Vol. 21 No. 5 (2023)

Blight is a destructive disease of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) that has emerged in Thua Thien Hue province in recent years. The objective of this study was to identify the etiological agent responsible for the disease. The pathogenicity of microorganisms isolated from diseased Lotus plants was evaluated by inoculating healthy Lotus plants with these isolates. The pathogenic fungus was evaluated for its morphological characteristics on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and on pieces of pine needles. Molecular identification of the pathogenic fungus was performed based on the sequencing of three barcode genes, including Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Translation Elongation Factor 1 gene (ef1), and beta-tubulin (tub2). Symptom evaluation of diseased Lotus plants in nature suggested that the pathogen primarily attacked the upper part of the plant. Eight morphologically distinct bacterial and seven fungal isolates were obtained from the typical diseased petioles. Artificial inoculation of all bacterial and fungal isolates on leaf veins and petioles of Lotus plants revealed that only one fungal isolate, designated as N1, was pathogenic to Lotus, producing symptoms resembling those of the diseased plants in the field. Morphological evaluation, including the characteristics of fungal mycelia on PDA medium and the characteristics of conidia, identified the N1 isolate as a member of the genus Lasiodiplodiaof the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Molecular identification identified the N1 isolate as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the world and in Vietnam that identifies L. theobromaeas the causative agent of blight disease in Lotus plants.

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the anatomical structure of Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.) Gaertn. under saline condition, and the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in reducing the harmful effects of salinity on T. paniculatum.Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with 6 irrigation treatments (water (control); 4g AMF; 0.2% NaCl; 0.4% NaCl; 0.2% NaCl + 4g AMF;0.4% NaCl + 4g AMF). The result showed that salt stress has changed the anatomical structure of the stem, leaves, and roots of T. paniculatum. Irrigation with 0.2-0.4% NaCl solution reduced the size of all observation parameters, thereby reducing the absorption and transport of water and minerals in the plant. At a mild salinity level (0.2% NaCl irrigation), there were changes in anatomical structures such as decrease in density and size of stomata, increase in midrib thickness and stem diameter for plant adaptation. In addition, the anatomical changes with AMF addition help the plants exchange water favorably under normal condition and reduce the damage of salinity to the T. paniculatum.

Talinum paniculatum(Jacq) is a medicinal plant with high medicinal value, but information about it is still lacking.Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomize design with 6 irrigation treatments (water (control); 4 g (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)AMF; 0.2% NaCl; 0.4% NaCl; 0.2% NaCl +AMF, 0.4% NaCl +AMF).Results showed that salt stress significantly reduced the length of roots, leaves, dry matter accumulation and physiological parameters, but increased the content of active substances (saponins and total flavonoids) in T. paniculatumplant.Watering with 0.2 to 0.4% NaCl reduced physiological parameters of plants such as water saturation deficiency, ion leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency, andSPADindex. Addition of AMF improved growth and physiological parameters of T. paniculatumplants, reduced damage during salinization and helped plants to recover after salt stress.

This study was carried out to determine morphological characteristics, growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of Van Linh chicken raised at the Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture. A total of 120 Van Linh 1-old-day chickens were randomly assigned into 3 groups and they were fed and taken care following the standards for colored feather chicken of Thuy Phuong poultry research center, National Institute of Animal Science.The results showed that, , the feathers of day old chicks were light yellow (71.5%), light brown (20%) and yellow with black spots (8.5%); at 18 weeks of age, hens’body coat colour was characterized by light yellow (47,5%), light brown (33.,4%) and dark brown (19.1%), 62% of hens had black spots on the neck; the cocks were characterized by burgundy (75.8%) and dark brown (24.2%). All chickens had single comb with bright red color; The legs, skin, and beak were saffron yellow. The survival rate until 18 weeks of age was 95.83%. At 18 weeks of age, the body weight of male chicken was 2,244.34g and female chicken is 2,067.38g. FCR was 3.98. The percentage of carcass, thigh meat and breast meat of male chicken were 72.69, 21.48, and 14.94%, respectively and anf the figures for female chicken were 71.68, 16.77 and 16.14%, respectively. Drip loss of preservation and cooking for 24 hours, pH value, color, and tenderness were in good ranges and well suited.

The study was conducted to determine the safety limit of irrigation water contaminated with Pb for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Rapido 344 grown on Eutric Fluvisols. In pot experiments in net house were carried our with six levelsof Pb-contaminated water (0.0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0. and 4.0 mg/l) used for irrigation. The results showed that Pb-contaminated water increased Pb concentration in the lettuce from 0.19 mg/kg to 1.43 mg/kg and in the soil from 2.63-4.97 mg/kg compared to irrigation withPb non-contaminated water. With Tobit regression model, the safety limit of Pb in irrigation water less than 0.90 ppm was estimated with the mobile Pb form content in soil less than 7 mg/kg.

The study analyses the current situation and proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of creating financial capital from land (land capitalization) through land allocation and land lease in Hanoi in the period of 2014-2020. The study applied data collection methods and used Microsoft Excel 2016 to process the data. Land capitalization brought about a significant source of revenue for the local economic and social development budget.For instance, land allocation of718.79haearnedVND 173,317.26 billionwhileannual land lease of2,020.33ha and land lease with one time full payment of 117.98ha earned total value ofVND 34,515.29 billion. However, the of areasfor land allocation or land lease showeda down-ward trend over the years until 2020. Therefore, land capitalization through land allocationandland lease in the future face severaldifficulties due to limited land. In the process of implementation, many mistakes in land valuation, methods of organizing the implementation and violations of land use appeared. The proposed solutions include: Improvingmechanisms, policies and methods of land allocation and land lease; Effective use of land valuation tools to determine land value; Inspectingand monitoringthe implementation.

This study aimed to determine the limiting factors as a basis for proposing the direction of improvement and sustainable management of agricultural land in Uong Bi city, Quang Ninh province. The research has surveyed and taken soil samples for analysis at 30 profiles in the area. Some key physicochemical properties were analyzed and evaluated. The results show thatagricultural land in Uong Bi city comprised 6 main groupswith 9 land units. The physical, chemical and nutritional properties of the soil were suitable for the development of many crops in the city. However, some limiting factors included low pH in the pale yellowish humus soil developed on sandy stone (the soil group with the largest area, accounting for 77.97% of the total agricultural land area),OM content in almost soil types was poor to moderate. Therefore, to improve soil quality and increase crop yield, lime and organic fertilizers are encouraged to be applied to increase pH andnutrient content in the soil.

The study aimed to determine the effect of organic additives (coconut water, banana, or potato homogenates) on the in vitrorapid multiplication stage of the Musa acuminata (Cavendish subgroup). To test the effects of the mixtures, the multiplication media (MS + 2 mg/l Benzyladenine + 30 g/l sucrose + 6,0 g/l agar) were supplemented with different concentrations of organic additives. Treatments were compared based on multiplication rate, shoot length, and shoot morphology. At specific concentrations, all treatments with coconut water, banana, or potato homogenates had a positive effect on banana propagation. In comparison to the control (no organic additives added), multiplication media containing 40 ml/l coconut water or a combination of 20 g/l banana homogenate or 30 g/l potato homogenate were suitable medium to promote a higher multiplication rate. The propagation medium supplemented with 40 ml/l coconut water and 20 g/l banana homogenate exhibited the highest multiplication rate. Based on the finding this study, obtaibed results could be applied to the production of high-quality in vitro banana planlets.

Lotus (Nelumbo spp., Nelumbonaceace family) is an important horticultural plant, with its uses ranging from ornamental, nutritional to medicinal values, and has been widely used in Vietnam. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 30 lotus accessions collected in some provinces in Vietnam by using RAPD and ISSR markers. 12 RAPD and 18 ISSR successfully detected 178 loci, among these, 115 were polymorphic loci and 4084 clear and scorable bands were obtained. The similarity coefficient of 30 accessions ranged from 0.65 to 0.93 when combined both RAPD and ISSR markers. At the genetic similarity of 0.80, 30 lotus accessions could be divided into 4 distinct clusters. These results showed that the genetic diversity of 30 collected lotus accessions were very high. The 30 collected accessions are valuable source for the conservation and development of lotus genetic resources as well as for the breeding of new lotus varieties.

This study used statistical methods to analyze overall data collected from published sources to focus on analyzing the position of cooperatives in the rice supply chain in An Giang province. The author also proposed recommendations to increase the role of cooperatives in the rice supply chain. Research results show that at present, cooperatives do not play an important role in the supply chain of inputs and outputs of the rice industry in An Giang province. However, members in cooperatives achieve higher economic returns and receive more support than farmers who have not yet joined the cooperative. Based on the research results, the author proposes recommendations to strengthen the role of cooperatives in the rice supply chain. These include increasing support for cooperatives in production and business development, building cooperative relationships between cooperatives and supply chain partners as well as promoting publicity, communication and education on the benefits of cooperatives for farming households.

Theobjective of the paper was to analyze the satisfaction level of farmhouseholds in Hanoi citywith TBR225 rice variety. Theprimary data were collected from a survey of 300 farmhouseholds in 2022. Thestudy imployed analytical methodsof descriptive statistics, T-test and ANOVA. The surveyresultsshowsthat the satisfaction of thesurveyed farmers with TBR225varietywas veryhigh (4.34/5 points). Many factors contributingto the general satisfaction of thefarmers wereassessed at highscoresof 3.41-4.24,especially the indicators of thevariety quality. Some indicators had average scores thatshould be improved suchasdegradability orreuse of thepackages (3.01), thepromotional programs (3.12), and stability of theprice(2.88). The test shows that there wassignificantdifference in the average satisfaction scoresbetween groups of thefarmhouseholds. Specifically, the group of farmers in Thanh Oaidistrict,the households with more than two-thirds of the rice cultivated area under TBR225 variety, or adopting TBR225 variety cultivationfrom two to three crops, had a higher average score than the remaininggroup.

Vietnamese Good Animal Husbandry Practices (VietGAHP) used in pig production of households are crucial trend in pig raising which increases production eficiency and competitiveness of farm households. However, production units including small farm households having VietGAHP certificates were in small number and research on the analysis of VietGAHP benefits of households was also limited. This research aimed to determine factors affecting household decision on VietGAHP adoption in pig production and effects of the VietGAHP on production outputs and efficiency. Data were gathered from 81 pig farm households in Khoai Chau district, Hung Yen province. Findings showed that four factors, including experiences of main labor involving in pig raising, training of main labor of housholds, total household income and the household access to veterinary services affected household decision on using VietGAHP. Of these, two main factors had a strong effect on the household decision including training of main labor of housholds (75.6%) and the household access to veterinary services (37.7%). For encouragement of using VietGAHP, technical training on VietGAHP and improvement of veterinary services are important in the future. In addition, a solution to help consumers to classify which pork is produced using VietGAHP should be considered.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the factors affecting the application of accounting policies at small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi city. The data were collected from the surveys of 159 small and medium-sized enterprises and then assessed using Cronbach’s Anpha method, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Regression analysis. Resuls show that the factors affecting the application of accounting policies at small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi were legal documents on accounting, accountant qualification, business size, supervisory management, andinfrastructure for accounting.

The study was conductedto analyze the situationand propose recommendations to improvethefinancing activities among actors in the fresh milk value chain in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. The study used secondary and primarydata collected from 223 samples including the fresh value chain’s actors and government staffs. The results showed that the internal financing flow of the fresh milk value chain shifted from upstream to downstream. Input supplier credit and trade credit were mainly used among actors in the chain, supporting the working capital needs of actors, but not much for fixed-assets. There was an imbalance between input credit and trade credit of dairy farms. In order to improve internal financing activities, it is necessary to reduce the imbalance in the financing of dairy farmers, diversify the forms of financing, apply input supplier credit with other inputs, and promote the formation of production groups and/or dairy services cooperatives.