Vol. 20 No. 1 (2022)

This study was carried out to evaluate agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality of inbred rice lines that have been selected from the segregated M2populations derived from gamma (Co60) irradiation on imported rice varieties. The field experiments were conducted at Field Crops Research Institute, Haiduong province, Vietnam. Out of 20 inbred lines, there are three promising lines have been selected with good agronomic characteristics such as: short growth duration, low plant height, light pest infestation, high yield, high ratio of milling yield, and low amylose content. The new line NN1-2-6-55, which derived from gamma Co60irradiated segregating the population of accession rice NN1, had a desirable growth duration of 129 days in spring and 100 days in summer season, slight pest infestation, good lodging resistance, harvested yield of 6.75 tons ha-1in spring and 6.07 tons ha-1in the summer crop season with milling yield reached of 70% and preferred eating quality with an amylose content of 14%. Consequently, the improving of growth duration, plant height of import materials could be used gamma radioactive Co60 for mutation.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate suitable seed treatment technique for propagating ipuh akar, Strychnos ignatiiBerg., by seed. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates and four treatments: Treatment 1 (control-without treatment), treatment 2 (seed treatment by mechanical abrasion), treatment 3 (spraying H2SO450% in 30 seconds), and treatment 4 (seed treatment by incubating in sand). The results showed that seed treatment by incubating in sand gave the highest seed germination rate (98.9%) and transplantation rate (85.6%). Both seed treatment by incubating in sand and seed treatment by mechanical abrasion gave the best result in plant height and leaf number as compared to the control treatment at significant level of P <0.05. This suggested that treatment of seeds by incubating in sand was effective for propagating ipuh akar by seeds.

The objectives wereto determine the biological characteristics of the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on 4 cassava cultivars under laboratory conditions at 30C and 70% relative humidity. The experiments were carried out using individual rearing method and the following biological characteristics were evaluated: the developmental time of each stage and its lifecycle, fecundity, female adult longevity, sex ratio and mortality rate of the nymphs on KM419, H34, KM98-7and KM94cassava cultivarss. On four cassava varieties, the longest and lowest life cycle of B. tabaciwere recorded on KM98-7(24.50 days) and KM94variety (22.73 days), respectively. The highest and lowest mortality rate were observed on KM98-7and KM94varieties, respectively. Lifetime fecundity of whitefly varied from 33.00 to 40.09 eggs/female, with the highest fecundity (40.09 eggs/female) observed on KM419 variety. Mean adult longevity of females varied from 4.93 to 5.47 days. Results obtained in this study indicated that cassava varieties significantly affected the lifecycle and fecundity of whitefly. Lower development of whitefly was recorded on the KM98-7 variety.

This study was carried out at animal farm of Vietnam National University of Agriculture from June 2019 to March 2021 in order to describe the growth and determine the best growth models to estimate body weight of F1(Ho Luong Phuong) chickens. A total of six functional growth models, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Richards, Brody and Negative Exponential were used to estimate body weight from 1 to 15 weeks of age. Data on growth performance were collected from 210 chickens (105 cocks and 105 hens). The results showed that, Logistic and Gompertz functions best described the growth of HLP chickens with the highest coefficient of determination (96.55 and 96.79%) and the lowest MSE (32,371.80 and 18,625.90). The age and weight of start of growth acceleration phase were 2.7 weeks and 280g for cocks and 3.1 weeks and 264g for hens. The age and weight of inflection point were 7.82 weeks and 1,400.63g for cocks and 12.9 weeks and 970.65g for hens. The age and weight of end of growth deceleration phase were 12.9 weeks and 2,521g (cocks) and 17.6 weeks and 2,375g (hens). Polynomial functions were suitable to estimate the association between feed consumption and feed conversion ratio with the age of the birds.

Coastal fisheries play an important role for local residents. The Ba Lat estuary is a significant area for aquatic organism recruitment or serves as nurseries for many fish species. Beloniformes has 275 species of 6 families in the world and 30 species of 3 families in Vietnam. Many species occur in estuarine habitats, even inhabit freshwater, but little is known about their early stages. The present study aims to provide species composition of larvae and juveniles of this order, and examine their distribution in estuary and mangrove forests. From 431 collected specimens, primarily postflexion larvae and juveniles (5.0-174.6 mm body length)during surveys between 2018 and 2020 using a small seine net at 19 stations along the bank water of the Ba Lat estuary of the Red River, the study identified five species of this order (i.e.,Strongylura strongylura, Hyporhamphus limbatus, Hyporhamphus far, Zenarchopterus buffonisandZenarchopterus sp.). This is the first record of early stages of Beloniformes in the Ba Lat estuary, northern Vietnam. Larvae and juveniles of the Beloniformes appeared at all stations (many were distributed at stations with mudy-sand, sandy-mud bottoms and mangrove forests), mainly in the rainy season, at the mean temperature range of 23.1-31.6C and salinity 0.1-12.5‰. They showed different tendencies in distribution patterns indicating that bottom sediments, water temperature, salinity and mangrove forests were important factors related to the distribution of larvae and juveniles of the Beloniformes in the study site. Especially, occurrences of two abundant species, H. limbatus andZ. buffonis, would have been an evidence for the distribution pattern of early stages of the Beloniformes in the Ba Lat estuary.These findings are valuable for conservation, exploitation and culture of species of this order in Vietnam.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of faba bean (Vicia fabaL.) in diets on growth performance and fillet textureof tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia (929.4 ± 40.5 g/fish) were reared for 90 days in 9 hapasof 1m³ using 3 experimental feeds (NT1, NT2, NT3). NT1 contained100% industrial pellet feed, NT2 was a mixture of 50% industrial pellet feed and 50% faba bean, NT3 contained100% faba bean. Faba bean inclusion showedsignificant positive effect on fillettoughness, sensory quality, consumer tasteandreduction ofgrowth performance but did not affect their mortality. Average daily growth (ADGw) of tilapia fed experimental diet NT2 (1.90 ± 0.10 g/fish/day) and NT3 (1.01 ± 0.14g/fish/day) was lower than those fed NT1 diet (3.39 ± 0.28 g/fish/day). Tilapia fed with 100% faba bean diet achieved the highest level of fish meat toughness, sensory qualityandconsumer tastes, followed by tilapia fed with a mixture of 50% industrial pellet feed and 50% bean, the lowest level with 100% bean diet. Fababeans could be used to improve the fillet quality and textureof tilapia, contributing to diversifying the quality of tilapia products to meet consumers’requirement.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performances of the Mia chicken carrying polymorphisms of the INS and GH genes. A total of 1,100 newly hatched of Mia chickens with characteristic morphological features, were selected from the Mia population in Son Tay town, and raised for evaluation of growth performance at Hadinco Farm. At 8 weeks of age, blood samples were taken from the wing veins of each individual and were identified the genotype by PCR-RFLP method.The results showed that the A3971G polymorphism of the INS gene had 3 genotypes AA, AG and GG with a frequency of 29%, 55% and 16%, respectively. The T3737C polymorphism had 2 genotypes CT (78%) and TT (22%); no CC genotype was found. The C423T polymorphism has 3 genotypes CC, CT and TT with frequencies of 21%, 45% and 34%, respectively. The polymorphism of G662A had 3 genotypes, in which genotypes AA and AG had frequencies of 51% and 40%, respectively. All of the above genotypes did not have a significant effect on the weight of Mia chickens, while those carrying GG genotype of the G662A had bodyweight higher by 10.4% in the general population. However, the number of Mia chickens carrying this genotype in the population was very low, accounting for only 9%.

This studyhas assessed the changing current status and the improvement of the operation quality of the irrigation system during the implementation of new rural development , thereby proposing solutions to improve the operational efficiency of the irrigation system. This has contributed to promoting the development of agricultural production in Kien Xuong district, Thai Binh province. The analysis of the changing current status and the operation quality of the irrigation system were based on the collection of secondary data sources from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Kien Xuong district and Irrigation Works Exploitation Enterprise, and primary data collected from the farmer households survey in the district. During the period of new rural development (2010-2020), 100% of the electric pumping stations, 452 in-field dam culverts and 34 dike sluices were upgraded and renovated and 180.01 km of canals were lined. The irrigation system proactively provided water for 100% of the agricultural production area with 13,045 hectares and ensured sufficient conditions to meet the people's living requirements and the regulations on natural disaster prevention and control in place.

Bacterial soft rot is one of the most common diseases and mainly affects plants including orchid Dendrobium anosmum. The bacteria causing soft rot penetrates plant tissue, causing soft rot through the wound. This study aimed to íolate and identify bacterial strains capable of causing soft rot disease on orchids and select actinomycetes capable of antagonizing pathogenic bacterial strains. From five samples of orchid leaves showing symptoms of soft rot disease collected in Bac Giang, two strains of bacteria capable of causing soft rot disease were-isolated and the pathogenicity determined by artificial re-infection method. Bacterial strains were identified as Bacillus pumilusVK3 and B. altitudinisVK5B. By usingthe disk-diffusion method, from six Streptomycesstrains, XK7 Streptomycesstrain was selected for its antagonistic effect against B. pumilusVK3 and B. altitudinisVK5B-with the diameters of clear zone of17 ± 0,07mm and 14 ± 0,05mm, respectively.

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) -a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was used in this research to delay the ripening and maintain the quality of postharvest mango fruits. Mango fruitscv. Nam Dok Mai Si Thong were dipped in SNP solution at 0.5mm or 1 mm for 10 minwhiledipping in water for 10 min served as the control. After treatment, all fruits were stored at ambient temperature (22C)until day 8thwhen the fruits of control treatment got fully ripe stage. The results showed thatSNP significantly reduced ethylene production and respiration rate in the fruits, maintained fruit firmnessanddelayed the changes in soluble solid content and titratable acidity. SNP also delayed color development of the fruit pulp. However, SNP had no effect on reducing weight loss. SNP treatment at 1mm was more effective to delaythe ripening processand maintain quality of postharvest mango fruits.

The study described the current status of accounting activities in agricultural cooperatives and identified errors and shortcomings existing in the accounting activities of those cooperatives, thereby proposed remedial solutions as "lessons" for other cooperatives inside and outside the province. The survey was conducted on 58 agricultural cooperatives in An Giang province. The research results showed that (i) the cooperatives’ accountants were mainly part-time, the rate of untrained was still high; (ii) accounting documents has not updated or applied incompletely and in accordance with the current regulations on financial report; (iii) some accounting operations were not recorded, information was omitted or some items were incorrectly presented in the financial report; (iv) the inspection and control of cooperatives was still formal and ineffective. In order to overcome these shortcomings, cooperatives and supporters need to focus on improving management capacity and strengthening training more on accounting activities, development of business and production plans, market access, knowledge and practice of financial management, internal control, and prioritization of specialized people in the cooperatives.

Double increase in food production to feed 10 billion people sustainably by 2050 is a global challenge, which requires novel breeding methods with high-throughput and accuracy. The development of computer science, image sensors, machine learning, and artificial intelligence provided scientists with new methods for quantitative evaluation of plant phenotypes in the interaction between genotype and environment. It has generated a new area for quantitative analysis of phenotypes: high-throughput crop phenotyping (HTP) combining multidimensional from cellular, tissue, organ, individual to population level. Vietnam is a developing country, agriculture still plays a vital role in economic activity and is strongly influenced by climate change. Therefore, the application of achievements from HTP technology will contribute to shorten the time of evaluation and breeding cycle and develop new resilience varieties highly adaptable to climate change. This study highlighted the history, development and challenges of HTP and its potential application for Vietnam.

This paper provided a critical review of land ownership experiencesfromdifferent countries around the world, analyzedchronological development, identifiedshortcomings and recommended land policy implications for Vietnam. By synthesizing and analyzing diverse secondary data sources, the findings showedthat multi-ownership and single-ownership types of land were existing simultaneously in the land tenure systems around the world.Unsurprisingly, the multi-ownership of land tendedto be more popular and preeminent than the single ownership manner in terms of management, use and conservation of land resources and harmonization of political,socio-economic,and environmental goals. In Vietnam, the core causes of conflicts related to land initiatedfrom of land ownershipand land property rights which are inappropriate to develop a socialist-oriented market economy. Therefore, the study proposedthat Vietnam should shortly consider ‘land use rights’ as property rights to land and fullyadaptand improve a legal mechanism for land market development. In the long term, the Land Law should be renovated by adapting land multi-ownership type to maximizing potential benefits from the land resource and harmonizing politico-socio-economic goals and balancing relations among the state, market, and citizen on land.

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is one of the most important staple crops that is widely cultivated in the world. Due to the critical role of rice in the global food security, great efforts have been made in order to develop new rice varieties with good agronomic traits, such as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a promising system for the improvement of various traits of crop plants because of its efficiency, simplicity, and versatility. In this mini review, we discussedthe applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to improve a wide range of traits in rice varieties adapted to unfavorable conditions. Specifically, a number of functional and regulatory genes that are associated with diseases (rice blast, bacterial blight) and pesticide resistance and abiotic stress(salinity, drought,and cold) tolerance havebeen functionally characterized via the mutants produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Additionally, the advances and limitations of using CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice plantswerediscussed. Taken together, our papercould provide a solid foundation for further application of genome editing tools in plant breeding for tackling climate change.