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EFFECTOF TRICHODERMA sp. TC1 AND ITS EXTRACT ON GROWTH INHIBITION AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF Aspergillus flavusAND Aspergillus parasiticus

Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Luu Thi Phuong Thao, Vu Quynh Huong, Nguyen Van Giang

Received: 20-04-2016 / Accepted: 10-08-2016
Aflatoxins are toxic carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced predominantly by two fungi: Aspergillus flavusand Aspergillus parasiticus. These fungi are a health risk and are responsible for losses and contamination of processed foods and feeds. It is very important to find methods to inhibit the growth of A. flavus andA. parasiticus,and degrade aflatoxin. In laboratory conditions, the Percentages of Inhibition of Radial Growth (PIRG %) of Trichodermasp. TC1 against A. flavusLA21 and A. parasiticusNG10 after 7 days’ dual culture were 63.51% and 60.22%, respectively. However, the use of Trichodermasp.TC1mycelium has restrictions in agricultural products due to the risks of consuming the substrate and degrading the products’ quality. Therefore, its extracts are more preferred in application. In the PD media, when up to 4% Trichodermasp. TC1 extract was added, the biomass rate for A. flavusLA21 and A. parasiticusNG10 reduced to 74.00% and 60.30%, respectively, after 5 days of incubation. The toxin levels of corn samples deliberately infected by aflatoxin producing fungi were negatively correlated with sprayed on Trichoderma sp. TC1 extract. Seven days after spraying the extract 4%, the aflatoxin in samples from more than 60 ppb at the initial time reduced down to 16 ppb for A. flavusLA21 and 21.33 ppb for A. parasiticus NG10.
Isolation and Selection of Trichodermaspp. Antagonists against Pathogens CausingAnthracnose in Mango

Pham Thi Ly Thu, Le Trung Thanh, Luu Thi My Dung, Ha Viet Cuong, Nguyen Duc Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hong Hai

Received: 12-07-2021 / Accepted: 29-10-2021
Mango is a key crop and provides high economic efficiency in the Mekong Delta. However, its yield and quality are seriously affected by anthracnose disease. In order to select Trichoderma spp. with high antagonistic activity against disease fungi, 17 soil samples were collected from healthy plots in Hau Giang and other provinces in the Mekong Delta. A total of 56 strains of Trichodermaspp. were isolated and 14 strains were selected for high antagonistic activity against fungi causing anthracnose. Among those, strains Tr.X1, Tr.X2, Tr.X3, Tr.X4, T1, M2 and Tr.X2, Tr.X3 exhibited the most antagonistic activity from 77.76-86.25% inin vitro,and 75.3-72.01% in the net house. The strains were identified as Trichoderma harzianum(Tr.X2) and Trichoderma asperellum(Tr.X3) and they have potential of biological control to anthracnose in mango.
Isolation and Evaluation of Antagonistic Ability of Trichoderma asperellumagainst Soil Borne Plant Pathogens

Nguyen Duc Huy, Pham Quang Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hong, Ha Giang, Nguyen Van Vien, Nguyen Tat Canh

Received: 10-12-2017 / Accepted: 16-01-2018
Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp., have been reported as potential bio-control agents to control soil borne plant pathogens more effectively than chemicals.Trichodermaspp.were widelyspread in soil and rhizospehre of plants. In this study, Trichoderma spp. were isolated from nine samples of soils cultivated with annual and perennial crops in five different provinces in the North of Vietnam. Trichoderma spp. were identified based on morphology and molecular characterizations. Based on the sequence analysis of ITS region, the results showed that eight isolates were identified as T. asperellum and one isolate was T. harzianum. The results indicated that T. asperellum exhibited a high growth rate and high sporulation on three different substrates and strong inhibitory effect against pathogens that cause root rot disease by Rhizoctinia solani and Sclerotinia stem rot by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. Moreover, biosecurity assessment showed that T. asperellum was safe in rats at 20 g/kg. Our results revealed that T. asperellum is widely distributed in Northern provinces of Vietnam.
Resistance to Orange-Rot Fungus Penicillium digitatumof Culture Solutionsfrom Trichoderma

Vu Xuan Tao, Tran Bao Tram, Nguyen Thi Hien, Nguyen Xuan Canh, Thai Hanh Dung, Hoang Phuong Thao, Nguyen Nhat Tan, Nguyen Tran Ha Anh, Tran Van Tuan

Received: 23-06-2020 / Accepted: 29-09-2020
Trichodermais a genus of fungus potential for probiotic preparation because it is safe and has strong resistance against many fungal species.The objective of this study was to evaluate the P. digitatumantifungal ability of Trichodermaculture in order to find the potential fungal strains for the production of P. digitatumantifungal probiotics that cause orange rot.In this study, twenty Trichodermasamples (Tr.HG1 - Tr.HG20)were isolated from orange-growing soil in Ha Giang province, of which Tr.HG6 and Tr.HG11 samples were assessed as being highly resistant to P. digitatumcausing orange rot(The diameters of the resistant zones were 64,0 ± 1,0 and 45,3 ± 1,5 mm, respectively). Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence of ITS region of rDNA, Tr.HG6 and Tr.HG11 samples were identified as Trichoderma asperellum. On PDB media, after 72 h of incubation at 30°C, cultures of two strains of T. asperellum Tr.HG6 and Tr.HG11 showed the strongest P. digitatum resistance(The diameters of the resistant zones were 64.0 and 45.3 mm, respectively). The culture solution of T. asperellum Tr.HG6 showed high thermal stability and had ability to keep its high activity at 50°C. Simultaneously, the culture solution of Tr.HG6 showed the inhibitory activity of P. digitatumon orange. This study was able to select twoT. asperellumfungal strains, viz. Tr.HG6 and Tr.HG11, that had strong ability to resist fungi with great potential for applying into probiotic preparation.
Effectiveness of Rice Straw Burrying with Microbial Products in Rice Production Following Organic Production Direction at Gia Lam, Ha Noi

Pham Tien Dung, Nguyen Xuan Xanh

Received: 15-01-2012 / Accepted: 21-05-2012
A study of burrying rice straws combined with two microbial product treatments (Bio-plant and Trichoderma) was conducted in spring rice and summer rice seasons on Red River alluvial soils of Ha Noi University of Agriculture. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design. Research results pointed out that rice straw burrying with and without microbial product treatment led to differences in growth and development of rice plants. Observations indicate statistically significant differences in leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation, yield components and grain yield. The use of Bio-plant product combined with rice straw burrying brought higher rice yield than Trichoderma product and control (without microbial treatment, with the summer crop yield of 40.5; 38.0 and 36.5 quintal ha-1, respectively. The treatment of rice straws with Bio-plant product gave higher income by VND 5.2 to 6.5 millions per crop hecta-1.
Studies on Damping-off Diseases Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühnof Some Crops in Hanoi, 2011-2012

Do Tan Dung

Received: 29-05-2013 / Accepted: 15-08-2013
Rhizoctonia solani Kühnis a soil-borne fungus that causes root rot disease on a wide range solanaceous, cucurbitaceous and fabaceous plants such as tomato, soybean, cucumber, yard long bean and groundnut. Field surveys conducted during 2011-2012 in Hanoi showed that the damping-off disease occurred on all host plants in the Hanoi region. However, the disease incidences varied from crop to crop, ranging from 2.8% on tomato, 4.55% on groundnut, 7.6% on cucumber to 7.46% on yard long bean. The morphological, biological studies and particularly pathogenicity tests of five R. solani isolates from five above-mentioned diseased plants showed that all isolates were identical in morphological, biological and pathogenic features. Bio-tests of the R.solani isolates on artificial medium showed that the antagonistic fungus (Trichoderma viride) is effective in controllingl R. solani. In the dual culture test (Petri disks test), the inhibition efficacies of T. viride to two isolates of R. solani isolated from tomato and cucumber were 79.1% and 79.8%, respectively. Potting test, in which plants were grown in sterilized soil in the greenhouse showed that the control efficacies of T. viride to these two R. solani isolates were 73.2% on tomato and 76.2% on cucumber..
Effect of Composted Rice Straw Supplemented with Trichodermaon Growth and Yield of Three High Yield Rice Varieties MTL392, OM4900 and JASMINE85

Nguyen Thanh Hoi, Mai Vu Duy, Le Vinh Thuc, Nguyen Hong Phu, Vuong Ngoc Dang Khoa

Received: 11-04-2014 / Accepted: 15-07-2014
Experiment was carried out in green house to determine rice growth and yield on different of compost producedfromrice straw treated with Trichodermasp. Factorialexperimentin completelyrandomizeddesign was used with 2 factorsand3 replications; factor 1 (A): compost produced fromrice straw (0; 5 and 10 tons/ha) and factor 2 (B): rice varieties (MTL392, OM4900 and Jasmine85). The results indicated that the 10 tons/ha compost application in 1st Autumn-Winter crop gave 10.4% of rice yield higher than thecontrol. The application of 5 tons of compost/ha in two rice crops (Autumn-Winter and Winter-Spring) increased number of tillers and rice yield on Jasmine85 (8.08 tons/ha) in 2nd Winter-Springcrop.
Biological Characteristics and Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. cubense Causing PanamaDiseaseon Banana

Le Thi Loan, Nguyen Tuan Vu, Vu Dang Toan, Nguyen Duc Huy

Received: 10-05-2023 / Accepted: 29-06-2023
Panamadisease is a letal fungal diasese caused by the soil-born fungus Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. cubense(Foc). This study aimedto identify isolated Focstrainsandexaminetheir biological characteristics and the antagonistic effects of some antagonistic microbial agents against Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. cubenseisolated from collected samples. The morphological characteristic of the fungus Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. cubensetropical race 4(Foc-TR4) cultured on PDA medium varied from white to pale purple, with no spore cluster formed. There were two types of asexual spores: microconidia and macroconidia. Microconidiawereusually without septum, ovoid, oval, and 1.0-2.1 × 2.2-3.0µm in size. Macroconidiawerewith 2-5 septa, mostly with 2-3 septa, crescent-shaped with average size varying from 2.6-3.2 × 9.2-35.5µm. The pathogen Foc-TR4grew at temperatures from 15-35C. The optimum temperature for fungal growth was 25C. The appropriate pH for Foc-TR4fungus to grow and develop well was 6.0-7.0. The diameter of the fungal colony rangedfrom 74.8-77.9mm. The results of evaluating the antagonistic effect against Foc-TR4on PDA medium showed that Trichoderma asperellumgave the highest inhibitory effect (74.52%), followed by the Chaetomium globosumC10 at 67.35% and Bacillus velezensisYB9 at 61.33%. The results of this study provide more information about Foc-TR4strain and the biological controlof banana wiltdisease.
Treatment of Mushroom Culture Wastes for Use as Organic Substrate for Safe Vegetable Cultivation

Nguyen Thi Minh

Received: 20-10-2015 / Accepted: 20-11-2016
The purpose of this research was to apply micro-biotechnology to treat mushrooms culture wastes to produce organic substrate for safe vegetable production in order to efficiently recycle the organic waste resources and increase the value for mushroom growing towards sustainable agricultural development and environmental protection. Five microbial strains, including Azotobacter, Bacilus subtilis, Sacharomyces, Streptomyces and Trichoderma with high amylase, protease and cellulase and biological activities were used as biological formulation for treating the mushroom culture wastes. Results obtained indicated that the organic substrate after treatment had high nutrient content and high density of useful microorganisms that ensure the growth and development of vegetables without other additional costs. Ceylon spinach grown on organic substrate showed better growth, significant yield increase and reduced insect infestation rate. Moreover, the vegetables grown on the substrate from treatment of mushroom wastes possessed high quality standards for safe vegetables conforming to the Decision No. 106/2007/QD-BNNPTNN.

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