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The Prevalence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) and Detection of Antibody against PED Virus in Pigs Infected by “Gut Feedback” Method in Thanh Hoa Province

Hoang Van Son, Pham Ngoc Thach, Nguyen Thi Lan

Received: 10-01-2020 / Accepted: 10-07-2020
A survey on the prevalence of PED and detection of antibody against PED virus in pigs infected by “gut feedback” method was conducted in Thanh Hoa province. A total of16.443 pigs raised in six districts of Thanh Hoa province was daily observed, the pigs with symptoms of PED were confirmed by PED Ag Test kits and RT-PCR technique.A total of sixty gestation sows (at 13th weeks of pregnancy) was used in an experiment to detect antibodies against PED virus by protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing method. The results showed that the prevalence of PED in pigs in Thanh Hoa province was 14.56% with the case fatality rate (CFR)was 53.38%. Of all districts, the prevalence was the highest in Tinh Gia district (16.12%), while it was the lowest in Yen Dinh district (12.08%). The prevalence and CFR of PED were the highest in suckling pigs (22.01% and 72.63%, respectively) but they were lowest in boars (5.81% and 0%, respectively). In this study, the prevalence of PED was higher in the winter than in the summer (33% and 18%, respectively). The size of farms has also affected the results, in which the large farm showed the highest prevalence (15.79%) but the lowest CFR (50.75%). The results indicated that after infected with PED by “gut feedback” method, all of the serum samples from experimental pigs presented antibodies against PED virus. At 14 days and 21 days after infection, the percentages of pigs showed positive results to antibodies against PED virus were 78.33% and80.00%, respectively.
Exploring Prevalenceof Mycoplasma hyorhinisInfection by PCR Method in Pigs Raised in Hung Yen Province

Truong Quang Lam, Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thi Lan, Dao Le Anh, Le Thi Trang, Vu Thi Anh

Received: 12-10-2021 / Accepted: 05-07-2022
The aim of this study was to determine the infection rate of Mycoplasma hyorhinisfrom suspected pigs in Khoai Chau, Van Giang, and Yen My districts of Hung Yen province.A total of 52 clinical samples of suspected pigs were used to determine the infection rate of M. hyorhinisby using the PCR method. The results showed that the infection rate of M. hyorhinisin 3 districts in Hung Yen province was relatively high at 26.92%, in which infection rate was recorded in Khoai Chau with 31.82%, Van Giang 25.00% and Yen My 21.43%. The rate of infection with M. hyorhinisin pigs at 5-10 weeks of age was the highest at 29.41% and was similar to pigs >10 weeks old 28.57%,while pigs <5 weeks oldshowed lowest infection rate 21.43%. Research also determined that the rate of co-infection of M. hyorhiniswith M. hyopneumoniaeaccounted for 28.57%, H. parasuis35.71% and S. suis21.43%. Comparison of macroscopic findings and PCR results showed that pigs infected with M. hyorhinisexhibited the main pathological feature with a severe fibrinous pericarditis.
Some Epidemiological Characteristicsof Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection in Pig in Thai Nguyen Province

La Van Cong, Do Thi Lan Phuong, Nguyen Van Tho

Received: 23-03-2015 / Accepted: 19-06-2015
An epidemiological study on 3,600 pigs in three districs,Vo Nhai, Phu Luong and Dong Hy,of Thai Nguyen province was carried out from 2010 to 2013. Five species of nematode were detectedin the intestines of pigs. viz.: Gnathostoma doloresi, Ascaris suum, Trichocephalus suis, Strongyloides ransomi andOesophagostomum dentatum.The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infections was 68.16%with 82.75% beingfound in pigs from 3 to 6 months of age, followed by pigs over 6 months old (72.25%) and lowest in less than 2 month-oldpigs (49.50%). The prevalence was found highest in mountainousarea (75.50%). The prevalence in summer-autum and winter-spring were 72.00% and 64.33%, respecvely. The highest prevalence was found in free - roaming pigs (96.25%) and the lowest in pigs kept inpens (30.75%).
Prevalence of Bovine Mastits, Affecting Factors andExperimental Treatment in Phu Dong Dairy Farm

Lai Thi LanHuong, Pham Hong Trang

Received: 11-09-2017 / Accepted: 02-10-2017
The aims of present study were to evaluate the prevalence of mastitis, identify factors influencing disease incidence and test treatment methods in Phu Dong dairy farm in Gia Lam-Ha Noi. The results by California Mastitis Test showed that the prevalence of clinical mastitis was lower than that of sub-clinical cases (10.43% and 25.36%). Based on methylene blue decolorization test, 90% of testing milk samples could be used within 24 -48 hours. The percentage of milk samples discolorized by the dye within 30 minutes was 3.33%. The risk of infection was influenced by the stage of milking. The highest incidence was found in the first month of lactation then reached lowest point at fourth month. The infection rate continued to increase from sixth month toward the end of the lactation period. Age was positively correlated the disease incidence. Cows with higher levels of cross-bred rate had higher rates of mastitis. Treatment with neomycin/amoxicillin combined with pumping inside the infected udders and proper care was effective.
Prevalence of Foot-and-Mouth Virus Infection and Risk Factors in Hotspots in Vietnam from October to December 2012

Nguyen Thu Thuy, Nguyen Van Long, Phan Quang Minh, Tran Thi Thu Phuong, Nguyen Quang Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Tien, Nguyen Dang Tho, Ngo Thanh Long, Nguyen Ba Hien

Received: 25-03-2014 / Accepted: 26-04-2014
A cross-sectional study together with a case-control study was carried to estimate the prevalence of foot-and-mouth (FMD) virus infection in animals in three provinces (Lang Son, Nghe An and Kon Tum) from October to December 2012. Serum and probang samples were taken from 884 cattles and buffaloes of 590 households. Information about risk factors were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data analyses showed that FMD antibody was detected in all three provinces with a high level of 24.21% (95% CI 21.42-27.17) at the individual level and 29.83% (95% CI 26.16-33.70) at the household level; FMD virus belongs to serotype O and A. Cattles procured from unknown sources were a major risk factor, with the odds ratio (OR) of 5.27 (95% CI 2.22-12.52) times the OR for cattles kept by households. Control measures should be strictly taken at the household level. In addition, management of animal movement should be improved to stop spreading FMD virus.
Infectionof Trematode (Metacercariae) in Fingerlingand Grow-out Pangasianodon Catfish in Tiengiang Province, Vietnam

Dinh Thi Thuy, Nguyen Quoc Chi

Received: 04-12-2018 / Accepted: 11-05-2019
To determine the infection of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), metacercariae stage, in juveniles and grow-out Sutchi catfish in Tiengiang province,aresearch was conducded from April 2017 to April 2018 with a total of 272 grow-out fish (at 48 ponds) and 3320 fingerling fish (at 64 ponds). Fishsampleswere tested with the parasite method and metacercariae genus were identified by morphology method. It was found that fish were infected with Haplorchis pumilio metacercariae and the prevalences in the fish were higher during the rainy season compared to the dry season (the prevalence of fingerling pond was from 12.5 to 37.5% andgrow-out fish was from 12.1 to 30.0%for the rainy season; the respective figure were from 0.0 to 13.3% and from 0.0 to 25.0%for the dry season). Drying the pond bottom (<2 days), home made food, a snail's presence in ponds and dog/catpresence ) in the farming area were found to be the risk factors of FZT in the fish (P <0.05). Therefore, technical controls should be done to prevent and decrease the FZT prevalence in figerling and grow - out Pangasianodon catfish to contribute to the food safety and human health.
Epidemiology Characteristics of Canine Distemper Diseases in Dogs in Hanoi

Nguyen Thi Huyen, Pham Ngoc Thach, Nguyen Vu Son, Nguyen Huu Nam

Received: 14-03-2019 / Accepted: 10-06-2019
This study aimedto determine the prevalence of Canine distemper disease in Hanoi as an important information for disease prevention. An epidemiological study on 18244 dogs was conducted in some veterinary clinics in Hanoi from 2013 to 2018. The clinical diagnosiswas based on the specific clinical signs. Treatment and clinical outcome were followed after confirming by CDV Ag test kit.The study found that575 (3,15%) dogswereinfected with Canine distemper virus (CDV) in 14 popular dog breeds with the typiclcal gastrointestinal, respiratory and neurological symptoms. Mong Coc breed hadthe highest positive proportion (6.32%), followed by Becgiebreed (5.56%), Corgi breed (4.28%), Alaska (4.27%). The lowest positive percentage (1.62%) was observed in Rottweiler breed. The infection and successful treatment percentage significantly differred from one year to another (P <0.05). Among age groups, dogsaged 2-6 months old hadthe highest CDV positive rate (60.35%), followed by group of 6-12 months old (15.13%), under 2 months old (12,35%) and lowest in over 12 months old dogs(12.17%). The prevalence of CDV among seasonsof winter, spring and autumn were 39.13%, 35.82% and 11.83%, respectively. The infected CDV dogs also had statistically significant difference in age and season of the year (P <0.05).
Study on Alternative Methods to Green Malachite in Treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Truong Dinh Hoai, Nguyen Van Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Pham Thi Lam Hong

Received: 19-12-2015 / Accepted: 20-09-2016
The mixture of Green Malachite (MG) and formalin is the most effective chemical used to treat Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and other prasites infecting fish.However, MG was prohibited to usein aquaculture due to its potential risks to the environment, animal and human health. The prohibited use of MG has caused many difficulties to treat this parasite and other aquatic diseases. This study was conducted to examine a new, environmental friendly, safe and effectively method alternative to MG. Formalin 25 ppm (F25) was combined with a high oxidizing PHA (15% peracetic acid, 25% hydrogen peroxideand 25% acetic acid) at different concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 ppm (PHA1, PHA3, PHA5, PHA7, PHA10) and the mixture was used to experimentally treat theronts (in vitro), and mature Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (trophonts) parasitized on Grass carp (in vivo), following with comparison to mixture of Green malachite and formalin (F25 + G0.25). The in vitrotest results show that the mixtureof F25 + PHA10 could kill 96.5% theronts within 48h. For in vivotest, treatments were conducted 72h post infection. After 10 days of experimental treatment, the control group (infected without treatment) had a high mortality rate (85.56%).In contrast, the F25 + G0.25 showed high efficiency in controlling this parasite with 94.43% fish survival. The mixtures F + PHA were effective to mitigate mortality rate compared to the control group, in which the mixture of F25 + PHA10 resulted in highest survival rate (92.23%), following with low prevalence and infection intensity, 5.13 and 1.81 parasites/sample at 40 x magnification, respectively. In addition, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis exhibited changes in morphology and moving behaviour. Results of following 10 days post treatment showed that fish treated with F25 + PHA10 recoveredeffectively, stopped mortality and probably created immunity against this parasite.
Comparative Efficacy of Levamisole and Praziquantel Against Climbing Perch Anabas testudineusIntestinal Nematodes Pallisentisspp.

Truong Dinh Hoai, Doan Van Vung, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Kim Van Van

Received: 18-11-2020 / Accepted: 11-03-2021
This study was conducted to obtain an effective treatment regimen for intestinal nematodes Pallisentis of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus).Infected fish were randomly taken from an infected pond, examined for clinical signs and lesions of the fish intestine, calculated the prevalence and intensity of infection, and determined worm shape and size. Experimental treatments were levamisole 10mg/kg fish and praziquantel 25 mg/kg fish for 3 consecutive days, combined with anti-inflammatory and hemorrhagic treatment by florphenicol 15 mg/kg fish for five consecutive days. The results showed that fish were infected with pallisentisspp. at a high rate (100%), the average intensity of infection was 45 worms/fish, served hemorrhage of the intestines, intestinal perforation. Infected fish treated with levamisole combined with florphenicol resulted in the highest and most radical treatment effects, 100% of worms were killed, intestinal recovery and fish return to normal after five days of treatment.
Main Pathological Characteristics of Tre ChickenInfected with Coccidiain ThuaThienHue

Huynh Van Chuong, Dinh Thi Bich Lan, Nguyen Vu Son, Pham Hong Ngan, Nguyen Huu Nam

Received: 04-04-2016 / Accepted: 06-06-2016
This study was conducted to determine some clinical parameters and pathological charactesistics of Tre chicken infected with coccidiosis in Thua Thien Hue. 978 fecal samples of chicken aged 1-42 days were collected and tested for oocyst presence by flotation method and some clinical parameters were determined. Concurrently, all died chickens caused by coccidiosis were slaughtered to collect the samples for determination of both macroscopic and microscopic pathological changes. Results showed that the average coccidian infection of three communes was 50,92%. Tre chickens were infected with coccidia from a very early stage and oocysts appeared in excrement in the period of 8-14 days of age. The rate and intensity of coccus infection increased and reached the peak when chickens aged of approximately 15 - 35 days, then reduced gradually. Infected chickens showed droop, inactiveness, watery diarrhea with mucus, and bloody or creamy exudate feces. The main macroscopic lesions of infected chickens showed hemorrhagic and huge necrosis in intestine and caecum, distended caecum and eroded mucosal layer. The microscopic lesions consisted of severe hemorrhage, necrosis, degeneration of epithelial cells, and inflammatory infiltrations in caecum. On the other hand, pathogenic characteristics also could be observed in ileum and rectum. The different stages of coccidia were also observed in the epithelial cells.
Study on Some Biological and Pathological Features of Clonorchis sinensisInfection

Tran Van Quyen, Nguyen Van Tho, Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen, Nguyen Thi Hong Chien, Nguyen Van Phuong, Hoang Minh Duc

Received: 10-04-2012 / Accepted: 06-06-2012
Study was conducted by gathering natural ocurring snails, Bithynia spp., in Ha Noi, Hai Duong and Nam Dinh provinces. It was determined that Bithynia snail is the intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis. Bithynia mainly occurs in calm water with the rate of 58.27%; The prevalence of Cercaria infection Clonorchis sinensis varied from 0.32 to 4.78%. Laboratory study showed that 100% snails float on the water surface in summer, 93.34% snails settle to mud; 100% snail lay eggs in summer and fall with hatching interval between 9 to 12 days. The study on micro-lesions of liver and bile ducts of cat infected by natural Clonorchis sinensis has shown that bile duct wall was thickened and fibrized, some ducts were obstructed with the hyperplasia. Inflamative cells of eosinophil, plasmocyte, lymphocyte and macrophage appeared around. Other symptoms include hepatic congestion, radial capillary expansion with infiltration of erythrocyte; central vein area of small lobe and interlobular vein expanded widely with infiltration of erythrocytes. Hepatocytes were found with fatty degeneration and vacuolar degeneration
Some Hematological Parameters in Catlle Infected with Theileriaspp. in Ha Nam Province

Nguyen Thi Hong Chien, Hoang Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Duong, Bui Thi To Nga, Dao Le Anh, Nguyen Van Thanh, Nguyen Duc Truong, Nguyen Thi Hoang Yen

Received: 17-04-2023 / Accepted: 20-11-2023
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Theleiriaspp. on dairy cows in Ha Nam province, as well as to examine various hematological markers in cows infected with Theleiriaspp. Theileriaspp. were found on dairy cows grown in Ha Nam province using the giemsa staining procedure. A total of 190 blood samples were collected from HF bovines in three districts,Duy Tien, Kim Bang and Ly Nhan, of which26 samples were found to be infected with Theleiriaspp. by Giemsa staining method, accounting for 13.68%. Evaluation of hematological indices of cows infected with Theileriaspp. demonstrateda slight decrease in bothnumber of red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in blood samples of dairy cows over 2 years of agewhilethe total white blood cell count (WBC) index increased significantly, the neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes only showed slight increases while the platelet count (PLT) decreased sharply. The results showed that there was a change in the hematological index of cows infected with Theileriaspp.The findings of this study provide a foundation for the use of blood tests in diagnosing, prognosing, and treating cattle with Theileriaspp. infection.

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