Vol. 21 No. 3 (2023)

The experiment aimed to determine the suitable types of organic fertilizer for the growth, development and yield of eggplant in Gia Lam, HaNoi.Atwo-factor experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design comprising 8treatments with three replications. The first factor wassoil fertilization withP1 - Chicken manure, P2 - Minori fertilizer, P3 - Inorganic fertilizerandP4 - Vermicompost. The second factor wasfoliar organic fertilization with C1 - O-MIC and C2 - HB101 (plant vitalizer). Research results showed that vermicompost exhibitedthe best effectson the growth and yield of eggplant. Foliar application of HB101 brought better effectson the growth and yield of eggplant compared to application of O-MIC. Combined use of vermicompost and HB101 foliar vitalizer gave the highest eggplant yield of 14.05 tons/ha, 2.89 tons/ha higher than the yield in combination ofinorganic fertilizerandO-MIC and 2.39 tons/ha higher than the yield inthe combination ofinorganic fertilizerand HB101.

Porcine adenovirus (PAdV) is the causative agent of diarrhea in piglets aged one to four weeks. Among the three species of adenoviruses (AdVs) that cause disease in pigs, A, B, and C, six serotypes have been identified through neutralization methods. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAdV in pigs raised in Hanoi and its surrounding areas. One hundred and forty fecal samples were collected from piglets exhibiting diarrhea symptoms and subjected to DNA extraction. Nested PCR was then used to detect PAdV in the samples. Positive PCR samples were purified and sequenced. The results showed that the nested PCR method was effective in diagnosing PAdV causing diarrhea in pigs, with 43.57% (61/140) of the samples testing positive. Ten out of fourteen (71.43%) farms showed a prevalence of PAdV. The sequencing results of the PAdV hexon gene segment of the positive samples identified six strains of PAdV circulating in Vietnam, including PAdV-8, PAdV-25, PAdV-26, PAdV-28, PAdV-33, and PAdV-34. The molecular epidemiological analysis of PAdV also revealed that all six strains isolated in Vietnam belonged to PAdV serotype 3, a species of Adenovirus A, genus Mastadenovirus.

The aims of study were to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenesand gender on carcass traits and meat quality of Vietnamese native pot-bellied pigs raised at DABACO Breeding Pig Company, Phu Tho Province, Vietnam. At 8 months of age, 23pigs (12 gilts and 11 barrows) were slaughtered to measure carcass traits (live body weight, hot carcass weight, killingout percentage, dress carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass length, backfat thickness at the vertebra prominensC7 and the last lumbar vertebra L5) and meat quality (pH value of longissimus dorsimuscleat 45 minutes (pH45) and 24 hours post mortem(pH24), drip loss percentage, cooking loss percentage, L* (lightness), a* (redness) và b* (yellowness), shear force at 24h post mortem). The polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenes were identified by PCR-RFLP technique. The results indicated that backfat thickness and L* of longissimus dorsimusclewere higherthan those in barrows(P<0.05). The polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenes did not affect carcass traits and meat quality of the nativepigs.

The study was conducted to determine the disease characteristics., isolation, identification, and evaluation of antibiotic resistance ofStreptococcus agalactiaecausing blindness in Thai frog(Rana tigerina)raised in Northern provinces ofVietnam. The infected frogs(n=83) were sampled from 26 frog-raising farms in Hanoi, Ha Nam, and Thai Binh provinces. Infected frogsexhibited opaque eyes, blindnessin one or both eyes (78.3%), skin darkening (53.0%), and swelling and hemorrhage liver (69.9%). The bacteria isolated from the eye, brain, kidney and liver of infected frogs were round, convex, cream-coloured, pinpoint (1mm), Gram (+), and of coccus type.Twenty sixstrains isolated from frogs were identified as S. agalactiaebased on morphological, biochemical, and PCR analysis. The LD50of three representative strains were between 1.2×104 to3.5 ×104CFU/frog. The isolated bacteria were highlyresistant to oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (61.5%), buthighly sensitive to amoxicillin, florfenicol, and erythromycin (65.4-80.8%).These results providesuseful information for effective prevention of the disease caused by S. agalactiaein cultured frogs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different diets on growth performance, carcass yield, and meat quality of Tien Yenhens andcastrated cocks. The control diet (NH) used feed mixed from corn, rice bran and industrial compound feed. Diet 1 (CT1) was formulated from 11 ingredients (corn, soybean meal, barley bran, rice bran, limestone powder (CaCO3),salt,dicalcium phosphate (DCP), mineral premix, methionine, lysine, and threonine). Diet 2 (CT2) comprised of7 ingredients as indicated in CT1except DCP, methionine, lysine, and threonine. The results showed that CT1 and CT2 improved the growth performance by10.26%and4.32%, respectively,for castrated cocks, and by 6.74%and 5.61%, respectively,for hens compared toNH. Using CT1 and CT2 reduced abdominal fatby 53.79%and 44.51%,respectively,for castrated cocks, and by 44.63%and 21.78%, respectively,for hen compared with the control group. Further research should be conductedto decrease the number of days toslaughter and reduce the abdominal fat of Tien Yen broiler.

The PCR test method is widely used in the multiplication of specific DNA fragmentssince it issensitive and inexpensive, and can be used universally in the routine laboratory. This study used PCR to develop a procedure to accurately identify three types of meat (beef, pork, and chicken) in raw and heat-treated forms(30 samples total). The primer set was designed with forward primer for all three species and specific reverse primer for each species. The results show that DNA fragments weresuccessfully amplìied with specific size band of 274, 398 and 227 bp (specific for cows, pigs and chickens,respectively).This study indicates that genes in individual and mixed samples of two and three meats representing two and three different speciescan be identifiedwith the limit of detection down to 0.16 ng/µl.

Soybean has high nutritional content and contains many bio-active compounds belonging to the group of isoflavone and polyphenol. However, the processed foods from soybeans in the market are mainly traditional products with low added value. In this study, we applied a single-factor experimental design and evaluated the quality of soybean milk supplemented with pumpkin by means of instrumental analysis and ranking of the sensory properties of the product to determine the important technological paramerters in the processing of pumpkin soya milk with high nutritional and organoleptic qualities. The results show that the most suitable technological conditions were blanching soybeans at 75C for 1 min; supplementing pumpkin juice of 6% and adjusting the soluble solids content of pumpkin supplemented soy milk of 13Bx. Furthermore, using potassium sorbate of 0.06% extended shelf life of the product up to 14 days at 4 ± 1C. Due to many superior properties on nutritional values and sensory quality, pumpkin supplemented soy milk has the potential for commercialization in the market.

Textile dyeing wastewater with alkaline pH, high outlet temperature, high total dissolved solids, starch slurry, and heavy metal content is toxic to aquatic life and affects drainage systems. Towards a safe and environmentally friendly textile industry, utilization ofmesophilic bacteria capable of growing at temperature of 40-50C, such as photosynthetic purple bacteria is considered bio-friendly and effective solution for textile dyeing wastewater treatment. Photosynthetic bacterium was isolated based on its cell growth rate and biofilm forming capability. The isolate was genetically analyzed and its capability of dyeing wastewater degradation on keramizite gravel carriers was evaluated. As the results, from wastewater samples, the strain 62 was isolated and identified as Rhodopseudomonassp. This photosynthetic purple bacterial strain was used to create biofilms on keramizite gravel carriers. It was initially shown that BOD5 and COD removal capacity of this strain reached 67.77 and 81.99%, respectively, after 14 days of treatment at temperature range 40-50C.Keywords: Biofilm, textile wastewater, mesophilic, microorganisms, keramizite.

This study focused on the current status of agricultural production and analyzing the factors affecting the application of high technology in the agricultural production of households in Tam Duong district, Vinh Phuc province in 2019-2021 period. The probit model was used to evaluate the factors affecting the adoption of high technology by farmers. The results of the survey and assessment from 90 households engaged in agricultural production in the area show that the organization of production and planning of high-tech agricultural production areas had a direct impact on agricultural production associated high technology of households. In addition, facilities for production were also one of the decisive factors in participating in high-tech agricultural production, i.e. with modernized and concreted intra-field transportation system, the rate ofhouseholds applying high technology in production was up to 90%. The variables of demographics., arable land, and income from agriculture were also statistically significant in this study.

To contribute to the development of rice crop insurance in the Mekong Delta, this study aimed to estimate the willingness to pay and identify the factors affecting the willingness to pay of rice farmers. Thestudy was conducted through the insurance scenario of rice yield index due to weather, climate and disease risks by contingent valuation method in the form of double-bounded dichotomous choice. The article data were collected from direct interviews with 463 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta in 2019. Results show that 47.5% of respondents agreed with both the first premium and the next higher premium when asked while 17.1% of individuals disagreed with both premiums even though the second was recommended lower and 35.4% of other cases. The average willingness to pay was estimated to be 68.633 VND/1,000m2/crop. The research results also pointed out the factors affecting the willingness to pay of rice farmers such as education, production costs, dikes, selling price, loans, other incomes and risk response.

This paperaimedto review agricultural commercialisation and multidimensional poverty concepts and to propose the theoretical framework for their relationship in agriculture-based developing countries. Agricultural commercialisation is the transition from subsistence production to market-oriented production. Multidimensional poverty takes into accountthe deprivation of people, including income andbasicsocial deprivation.The proposed theoretical framework on the relationship between agricultural commercialisation and multidimensional poverty includes four components. The agricultural commercialisation process is a central position reflectingsubsistence, semi-commercial and commercialagricultural production system of farmhouseholds.The input factors include driver factors and determinants, which keep the roles in pushing the agricultural commercialisation process.The final component in the framework is multidimensional poverty, an outcome of agricultural commercialisation.The theoretical framework is essential for further studies on multidimensional poverty reduction based on agricultural commercialisation in Vietnam.