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A Review of High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping: Progress and Application for Vietnam

Nguyen Trung Duc, Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh, Nguyen Van Muoi, Phung Danh Huan, Vu Hai, Tran Van Quang, Vu Thi Xuan Binh, Vu Van Liet

Received: 06-08-2021 / Accepted: 09-12-2021
Double increase in food production to feed 10 billion people sustainably by 2050 is a global challenge, which requires novel breeding methods with high-throughput and accuracy. The development of computer science, image sensors, machine learning, and artificial intelligence provided scientists with new methods for quantitative evaluation of plant phenotypes in the interaction between genotype and environment. It has generated a new area for quantitative analysis of phenotypes: high-throughput crop phenotyping (HTP) combining multidimensional from cellular, tissue, organ, individual to population level. Vietnam is a developing country, agriculture still plays a vital role in economic activity and is strongly influenced by climate change. Therefore, the application of achievements from HTP technology will contribute to shorten the time of evaluation and breeding cycle and develop new resilience varieties highly adaptable to climate change. This study highlighted the history, development and challenges of HTP and its potential application for Vietnam.
The Efficiency of High-Tech Mango Production Models in Yen Chau District, Son La Province

Do Thi Nhai, Tran Nguyen Thanh

Received: 04-12-2020 / Accepted: 02-06-2021
This research aimed to evaluate the economic, social, and environmental efficiency of high-tech mango production models in Yen Chau district, Son Lan province. We applied the descriptive statistics, economic efficiency evaluating methods, and scoring technique to analyze those models' efficiency based on information from interviewing 60 households by a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that high-tech production models have brought higher efficiency in all aspects compared with the traditional cultivation techniques, especially, the model which applied multiple high-technologies attained the highest efficiency. On the economic side, high technologies' application increased farm's productivity, revenue, mixed-income and efficient capital. Meanwhile, in the social aspect, high-tech applications helped households enhance their production capability, created more job opportunities, and increased their income. As for environmental efficiency, high-tech production models minimized the used quantity of inputs such as pesticides, water, and electricity. Those models have also contributed to protecting the environment of soil.
Adaptation to Climate Change in Agricultural Production of Local People in Coastal Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province

Dang Thi Hoa, Quyen Dinh Ha

Received: 18-06-2014 / Accepted: 01-09-2014
Climate change is one of the phenomena that has a strong impact on the nature and human life in many countries, including Vietnam. The extreme weather phenomenon such as prolonged heat, coldness, floods, droughts, sea level rise...have impacted negatively on agricultural production activities, particularly in coastal areas. Giao Thuy district is one of Nam Dinh province's coastal areas, which has abundant and various resources and good conditions to facilitate development of agricultural production. However, the district at the same time faces withseveralthreats and risks caused by storms, floods, tides, sea level rise..., causing tremendous damage to infrastructure and human lives. To respond to climate change, local governments and citizens in Giao Thuy district have takencertain actions to adapt with the climate change to develop agricultural production. This articleprovidesthe first impact assessment of climate changein Giao Thuy district, with emphasison agricultural production and adaptation measures used in agricultural production in Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh province. Some measures to enhance adaptive capacity of communities to prevent and minimize harm, stability and development of agriculture in climate change conditionswere also recommended.
Maize Root Development under Hypoxia and Waterlogging Conditions

Nguyen Van Loc, Pham Quang Tuan, Nguyen Viet Long

Received: 27-12-2018 / Accepted: 21-03-2019
Waterlogging is a major environmental stress limiting maize yield in the monsoonal areas of Asia, as well as in other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate thephenotypic variation in root development under hypoxia condition at the seedling stageofdiverse maize inbred lines in 0.1% agar-hydroponic culture. The root length (RLD), root surface area (RSAD) and root volume (RVD) under hypoxia wereinvestigated by means of WinRHIZO analysis before and after the treatment. Based on the evaluation results of 30 lines under hypoxia, root development of15 selected lines was also evaluated in soil culture. Significant phenotypic variation in hypoxia tolerance in roots was observed among studiedmaize lines. Root developmentin hydroponic and soil culture wassignificantly correlated. The results suggested that nine potential lines (VNT2, VNT3, VNT7, VNT9, VNT12, VNT13, VNT14, VNT24 và VNT25)hada high ability to develop roots under hypoxia. These resultsprovide insights into the mechanisms of waterlogging adaptation and the hypoxia tolerant materials can be usedto improve the waterlogging tolerance of modernmaizecultivars at the seedling stage.
Current Status of Seed-borne Mycoflora on Rice Seed OM6976 and OM4218 and Efficacy of Plant Extracts on Fusarium spp. Isolated from Rice Seed

Le Thanh Toan, Vo Thi Tuyet Nhung, Ho Minh Thuyen

Received: 24-11-2017 / Accepted: 25-12-2017
In current rice production, discoloration of grain is one of the most important diseases, leading to reduction in yield and deterioration in grain quality. The research was carried out to obtain current status of rice cultivation and seed-borne mycoflora of two rice varieties OM6976 and OM4218 at Chau Phu district, An Giang province. In addition, in vitro activity of plant extracts was tested against Fusarium sp. that are common seed-borne infection among rice seed mycoflora. Results of interview from 60 households showed that grain discoloration, blast and bacterial leaf blight were the important rice diseases. Examination on seed-borne mycoflora from 6,000 rice grains indicated that there were 12 kinds of fungi on both rice varieties, namely Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Pinatubo oryzae, Trichoconis padwickii, Tilletia barclayana, Nigrospora sp., Acremonium sp., Penicilium sp., Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium globosus, Bipolaris oryzae and Phoma sorghina. Among them, Fusarium sp. accounted for high percentage (29.5%) in variety OM6976. The rate of Curvularia sp. was high at approximately 24.6% in variety OM4218. Eupatorium leaf extracts at concentration of 2, 4 and 8% highly inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp.
Effects of Concentration and Timing of Foliar Application of Phenylalanine on the Growth, Yield and Curcumin Content in Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.)

Bui Thi Cam Huong, Luu Thai Danh, Le Vinh Thuc

Received: 05-04-2017 / Accepted: 17-07-2017
The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors, factor A consisted of 4 levels of phenylalanine (0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm), factor B consisted of5 times the phenylalanine treatment (90, 120 150, 180 and 210 days after planting - DAP), and3 replications with3 pots/replication. The results showed that phenylalanine did not affect the growth of turmeric such as number of tillers per clump, number of leaves per clump, number of leaves in main tiller, height of pseudostem, leaf length and leaf breadth. However, the difference in clump weight and content of curcumin was statistically significant at 1%. Treatment at120 DAP resulted inhighest clump weight and content of curcumin(198.7 g/clump and 11.23%,respectively). The clump weight and curcumin contents in the 100 ppm phenylalanine treatment were higher than other concentrations(211.5 g/clump and 12.26%, respectively). Phenylalanine application at120 DAP with the concentration of 100ppm yieldedthe highest clump weight and content of curcumin (279.6 g/clump and 12.4%, respectively) as compared with the remaining treatment groups.
Establishment of ASimple and Efficient Transformation Protocol for Hairy Root Induction of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.var. abbreviata Ser.)

Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Vu Thi Dao, Bui Minh Tri

Received: 28-09-2016 / Accepted: 13-02-2017
Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.) is known as a valuable vegetable and herb. It contains several important bioactive substances, including glycoside, saponin, alkaloide, triterpen and steroide. This study was carried out to establish a simple and efficient transformation protocol for inducting hairy roots of wild bitter melon by using strain TR7 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes which carries pPE113 binary vector harbouring e-gfp gene. Major parameters were optimized including, the age of plant and position for injection. The results indicated that highest hairy root induction frequencies was about 69.66-73.33% when seven-day-old seedlings were used to infect with the bacterium using hypocotyl. After regeneration and selection, thirty putative root clones of 4 specific phenotypes, i.e. white hairs, fast growth and branching on hormone-free MS medium, were obtained. The average GFP expression rate in 4 specific phenotypic groups were about 46.7%. PCR analysis using specific primers for rolA gene and virD gene confirmed the presence of the rolA gene and absence of virD gene in the genome of four hairy root lines. It was suggested that this simple transformation protocol can be applied for hairy root induction of other varieties as well.
Heterosis ofAgronomical and Physiological Characteristics Related to Flooding Tolerance in Maize (ZeamaysL.)

Nguyen Van Loc, Nguyen Viet Long

Received: 10-11-2014 / Accepted: 22-07-2015
This study was conducted to investigatethe heterosis of agronomical traits relating to flooding tolerance in 10 maize hybrids derived from 7 parental inbred lines. The flooding treatments were applied artificially at seedling stage (3 - 4 leaves) in field conditions for one week. There was positive relationship of root length, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation and flooding tolerance ability in maize plant. Positive heterosis was found for SPAD, dry matter accumulation and grain yield under flooding stress conditions. Better growth and higher SPAD value under flooding conditions of D1xD3, D1xD4 and D2xD5 might contribute to the higher yields of these hybrids compared with others.
Effect of Potassium Fertilizer Dosage on Growth and Yield ofJapanese Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) in Acid Sulphate Soils at Binh Tan District, Vinh Long Province

Le Thi Thanh Hien, Le Vinh Thuc, Truong Thi Minh Tam, Nguyen Bao Ve

Received: 03-11-2014 / Accepted: 04-06-2015
Potassium is an important nutrient for the growth and root yield of sweet potato. An experimentwas carried out to determine the optimal level of potassium for yield and quality of Japanese purple sweet potatoin acid sulfatesoils at Binh Tan District, Vinh Long Province. The experiment was set up in a randomized completed block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications, 35 m2/each replication (7 x 5 m). The treatments were 100 kg N/ha - 80 kg P2O5/ ha combined with 5 levels of K2O (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg K2O/ha) and 80 kg P2O5/ha - 250 kg K2O/ha combined with 125 kg N/ha and 187 kg N/ha. The results showed that 200 kg K2O/ha combined with 100 kg N/ha - 80 kg P2O5/ha increased commercial rootyield of purple Japanese sweet potato by57.4% in comparisonwithzeroapplication of potassium or 31.2% compared with farmers' fertilizationpractice (100 kg K2O/ha). It was suggested thatgrowers should apply thisas recommendation for sweet potato cultivation in acid sulfatesoil at Binh Tan, Vinh Long.
Hairy Root Induction and Culture of Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge

Ninh Thi Thao, Le Tien Vinh, La Hoang Anh, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao

Received: 25-07-2014 / Accepted: 10-03-2015
This study was carried out to induce the hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge using Agrobacterium rhizogenesand investigate factors affecting growth of hairy root in culture. Among three explants (leaf, petiole and stem), leaf was found to be the most efficient explant for transforming and inducing hairy roots. Inoculation of leaf explantswith concentration of ATCC 15834 strain at optical densiy of 600nm (OD600) = 0.2 indicated maximum percentage (53,85%) ofroot induction. PCR analysis using specific primers for rolAgene confirmed the presence of the rolAgene in four hairy root lines. These hairy root lines showed fast and stable growthon hormone-free B5 medium. Between two media tested, B5 medium sustained better hairy root growth of A5.14 line than MS medium. Hairy root growth in B5 solid medium yieldedmaximum root biomass (7,67- fold higher) in 4-weeks compared to liquid, semi-liquid and double layered medium.
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementation of Reproductive Technologies for Livestock Industry in Vietnam

Bui Xuan Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Uoc, Duong Dinh Long, Phan Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Khac Tich

Received: 18-04-2017 / Accepted: 26-07-2017
The growing of world population and the increasing demand for meat and milk in the coming decades are posing challenges for the development of livestock industry in developing countries, including Vietnam. In this article we l briefly outlinedthe actual trends of application of reproductive technologies for the development of livestock industry in the 21 century,the current status of research and application of embryo transfer, in vitrofertilization, embryo sexing, cell and embryo cryopreservation and somatic cloning technique for both aspects of animal breeding and animal biodiversity conservation in Vietnam. By evaluating and analyzing the limitations of technology application due to the conditions of small-scale animal husbandry, the authors discussedthe necessary strategy for the further successful implementation of reproductive technologies.
Establishment and Optimization of Realtime PCR Assays for Detecting Disease in Shrimp Caused by Decapod Iridescent Virus 1

Truong Dinh Hoai, Nguyen Thi Huyen, Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Vu Dang Thang, Nguyen Dang Hong Ngoc, Nguyen Thanh Loan, Au Xuan Khoa, Vu Thi Lan Huong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Man

Received: 28-07-2023 / Accepted: 26-01-2024
The study was conducted to establish, optimize and validate the real-time PCR assay for the detection of Decapod iridescent virus 1(DIV1) and control of this disease in shrimp. The plasmid samples containing two target genes MCP and ATPase of DIV1 were used to establish and optimize the procedure using different probe concentrations 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2µM. The sensitivity, performance, specificity, inter-assay stability, and interlaboratory matching results from nationally and internationally standardized laboratories were used to evaluate the efficacy and validity of these real-time PCR assays. The results of real-time PCR using plasmids containing target MCP and ATPase genes at a probe concentration of 0.2µM revealed the best detection ability. The reaction detection limits were 13.6 and 14.3 plasmid copies/reaction with the efficiency at 98.9% and 92.6%, respectively. The assays exhibited high specificity (no reaction to all shrimp-positive samples for WSSV, IHHNV, AHPND, and EHP) and high stability (CV < 15%). The study results showed that two real-time PCR assays using plasmids carrying target MCP and ATPase genes of DIV1 established in this study could ensure reliability and applicability to laboratories for screening and controlling DIV1 disease in Vietnam.
SIMULATING YIELD RESPONSE OF MAIZE TO CLIMATE CHANGE WITH AQUACROP MODEL IN NORTHWEST VIETNAM

Le Thi Giang, Nguyen DinhCong

Received: 02-06-2016 / Accepted: 15-11-2016
Maize has become the second most important crop after rice in Vietnam, particularlyit is main cash crop for farmers intheNorthwest region. To seek a solutionforadapting to climate change, the impact of climate change onmaize production needs to be analyzed. The AquaCrop model was usedhereto predict maize yield inresponse toclimate change. The model was calibrated and validated for maize production at field scale in Muong Lum commune, Yen Chau district, Son La province duringtheperiod of 2008 - 2012.The AquaCrop model application under climate change scenario B2 shows that maize yield hasapositive response to climate change with apredicted increase of 2.2% in 2100 compared totheperiod of 2008 - 2012. It recommends that maize production can be continued in the study area.
FarmHouseholds’ Adaptation StrategiestoClimate Change in the Northwest Mountainous Region, Vietnam

Dang Nam Phuong, Vu Tien Vuong, To The Nguyen

Received: 06-12-2021 / Accepted: 15-08-2022
The study was carried out to determine the level of application of adaptation measures and analyse the factors affecting farmers’choice fordifferent levels of adaptation measures to climate change in the Northwest region. The study site is one of the areas most vulnerable to climate change because most people have the main sourceof income from agricultural production. Primary data werecollected by direct interviewon 438 farmer households through questionnaires. The multivariable logit regression model was used to estimate the influence of the household's socio-economic factors on the level of application of 3 mainsolutionsthat are most frequently applied by surveyed households. The results show that the education level, number of members, agricultural land area and total income from agriculture of the household were the main factors affecting the household's application of adaptation measures. Therefore, the study recommends solutions to raise people's awareness and diversify incomes to minimise impacts of climate change.
Current Situation and Solutions for High-tech Agriculture Development in Ho Chi Minh City

To Thi Thuy Trang, Tran Van Duc, Nguyen Thanh Cong

Received: 23-07-2021 / Accepted: 07-10-2021
The purpose of this study is to assess the current situation and propose solutions for developing high-tech agriculture in Ho Chi Minh city. The data compiled from reports of the Department of Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh city and survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and synthetic, comparative and inductive methods. The research results showed that high-tech agricultural production of Ho Chi Minh city has achieved high efficiency in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. The production value accounted for 59.3% of the city’s total agricultural production value and the average growth rate reached 123.12%/year in the 2010-2020 period. High-tech agricultural production (vegetables, orchids, pigs, dairy cows, shrimp, ornamental fish) of households achieved high economic efficiency, output increment, income improvement, reduction of damage rate, produce traceability, consumption market stability and close linkage with traders. The solutions for planning, developing production forms, promoting technical application, attracting investment, developing joint production, preprocessing/processing and product consumption were recommended for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ho Chi Minh city.
Leaf Image Classification Using Support Vector Machine

Phan Thi Thu Hong, Doan Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Thuy

Received: 21-08-2013 / Accepted: 29-10-2013
Computer vision is an inter-discipline research field, which has many real life applications. One of the important tasks is to identify and classify objects from their digital images. Computer vision has been applied successfully in many fields of agriculture such as agricultural automation, precision agriculture, classification of agricultural products and identification (trees, weeds, fruits etc). This paper presents the application of the computer vision technique to leaf image classification by using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental results with classification accuracy of 98% showed the success of using SVM to classify leaf images. This also showed that the approach can be employed for other practical applications effectively.
Evaluating Economic Efficiency of Coffee Production Based on Water Saving Techniques in Central Highland: A Case Study in Cu M’gar District, DakLak Province

Nguyen Phuong Le, Nguyen Hai Duong

Received: 19-03-2020 / Accepted: 06-06-2020
Drought and conventional irrigation methods are considered as reasons that make coffee growers face with water shortage more frequent and increasingly serious level in the Central Highlands. Applying water-saving technologies in coffee production has become an urgent need than ever. This study aimsto make an overviewthe types of coffee irrigation technologies being used; assess the economic efficiency of coffee production using economical irrigation technology and identify factors that hinder the application of economical irrigation technology for coffee in Cu M’gar district. Data which have been collected from 33 coffee producing households applying the irrigation technology (overall survey) and 30 coffee producing households using traditional irrigation technology (random sampling) in the study area showedthat water-saving techniqueshave brought higher economic efficiency compared toconventional ones. However, the households who have applied water-saving techniquesin the district are still very low, mainly due to the lack of investment capital, limited awareness of the producers and ineffective transferring activities.
Effect of Ecological Zones of Fresh and Brackish Water on Rice Growth and Soil Chemical Characteristics in Rice-Shrimp System in Bac Lieu Province

Le Van Dang, Ngo Ngoc Hung

Received: 18-04-2018 / Accepted: 12-07-2018
The objectives of the study were to evaluate i) effect of ecological zones of fresh and brackish water on rice-shrimp cultivation systems, (ii) chemical characteristics of soil and water of the agro-ecological zones, and (iii) the efficiency of liming on rice growth and yield. Field experiments were conducted during August to December 2013 in Phuoc Long and Hong Dan, Bac Lieu province. Results showed that, after shrimp harvest, Phuoc Long planted rice crop in August when soil salt concentration was high (ECe: 8.0 mS/cm; ESP: 13.8%). Exchange cations in the soil decreased in the descending order: Mg2+>Na+>Ca2+>K+, corresponding to 8.0>3.0>1.5>1.0 meq/100 g, respectively. Due to salt accumulation in the soil in brackish water zone, ECe and ESP were at high levels during December (5,6 mS/cm and 7,8%, respectively), unfavourable for growth and yield of rice in comparison with fresh water zone at Hong Dan. Lime application to the salt-affected soil in Phuoc Long reduced salt damage to rice in terms of panicle number per square meter, filled grain rate, and higher grain yield (by 0.6 t ha-1) as compared to without liming. However, lime application to rice soil in fresh water zone at Hong Dan did not significantly increase the grain yield.
Oestrus Inductionin Cows in Ba Vi District Using Viet Nam’s Progesterone Release (ProB)

Giang Hoang Ha, Pham Van Gioi, Su Thanh Long

Received: 06-07-2018 / Accepted: 08-09-2018
The study was performed to evulate the efficacy of “made-in Vietnam” progesterone releasing device in regulating the reproductive cycle of dairy herd in Bavi district, Hanoi, from February 2017 to November 2017. That applying of Ovsynch plus intravaginal device (ProB in the experimental group; CIDR® in the control group) resulted in high rate of estrus expression in both groups; especially during the period of 2-3 days post-treatment. In addition, the estrus rate according to BCS and parity of the cows was also assessed, which revealed that the cows with lower parity were more active with the protocol than those with higher parity (above 3th parity). It is also noted that the distribution of oestrus cows mainly concentrated on the BCS ranging from 2.75 to 3.0. With the feasible results of determinating the vaginal irritation as an effect of the devices, the authors tentatively recommended introducing ProB to dairy cows across the country.
Assessment and Selection of Marine Fish Cage Farming Model Adapting to Climate Change in Cat Ba, Hai Phong City

Bui Dac Thuyet, Nguyen Huu Nghia, Phan Thi Van

Received: 30-03-2017 / Accepted: 17-05-2017
This study aimedto assess and select marine fish cage farming model in response to climate change in Cat Ba, Hai Phongforsustainable development of small-scale marine fish cage culture in North Vietnam under climate change context. The evaluation criteria focusedon infrastructure (3 criteria), culture techniques and cage management (7 criteria),and awareness and response to climate change (2 criteria). Each criterion was evaluated, scored on a 5 point scale (5 = very good, 4 = good, 3 = average, 2 = poor, 1 = weak). The assessment results found that most criteria wereabove average, except criteria on feed use and management, seed quality control, environmental management and disease prevention. Marine fish cages “Be 6” at Lan Ha bay, Cat Ba, Hai Phong had high overall score.and thus can be selected as the marine fish cage model for introductionto local marine cage farming communityto adapt to climate change.
Chế tạo xúc tác nano MnO2ứng dụng xử lý chất hữu cơ trong nước thải chăn nuôi sau biogas

Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh

Received: 11-04-2017 / Accepted: 12-05-2017
Vật liệu xúc tác nano MnO2được tổng hợp từ mangan sunfat và kali pemanganat bằng phương pháp đồng kết tủa ở nhiệt độ thường. Các đặc trưng cấu trúc sản phẩm được phân tích bằng các phương pháp hóa lý: Diện tích bề mặt riêng (BET), nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD), phổ tán xạ năng lượng điện tử (EDX), kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM), kính hiển vi điện tử truyền qua (TEM). Kết quả cho thấy sản phẩm thu được có kính thước hạt nhỏ mịn 0,5µm, diện tích bề mặt riêng lớn 113.0601m2/g. Nước thải được lấy sau hệ thống biogas tại trang trại chăn nuôi lợn. Bước đầu nghiên cứu sử dụng hệ xúc tác cho phản ứng ôzôn hóa xử lý chất hữu cơ trong nước thải chăn nuôi sau biogas trong phòng thí nghiệm. Kết quả cho thấy các phản ứng có xúc tác nano MnO2thời gian phản ứng xảy ra nhanh hơn, hiệu quả tốt hơn so với phản ứng ôzôn hóa thông thường. Kết quả xử lý của xúc tác với nồng độ 0,02g/l mẫu nước chăn nuôi sau biogas cho kết quả hàm lượng COD giảm từ 1138,64 mg/l xuống 43,27 mg/l, đạt hiệu quả xử lý 96,20%. Phản ứng ôzôn hóa chất hữu cơ với hệ xúc tác nano MnO2là một phương pháp có hiệu quả, có thể áp dụng để xử lý chất hữu cơ trong nước chăn nuôi sau biogas.
Assessment and Selection of Coastal Shrimp Farming Models Adaptable to Climate Change in Quynh Luu District, Nghe An Province

Bui Dac Thuyet, Nguyen Huu Nghia, Phan Thi Van

Received: 20-12-2016 / Accepted: 15-02-2017
This study aimedto assess and identifycoastal shrimp farming modelsthat are sustainable under climate changeconditions in Quynh Luu, Nghe An. The evaluation criteria focusedon infrastructure (6 criteria), culture techniques and cage management (7 criteria), and awareness of and response to climate change (2 criteria). Each criterion was assessed andscored on a 5 point scale (5 = very good, 4 = good, 3 = average, 2 = poor, 1 = weak). The assessment results found that most criteria were averaging upwards, except criteria on influent and effluent systems, reservoir and site location of the shrimp farm TNT2. Coastal shrimp farms (TNT1, TNT6) had a high overall score and thus can be selected as the coastal shrimp farming modelsfor the coastal shrimp farming community in this location.
Application ofMulti-Objective Optimal Model in ForecastingDemand of Land Use for New Rural Construction inYen Dung District, Bac Giang Province

Tran Xuan Mien, Tran Thuy Duong

Received: 03-02-2016 / Accepted: 05-06-2016
In the world as well as in Vietnam, multi-objective optimal model has been used in various fields. This article reports the research results of multi-objective optimal model in forecasting the demand of land use for new rural construction in Yen Dung district, Bac Giang province. Among four land use groups identified, land use of group IV was analyzed by multi-objective optimal model with two objective functions -maximizing economic benefits and maximizing the number of jobs from the distribution of land use - and otherconstraints, i.e. natural area limit, labor resource, food security, average income, environmental sustainability insurance, rural landscape and the conformity to strategic development and local land resource potential. Test model results for Huong Gian commune apparently showed more advantages over the land-use plans being applied.
Adaptability and Combining Ability of Mo17 and B73 Inbred Lines under Conditionsin Gia Lam, Ha Noi

Pham Quang Tuan, Vu Van Liet, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Anh

Received: 03-02-2015 / Accepted: 22-07-2015
The maize inbred lines, Mo17 released by the University of Missouri in 1964 and B73, released by Iowa State University in 1972 have been used in maize improvement programs for over 50 years in the US and other countries. These two maize inbred lines belong to two heterotic groups that are Reid Yellow Dent and the Lancaster. We have evaluated the adaptability and combing ability of the Mo17 and B73 inbred lines in Gia Lam, Ha Noi to improve the domestic maize germplasm. Study results showed that Mo17 adapted well in Spring-Summer season while B73 grew well in early Autumn-Winter season. Mo17 had good general combining ability (GCA) for yield and ear length over B73. Hybrid produced from Mo17 showed heterosis in ear length, while the crosses produced from B73 showed heterosis in ear diamter. Four lines, D1, D3, D6 and D9 with high GCA values can be used in hybrid breeding program. This pointed out that it is possible to maintain and utilize Mo17 and B73 inbred lines to enhance the local maize germplasm and promote maize hybrid breeding in Viet Nam.
Soil Characteristics of Some Main Soil Groups of Thach That District, Hanoi City

Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Huu Thanh

Received: 26-08-2013 / Accepted: 20-09-2013
The soil of Thach That district, Hanoi city is divided into 4 soil groups with 8 soil types. The yellowish red soil group occupies the largest area with 6,033.71ha, accounting for 32.69% of total natural area. The Fluvisols group occupies the 2nd largest area wiith 3,670.82ha or 19.89 % of total natural area. The swampy soil and peat soil group, and deposit valley soil group have lowest area with 0.25% and 0.19% of total natural area of the district, respectively.The texture of yellowish red soil group varies from sandy loam to light clay and from slightly acidic to very acidic. CEC varies from low to medium. The content of total and available nutrients is quite high in the top soil layer but lower in subsoil layers. The Fluvisols group’s reaction is from mederately acidic to slightly acidic; the soil nutrient content varies from medium to quite rich in the top soil layer. CEC and exchangeable bases ranges from medium to quite high. The swampy soil and peat soil group has strong gley layer; the soil structure is destroyed, soil pH is from acidic to very acidic. The soil nutrient content varies from quite high to high. The deposit valley soil group varies from acidic to very acidic. Soil nutrient content, CEC and exchangeable base content are low, soil texture varies from light loam to medium loam.

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