Vol. 18 No. 8 (2020)

ZAT12 is one of the transcription factors response to abiotic stress, which has had higher expression of ZAT12 under oxidative, cold, and heat stressetc. ZAT12 links iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses through direct interaction with and negative regulation of FIT.However, in thisstudy,ZAT12 was regulated by ZAT12native promoter. This study aimed to generate ZAT12 with overexpression (ZAT12 Ox) in response to oxidative stress and Fe uptake. The attempts of this study were further selected thetransgene lines containing 2x35S::ZAT12 by observing the dry seed under fluorescent microscopegene sequencing and PCR. The growth and gene expression as well asZAT12 protein regulation of 2x35S::ZAT12 lines (ZAT12 Ox)were evaluated. As the results showed, the 4 positive lines(CH1-1, 1-4, 1-10 and1-14lines) with different growth were generated, of which the growth of CH1-1 line was inhibited. Expression of AtZAT12 gene induced to response to Fe deficiency, but not to H2O2supplemented treatment. ZAT12 protein of CH1-4 line also detected by Western Blot.

This study assessedthe economic efficiency of organic rice production of households in Phu Luong commune, Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province. The authors used semi-structured questionnaires to survey 60 households producing organic rice and hold a focus group discussion to accumulate the data. The results showed that the organic rice farming area in the study site wasabout 0.5 ha/household and accountedfor nearly 50% of the total rice farming area of the households. Organic rice yield tendedto increase over past years but was still 9.3 quintals/ha lower than that of rice intensification. The total cost of organic rice production in the study site was 3,244,000 VND/ha/crop higher than that of intensive riceproduction. The cost of fertilizer and plant protection of organic rice production weresignificantly lower than those ofintensive riceproduction; while its labor cost was much higher than that ofintensive riceproduction, accounting for about 50% of the total cost of organic rice production. The revenue of organic rice production in the study site was 45,400,000 VND/ha/crop,being5,721,000 VND/ha/crop higher than that ofintensive riceproduction; However, the net profit of organic rice production in the study site was only 2,476,000 VND/ha/crop higher than that ofintensive riceproduction. Profit ratio of organic riceproductionwas quite low (0.53),only 0.03 VND higher than that ofintensive riceproduction.

Ly Son garlic (Allium sativumL.) is a high economic value crop. This is one of the first reports to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on the growth, development and yield of Ly Son garlic grown on the sandy soil inThua Thien Hue, Viet Nam. Four nitrogen fertilizer levelwere selected and tested in this study: 230kg N ha-1, 55kg N ha-1, 115kg N ha-1, 165kg N ha-1. Theresults showed that A. sativumwas suitable for growing and developing under the natural conditions of Thua Thien Hue. The growing duration of A. sativumranged from 120 to 145 days. Furthermore, the traditional fertilizer dosage (230kg N ha-1) gave the lowest yield;while, the nitrogen fertilizer level of 115kg N ha-1was the best treatment,which resulted inhigh yield and good growth in terms ofthe number of leaves per plant (6.1 leaves), pseudostem height (12.1cm), the weight of fresh bulb (5.73g), the weight of dry-bulb (0.45g) and the yield of A. sativum(6.03 t/ha), respectively. This result also demonstrated that the agro-biological characteristics, yield parameters such as bulb diameter and length, number of cloves per bulb of A. sativumplanted in that area have not been different comparing with the originally planted garlic grown in the areas of Ly Son, Quang Ngai province.

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass potential of rice and propose some directions to increase the added value of rice production. The method of assessing biomass potential is based on the study of total rice biomass, grain yield, yield and ratio of biomass components of popular and promising rice varieties in the Red River Delta. The results showed that the average yield of varieties reached over 12.7 tons/ha/year. The average straw/grain ratio of all studied varieties is 1.1. The average straw yield is 13.97 tons/ha/year. The average husk /grain ratio reached 20.06%, of which this ratio in Japonica varieties was 19.94%, and Indica varieties was 20.18%. The average bran/grain ratio of varieties was 13.09%, of which this ratio in Indica varieties was 13.61%, while, in Japonica varieties was 12.58%. With an average annual rice production of 43 million tons during 3 years (2016-2018), it is estimated that the country annually produces about 47.623 million tons of straw, 8.685 million tons of rice husks and 5.667 million tons of bran. Total rice by-products (straw, husk, bran) is about 62 million tons per year. The ratio of biomass residues/paddy rice is about 1.43. This is a huge source of biomass to develop the biomass industry in the country.

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and quality of 10 grass varieties including one Ruzi grass variety, two Guinea grass varieties (TD58 and Common), three sweet sorghum varieties (Honey Jumbo, and BMR), and four Elephant grass varieties (Bac Chong Cao, King Grass, VA06, and Co Voi Thuan) at the different harvesting times. The obtained results indicated that four Elephant grass varieties showed the highest freshmass, followed by sorghum varieties and Ruzi grass;whereas,the two Guinea grasses produced the lowest ones. The Elephant grass and Guinea grass maintained fresh mass yield at the different cutting times which is better than that of sorghum and ruzi grass. After the cutting times, plant height and shoot diameter of the grasses decreased;whereas,the number of tillers and green leaves/plant ratio increased. VA06 (Varisme 06), an elephant grass variety,had a high protein content and the highest green yield and mass in all grasses.

Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 is considered to be the main cause of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS); meanwhile, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) may be caused by all 12 serotype FAdV.So far, in Vietnam, studies on the prevalence of FAdV strains have not been available. Therefore, our study aimed to find the prevalence of FAdV strains in chicken raised in Hanoi and its vicinity. A total of 145 samples of organs of suspected chicken collected were extracted for DNA, then PCR techniques were used to detect FAdV in the samples. PCR samples found positive for FAdV were then purified and sequenced. The results indicated that there was a prevalence of FAdV in chicken raised in Hanoi and its vicinity. There were 30/145 (20.69%) of samples found FAdV-positive. The sequencing of FAdV hexon gene also identified 7 FAdV strains circulating in Vietnam, coded as F3, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F11; the sequences of hexon genes of 7 FAdV strains were very diverse. The results of FAdV molecular analysis also revealed that 7 strains of FAdV isolated in Vietnam belonged to 3 species FAdV-C, FAdV-D, FAdV- E, with no strains of FAdV- A and FAdV- B.

A survey on the prevalence of PED and detection of antibody against PED virus in pigs infected by “gut feedback” method was conducted in Thanh Hoa province. A total of16.443 pigs raised in six districts of Thanh Hoa province was daily observed, the pigs with symptoms of PED were confirmed by PED Ag Test kits and RT-PCR technique.A total of sixty gestation sows (at 13th weeks of pregnancy) was used in an experiment to detect antibodies against PED virus by protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing method. The results showed that the prevalence of PED in pigs in Thanh Hoa province was 14.56% with the case fatality rate (CFR)was 53.38%. Of all districts, the prevalence was the highest in Tinh Gia district (16.12%), while it was the lowest in Yen Dinh district (12.08%). The prevalence and CFR of PED were the highest in suckling pigs (22.01% and 72.63%, respectively) but they were lowest in boars (5.81% and 0%, respectively). In this study, the prevalence of PED was higher in the winter than in the summer (33% and 18%, respectively). The size of farms has also affected the results, in which the large farm showed the highest prevalence (15.79%) but the lowest CFR (50.75%). The results indicated that after infected with PED by “gut feedback” method, all of the serum samples from experimental pigs presented antibodies against PED virus. At 14 days and 21 days after infection, the percentages of pigs showed positive results to antibodies against PED virus were 78.33% and80.00%, respectively.

The Vietnamese government has paid considerable attention to the effective allocated forestland management and use to the households as it affects the Nation's forest resources. This study was conducted to assess the current status of allocated forestland utilization of the ethnic minority households in two upland villages of Cho Don district, Bac Kan province. The study was implemented throughtface-to-face interviews with the 72 households using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with the stakeholders. The results showed that most of the sample households obtained production forestland, and almost all the forestland recipients in both villages had already planted timber trees with the main crops such as Manglietia glauca, Cinnamomum cassia, Canarium album, Chukrasia tabularis, and Illicium verum. However, the expansion of tree planting area largely depended on the government reforestation programs. The mean of areas used for timber tree per household was 1.3 ha in both villages. A lack of finance to maintain the area of tree planting due to a long business cycle has been considered as a limitation for the expansion of tree planting area on allocated forestland to households in the current uplands of Vietnam.

Developing applied high-tech agriculture is the indispensable trend in the current period. However, the orientations of planning for the applied high-tech agricultural zones are different in each locality and specific development period. The objective of this study was to plan the applied high-tech agricultural zones in line with land potential, creating the space for enterprises and farmers to invest in the agricultural sector in Luong Tai District. Various methods were used in this study such as land evaluation method, data investigation and processing method etc. The results showed that the rice crop was the main crop with 9186 ha, after that vegetable crops with roughly 2646 ha, then other crops. The results of land evaluation indicated that 52 land mapping units were created by overlapping 6 thematic maps. The land suitability shows that the rice, vegetable crops had a high level of suitability at S1 and S2.Based on the results of land evaluation, the needs and the abilities of Luong Tai district, 145 agricultural zones with 1022 ha should be planed for the applied high-tech agricultural zones in the district in coming time of 2030.

The study aimed to assess the land suitability for supporting the development of specialized crop cultivation in Yen Lac district, Vinh Phuc province. The study used the spatial analysis method of GIS to establish and overlay 6 single maps (soil types, texture, relative topography, soil thickness, fertility, and irrigation). The study resulted in (1) a land unit map at a scale of 1/10,000 and (2) land suitability map at a scale of 1/ 10,000for LUT of specialized rice, vegetables, and fruit trees. The result of land suitability assessment has determined highly and moderate suitability area (S1+S2) for specialized rice (3.504,43ha), for specialized upland crops (2.517,35ha),and fruit trees (3.179,26ha). Based on the obtained results, Yen Lac district has identified the specialized areas in the different zones: rice cultivation with 955ha ( in Dong Van, Lien Chau, Nguyet Duc, Tam Hong, Yen Dong and Yen Phuong communes); vegetables with 892 ha (in Hong Chau, Trung Kien, Nguyet Duc, Binh Dinh, Lien Chau and Dai Tu communes); and fruit trees with 916 ha (in Nguyet Duc, Hong Phuong, Lien Chau communes).

The influence of different LED lighting condition with the red and blue light on the growth rate, generation time, biomass productivity and the content of pigments including chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycocyanin of 5 strains of Arthrospira platensisSp2, Sp6, Sp9, UTEX-1928 and NIES-46 were investigated. The red light at 660 nmhas showna positive effect on the growth and increase the pigment contents of chlorophyll aand phycocyanin while the blue light was unsuitable for biomass production but inhibited and eliminated protozoa contamination. The additional lighting of red LEDs or a red-blue ratio (7:3) enhanced photosynthesis of microalgae in the winter and efficiently controlled contamination. The adaptability of 5 strains was investigated in winter in North Vietnam. Of these strains, the Sp9 was the best adaptable strain and shown the highest growth rate and biomass productivity.

In this paper, an analytical solution based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used for the free vibration analysis of the circular cylindrical shell made of porous materials. The cylindrical shell is simply supported at two ends. The elasticity moduli and mass density of porous materials are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to symmetric distribution types. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the equations of motion are derived. To verify the reliability of the present solution, the comparisons between the obtained results and the availably published literature are performed for the isotropic cylindrical shell, and very good agreement is observed. The effect of porosity coefficient and geometrical parameters on natural frequencies of the shell are also investigated and discussed in details.

The objective of the paper is to synthesize theoretical, practical, relationship, and influence issues of tourism development on economic - social- environmental livelihoods and directly impact on the livelihoods of local people; especially, the relationship between tourism development and the livelihoods of local communities. The results have shown that most investigations and the reality of tourism development models in the world as well as in Vietnam have not had only positive effects but also negative effects from economic -social -environment perspectives, and livelihood of local communities. The most positive effects of tourism development on livelihoods are to change the livelihoods of local people from being largely dependent on agricultural production for greater diversity, and higher incomes. The most obvious negative impact is the unequal distribution of benefits of local people and tourism development companies; Besides, there is a negative influence of social evils to the local traditional cultures.