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Morphological Characteristics of Seedless Soan Orange (Citrus sinensis(L.) cv. Soan)Discovered in Hau Giang Province

Nguyen Ba Phu, Nguyen Quoc Si, Nguyen Bao Ve

Received: 14-02-2021 / Accepted: 29-10-2021
This study described the plant morphology of seedless orange, Citrus sinensis(L.) cv. Soan discovered in Hau Giang provinceThe description of plant morphology was based on IPGRI (1999) descriptors for Citrus spp. by collecting 30 samples of leaves, flowers and fruits per tree of seedless and seedy trees.The results showed that, seedless Soan orange tree had some plant morphological characteristics that were different from those of the seedy tree such as the ratio of leaf length/leaf width (1.55 > 1.42), the ratio of petal length/petal width (2.49 > 2.21); the ratio of ovary height/ovary diameter (0.91 > 0.82), the ratio of fruit height/fruit diameter (0.93 > 0.90). This can be used to identify the seedless Soan orange tree. Fruits of seedless Soan orange collected in March and in September 2016) possessed a total of 2.25 seeds/fruit, 93.3% of fruits had total number of seeds less than 5 and 100% of fruits had the number of plump seeds less than 5. In addition, most of the plant morphological characteristics s of seedless Soan orange were not different from those of seedy Soan orange.
MORPHOLOGY AND AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME MORNING GLORY (Ipomoeaspp.) ACCESSIONS

DuongThiDuyen, NinhThiPhip, NguyenTatCanh, BuiTheKhuynh

Received: 26-05-2017 / Accepted: 10-12-2017
A study was conducted to characterize the variation in morphological and agronomical characteristics among 7 Ipomoeaaccessionsoriginated from Vietnam and China. Results from the study showed that the plants were diverse in stem color, leaf shape, leaf pubescence, leaf lobing patterns, calyx, stamen, ovary, corolla shape and color, fruit and seed. These can be used as useful parameters for species identification. The results showed that 7 Impomeaaccessions belonged to three distinct species: (1) Ipomoea nil(L.) Roth (IP1, IP3, IP5, IP6); (2)Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth (IP4, IP7); (3)Ipomoea indica(Burm.) Merr (IP2).In addition, 7 accessions were also recorded with variation in agronomical traits such as dry matter, SPAD index, yield and yield components. Highest 1000-seed weight was obtained in IP1 (46.66 g), followed by IP3 with 46.45 g and lowest in IP2 with 32.52 g. GB2 was the one with smallest seed size. A high variation in seed yield was also recorded among 7 Ipomoea accessions.Seed yield varied from 11.03 g plant-1in IP7 to 19.01 g plant-1in IP2.
Effects of Gamma Co60Irradiation for Some Local and Imported Rice Varieties

Nguyen Thi Mien, Nguyen Trong Khanh, Tran Van Quang

Received: 05-08-2021 / Accepted: 29-10-2021
This study was carried out to effects of gamma ray irradiation of irradiation Co60 source forsome local and imported rice accessions. This experiment was designedwith 3 dose (200Gy, 300Gy and 400Gy) on the mutagenesisof three rice (12% seed humidity). At generation M1, the results showed that the seed germination and survival percentage of all rice accessions decreased with the increase of the irradiation doses. Mutated plants with shorter growth duration, lower plant height, more upright flat leaves appeared, greater tillering capacity with high mutation frequency at irradiation dose of 200Gy, 300Gy for imported rice varieties NN1, NN3 in the M2generation. The mutation appeared with very low frequency when irradiating the local rice variety Khau Mang. Selection on M3generation of 200Gy and 300Gy irradiation treated varieties NN1 and NN3 picked up some promising rice lines with short growth duration, short plant height, more upright flat leaves appeared and high tillering capacity. To sum up, gamma Co60irradiation at 200Gy and 300Gy dose on dried seeds could renovated some agronomic traits such as growth duration, plant height, flag leaf morphology and tillering capacity on two imported rice varieties NN1 and NN3.
Investigation and Selection of Indigenous Plants for Potential Treatment of Soil Contaminated with Chromiumin Long Khanh City, Dong Nai Province

Nguyen Thanh Hung, Mai Huong Tra
The purpose of this studywas to focuson screening native plants capable of absorbing heavy metal chromium (Cr)to treat contaminated soil. By field investigation method combined with a greenhouse experiment to determine growth capacity, critical points, TF and BF coefficient, 48 plant species with their outer morphology specific to heavy metal hyper-accumulator were collected. After examining scientific names, making a checklist of plant species, the results showed that there were 16 orders, 21 families, 37 genera capable of accumulating heavy metals. Among them, 4 plant speciesweresurvived in Cr contaminated soil from 150- 350mg/kg dried soil concluding: (1) Cyperus rotundusL., (2) Cynodon dactylon(L) Pers., (3) Amaranthus spinosusL., (4) Solanum nigrumL. in which Solanum nigrumL. is dominant in terms of both biomass andthe transportas well asbioaccumulation coefficient. Under normal farming conditions and soil contaminated with Cr concentration of 150- 350 mg/kg, Solanum nigrumL.hasgrownwell and attainedthe highest Cr treatment efficiency in contaminated soil from 150- 250 mg/kg dried soil.
Morphological, Anatomical and Flowering Characteristics ofSome of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgarisL.)Accessions

Ninh Thi Phip, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Dinh Thai Hoang

Received: 27-08-2014 / Accepted: 04-06-2015
A total of12 mugwort assessions (G1to G15) collected from thep rovinces in Northern Viet Namwere characterized on morpholoy, anatomy and flowering. The resuts showed thatthemugwort accessions were rather diverse instem color (green -G13, G14; purple green G1, G2 - and purple -G4), flower color (white and light yellow), plant height (from 32.45 cm in G7 to 148.8 cm in G2), branching (from 7.25 branches/plant in G1 to 29.75 branches/plant in G9), and flowering. Flowering of mugwort started from September (G1, G2) to November (G13, G14) and time from flowering to ripping seeds was onemonth in all of accessions. The high of fertility rate (>90%) of pollenwasobservedin all assessions. Seed shape and 1000 seed mass (0.1 -0.2 g) wereassession-specific.
In vitroGrowth and Development of Chrysanthemum sp. on the Iron Nano Supplemented Media

Duong Tan Nhut, Nguyen Viet Cuong, Hoang Thanh Tung, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hien, Do Manh Cuong, Vu Thi Hien, Nguyen Ba Nam, Nguyen Phuc Huy, Vu Quoc Luan, Nguyen Hoai Chau, Ngo Quoc Buu

Received: 25-07-2014 / Accepted: 09-10-2015
The novel properties of nano metals including iron nano havemadethem a source of new materials which areapplied in a various fields inindustry, agriculture and medicine. However, the effects of iron nano on plant tissue culture have hardly been investigated. This study was conducted to determine the effects of individual iron nano with concentrations from 0 - 35 mg/l or in combination with Fe-EDTA on the growth and development of Chrysanthemumsp. cultured in vitro. In vitro Chrysanthemumshoots (2 cm high,2 pairs of leaves) and Chrysanthemumstem segments (2 node/segment) were used as the source materials for this experiment. After 30 days of culture, all shoots from stem segments on iron nano media (0 - 15 mg/l) appeared interveinal chlorosis with chlorophyll content of leaves significantly lower (from 8.433 to 24.667 μg/cm2) in comparison to shoot-inducing MS media shoots (39.567 μg/cm2). The combination of iron nano and Fe-EDTA, in contrast, showed better results. Shoots developedwell withoutinterveinal chlorosis. After 1 month of culture, all parameters of shoots on media supplemented with 15 mg/l iron nano were highest. On the other hand, the replacement of Fe-EDTA with iron nano affected the root morphology but did not promote the growth of Chrysanthemum(in comparison to the control). Roots in these medium were small and had less root hair than the roots of Chrysanthemumplanletson iron nano combined with Fe-EDTA media. 10 mg/l iron nano and 35 mg/l Fe-EDTA appeared as the best combination for the growth of Chrysanthemumplantlets.
Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of some Accessions of Glinus oppositifolius(L.)

Vu Thi Hoai, Ninh Thi Phip, Nguyen Thi Nga

Received: 12-10-2021 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) study was performed for characterized on morphology and anatomy of 5 assessions of G. oppositifolius(RĐ1-RĐ5) collected in 5 provinces in Vietnam. The results showed that all assessions have similar morphological structures (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds), and anatomical structures (roots, stems, leaves). But there hadsome different characteristics in adult stem color (RĐ1, RĐ2, RĐ4, RĐ5 are reddish-brown, RĐ3 is yellow-green); leaf color (RĐ3 was light green, RĐ5 was dark green, RĐ1, RĐ2, RĐ4 were green); RĐ3 assession hadthe highest values of root and leaf size (the root number was 14.60 roots/plant; the leaf length and leaf width were2.33 ± 0.02cm and 1.00 ± 0.06cm, respectively), RĐ5 assession hadthe smallest values of leaf size (the leaf length and leaf width were 1.80 ± 0.01cm and 0.51 ± 0.05cm, respectively). Anatomically, the size of the parenchyma in the stem, the libe bundle in the roots, the stem, and the main leaf veins of the RĐ3 assession hadthe largest sizes. Whereas, the RĐ5 hadthe highest value of leaf thickness (palisade mesophyll thickness was 277.8 ± 6.8µm and spongy mesophyll thickness was 198.9 ± 10.3µm).
Study on Botanical and Horticultural Characteristics of Aerides odorataLour.in Gia Lam, Hanoi

Phung Thi Thu Ha, Tran Anh Tuan, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh

Received: 16-06-2023 / Accepted: 20-11-2023
Aerides odorataLour. - a popular ornamental plant with medicinal value - belongs to the genus Aerides, which has pale green flowers with cinnamon fragrance. The present research is the first detailed study on thebotanical characteristicsand growth of A. odorata, creating the basis foridentification, conservation, hybridization and selection of this species. The experiment was arranged in sequential blocks without repetition. The results show that A. odoratahas epiphytic root divided into two parts with distinctly different colors including the root tip and absorption zone with 19.3 vascular bundles per root. Stems are green, vascular bundles of stem scattered with 192.2 bundles and their size ranged 0.17-0.2 ×0.25-0.27mm. Leaf tissue microdissection shows round and oval mesophyll cells, lateral veined vascular bundles located in the center of the leaf blade and midrib veined vascular bundle located at one-third of the leaf blade towards the lower epidermis; the size of the midrib vascular bundle is 0.19 ×0.25mm. Racemose inflorescences ranges between 20-42cm in length with 15-36 flowers/inflorescence with drop shape. Flowers are pale green then turn to white, fragrant, ranging 2.8-3.5cm in diameter. Inflorescences appear in late July to August, bloom in September and end flowering in early November with 1-2 inflorescence/plant; flower longevity was 10-13 days and inflorescence longevity lasted 25-35 days.
In vitroPropagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Dinh Thi Thu Le, Bui Thi Hai Hoa, NguyenThi My Uyen, Doan Thi Thuy Hang, Ninh Thi Phip, Nguyen Xuan Truong, Pham Van Cuong, Dinh Truong Son

Received: 07-12-2022 / Accepted: 07-03-2023
Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoidesEllis) is not only valuable as a food but also a medicinal plant used in the treatment of illnesses including jaundice, headaches, fever, inflammation, hepatic disorders, and hypertension.The current study aimed to establish an efficient protocol for in vitropropagationof Gardenia jasminoidesEllis with high multiplication rate and healthy plants. The pre-mature Gardenia fruits were the most suitable plant parts for initiation of in vitroculture. Seeds sterilized using 0.5% Presept solution for 10 minutes gave the highest sterilization (94.67%) and germination rate (90.59%). MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/lbenzyladenine gave multiplication rate of 7.29 shoots/explant. MS medium supplemented with 30-40 g/l sucrose and 150ml of coconut water/l gave vigorous growth of microshoots and good shoot quality. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA or half-strength of MS medium recorded100% rooting rate, normal root morphology, and well growing plants.
Isolation and Evaluation of Antagonistic Ability of Trichoderma asperellumagainst Soil Borne Plant Pathogens

Nguyen Duc Huy, Pham Quang Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hong, Ha Giang, Nguyen Van Vien, Nguyen Tat Canh

Received: 10-12-2017 / Accepted: 16-01-2018
Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp., have been reported as potential bio-control agents to control soil borne plant pathogens more effectively than chemicals.Trichodermaspp.were widelyspread in soil and rhizospehre of plants. In this study, Trichoderma spp. were isolated from nine samples of soils cultivated with annual and perennial crops in five different provinces in the North of Vietnam. Trichoderma spp. were identified based on morphology and molecular characterizations. Based on the sequence analysis of ITS region, the results showed that eight isolates were identified as T. asperellum and one isolate was T. harzianum. The results indicated that T. asperellum exhibited a high growth rate and high sporulation on three different substrates and strong inhibitory effect against pathogens that cause root rot disease by Rhizoctinia solani and Sclerotinia stem rot by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. Moreover, biosecurity assessment showed that T. asperellum was safe in rats at 20 g/kg. Our results revealed that T. asperellum is widely distributed in Northern provinces of Vietnam.
Study on Biological Characteristics of Onychostoma laticepsGunther, 1896

Vo Van Binh, Nguyen Hai Son, Nguyen Quang Huy

Received: 13-05-2019 / Accepted: 17-07-2019
In order to maintain, protect and develop the gene source of Onychostoma laticeps, the study of biological characteristics of O. laticepswas carried out from January 2018 to December 2018 on 300 samples of O. laticepscollected in the Giang River, Mon Son commune, Con Cuong district, Nghe An province. Results showed that all collected fish samples were in the age of ranging from 1+-3+, corresponding to the weight of 22.5-98.8 g/fish. The O. laticepsis an omnivorous species (Li/Lo was 3.08 ± 0.57). The food composition in the fish intestines was diverse, including more than 28 species, representing for 5 different animal and plant sectors, of which the algae sector was dominated (65%) compared to other sectors. There were no much differences between the Fulton fat coefficient and Clark fat coefficient, this was reflected correctly the level of the nutrient that was accumulated in fish. In nature, O. laticepsstarted breeding in early February, the average absolute fertility was 3,113 eggs, the average relative fertility was 231 eggs/g of the female. The gonosomatic index (GSI) was high during the period from February to June (Male fish ranged from 1.81 to 2.12%; Females fish from 4.62-9.80%) and reached the highest value in March (Male fish: 2.64%; Female fish: 9.80%).

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