (SRP) is one of the solutions to help increase the value of rice, while contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve the government's Net zero goal. Implementing and scaling-out SRP meeting standards are a challenge for the rice industry and localities. This study aimed to assess the current situation,barriers and influencing factors to propose solutions for developing the SRP in the Mekong Delta. The study surveyed 318 farming households implementing the SRP standard in 3 provinces An Giang, Dong Thap and Can Tho in 2022. Besides descriptive statistics, the study used binary regression to determine influencing factors and level of compliance with SRP standards. The results show that about 7.2% of farming households met the SRP standard. The education level of the household head, land area size and contract production exerted a positive influence on the probability of meeting the SRP standard. Proposed solutions to increase the proportion of farming households that meet SRP standards are to improve farmer capacity, increase the proportion of young people in production, and improve straw collection and stubble treatment, local service infrastructure, and contract farming according to the rice value chain approach.
Uptakeof N, P, K byRicePlantsin Acid Sulfate Soils of the Mekong Delta

Ngo Ngoc Hung, Le Van Dang, Lam Ngoc Phuong

Received: 12-09-2018 / Accepted: 27-05-2019
The objectives of the research were todetermine: (i) N, P,and K contentsof rice plantsand (ii) uptake requirements for N, P,and K to produce rice grain in dry and wet seasonsin Mekong Delta acid sulfate soils. Field demonstration plots of 1.000m2were conducted on acid sulfate soils located atfive locations in the Mekong Delta, during the wet season (WS) 2015 and the dry season (DS) of 2015-2016. The locations were Phung Hiep- Hau Giang, Hon Dat- Kien Giang, Hong Dan-Bac Lieu, Long My-Hau Giang, and Thap Muoi-Dong Thap. For each location, three farm plots with the same soil type were selected. Results showed thatthe average contentsof N, P, K in the grains were 1.08% N, 0.44% P2O5, 0.33% K2O, respectively. The figures f in rice straw were 0,62% N, 0,27% P2O5, 1,67% K2O, respectively.To produce one ton of grain, the rice plant took-up 17 kg N - 7 kg P2O5and 20 kg K2O. The average rice yield in the wet season was 5.0 tha-1andin dry season was 7.0 t ha-1.In the case without return ofrice straw into the soil, the amount of N, P, K removed by rice grain was 54 kgN - 22 kg P2O5- 16,5 kg K2O, in WS and75,6 kg N - 30,8 kg P2O5- 23,1 kg K2O in DS.
Determination of Emission Level of Selected Air Pollutants fromBurning of Rice Straw in the Open Field in Gia Lam District, Hanoi

Pham Chau Thuy, Do Thi Mai, Nghiem Trung Dung

Received: 09-02-2018 / Accepted: 10-04-2018
This study was conducted to determine selected air pollutant emissions to the atmospheric environment from burning of rice strawin theopen field. The experiments were conducted at six different paddy fields in Gia Lam district, Hanoi. The particulate matter, PM2.5 andPM10, were collected by mini-volume samplers (5L min-1) and CO was sucked into bags and analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. CO2was determined continuously by Lutron GCH- 2018 gas sensor. Meteorological conditions were measured by handheld device. The results showed that the combustion efficiency were larger than 0.9, meaning that all major combustion processes were flame ignited. The concentrations of CO and CO2from rice straw burning varied between 10.21 ÷ 56.03 mg/m3and 734.5 ÷ 1221.2 mg/m3, respectively, similar to other studies in the same burning mode. PM2.5, PM10concentrations ranged from 0.71 to 29.07 mg/m3and 3.22 to 37.31 mg/m3, respectively, higher than the results of rice straw burning studies in Thailand and similar to the results in China. This emission level was much higher than the background level and much larger than the level justified in QCVN 05:2013 and WHO, causing air pollution and this may affect health of people living around the burning area. The results of the study provide an useful information for further research to determine the emission factors from rice straw burning and more accurate calculation on the amount of emissions from rice straw burning in agricultural production in Vietnam.
Effectiveness of Rice Straw Burrying with Microbial Products in Rice Production Following Organic Production Direction at Gia Lam, Ha Noi

Pham Tien Dung, Nguyen Xuan Xanh

Received: 15-01-2012 / Accepted: 21-05-2012
A study of burrying rice straws combined with two microbial product treatments (Bio-plant and Trichoderma) was conducted in spring rice and summer rice seasons on Red River alluvial soils of Ha Noi University of Agriculture. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design. Research results pointed out that rice straw burrying with and without microbial product treatment led to differences in growth and development of rice plants. Observations indicate statistically significant differences in leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation, yield components and grain yield. The use of Bio-plant product combined with rice straw burrying brought higher rice yield than Trichoderma product and control (without microbial treatment, with the summer crop yield of 40.5; 38.0 and 36.5 quintal ha-1, respectively. The treatment of rice straws with Bio-plant product gave higher income by VND 5.2 to 6.5 millions per crop hecta-1.
Experimental Results of A Single Element Parameters of Straw Chopping Parts Combined with Threshing Machines

Nguyen Van Tam, Le Minh Lu, Nguyen Xuan Thiet

Received: 06-06-2013 / Accepted: 22-08-2013
Research on rice harvesters/combiners towards particle separation and the short straw chopped into short segments to efficiently exploit post-harvest straw has been carried out in recent years at the Faculty of Engineering, Hanoi University of Agriculture. Principles of structure and model of straw chopping machine was presented. In this study, the authors provieded additional research and experimentation results of single element parameters affecting the cutting quality and cutting energy cost for operation of chopping straws. The findings can serve as the basis for studying multiple factors to find optimal parameters. Research showed the effect domain of cutting speed v(m/s), the supply quantity q(kg/s) and clamp angle (degrees) on the quality of cut x(%) and the specific energy costs Ne(kW.s/kg).
Current Status and Scenarios for ReducingMethane Emissionfrom Smallholders’ Semi- Intensive Beef Cattle Production System in QuangNgai Province

Dinh Van Dung, Le Dinh Phung, Le Duc Ngoan, Timothy D Searchinger

Received: 21-01-2016 / Accepted: 29-04-2016
The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of enteric methane emission and to develop scenarios to reduce methane emission per unit product from a semi-intensive cattle production system. Methane emission was estimated according to the tier 3 of IPCC (2006) method. Results showed that average enteric methane emission was estimated at 33.4 kg/animal/year and enteric methane efficiency was 11.23 kg CO2eq/kg daily weight gain (DWG). Results of scenarios indicated that increasing dietary concentrate levels from 30-40% for cows and 35-45% for cattle > 1 year old resulted in increased DWG from 50 to 83% with reduced enteric methane efficiency from 24 to 31% compared to the current cattle keeping practice (20% for cows and 25% for cattle > 1 year old). The use of forage mixture of elephant grass, rice straw and ruzzi grass or elephant grass, maize foliage and rice straw resulted in increased DWG and reduced enteric methan efficiency compared to elephant grass and rice straw mixture.
Establishment ofthe Machine Model and BuildingaReasonable Working Mode for Windrow Straw Harvester

Nguyen Trong Minh, Bui Viet Duc

Received: 26-01-2018 / Accepted: 10-08-2018
Rice straw after harvest need to cut and dry before collection and storage. Large volume of rice straw to be handled in a short time requires mechanical operation. At present, the collection system was established, but the number, types and features remain limited and mainly used to collect straw after harvest. The article introduces the basis for the establishment and construction of a rational working mode of the windrow straw harvester. The machine system was designed on the basis of combining two-wheeled tractor power and rice harvesting device widely used today. With this solution, a windrow straw harvester can be quickly constructed with a reasonable working mode, meeting the practical requirements and raising the efficiency of agricultural production.
Evaluating the Growth and Yield of King Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotuseryngii(DC.:Fr.) Quél)on Different Substrates

Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, Ngo Xuan Nghien, Nguyen The Thang, Tran Dong Anh, Nguyen Xuan Canh, Nguyen Van Giang, Tran Thi Dao

Received: 12-11-2015 / Accepted: 05-05-2016
King Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.Quél) is a delicious, edible fungus, high nutritional and medicinal values. King oyster mushroom’s fruiting bodies are of large size, pretty shape, so for these advantages, this mushroom is called "King Oyster mushroom” . From the assessment results on indicators of growth and development of 6 spawns of King Oyster mushrooms (P. eryngii) in cutivating period, King oyster mushroom strain E1 have been selected.With these results, some agricultural wastes abundant such as: rice straw, sawdust, corn cob, rice bran… were comparatively evaluated as substrate ingredient for the cultivation of King oyster mushroom strain E1. Formula for substrate mixture: 40% rice straw + 20% corn cob + 19% sawdust + 20% rice bran + 1% CaCO3 was the best formula giving the highest mycelium growth rate and the fruit body yield as well. The farming of E1 King oyster mushroom achieve the highest efficiency on the formula 5 (59,4%).

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