Vol. 18 No. 11 (2020)

The objectives of the present study were to identify and select appropriate varieties of rice, soybean, peanut and mungbean for introduction to crop rotation in the cropping systems of the coastal area of Thanh Hoa province. In this study, five varieties of each crop (quality rice for spring, soybean for rice-based farming, peanut for spring and mungbean for summer-autumn), were evaluated in replicated trials in three successive cropping seasons (2015-2017) in Nga Son and Hoang Hoa districts. Rice variety Thai Xuyen 111, NAS-S1 soybean, L26 peanut and mungbean ĐX 16 were selected to substitute for/or supplement the varieties being widely grown. In the on-farm pilot demonstration in 2017, selected varieties (Thai Xuyen 111; NAS-S1; L26 and DX16) produced higher yield and brought about higher economic returns compared with the widely grown varieties (TH7-2; DT84; L14 and Dau tam). It was suggested that the legume crops be scaled up in the cropping system for environmental objective and sustainable farming.

This study aims to identify the optimal chilli variety for growing in the Autumn Winter season in Quynh Phu distric, Thai Binh province. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth rate and production from 3 varieties of chili (An Dien 101, Sakata 508 and GL1-6) raised at differences of land at An ap commune (low land), Quynh Minh commune (medium land); and at An Quy commune (high land), respectively. The experiments were designed in the Autumn-Winter season in 2017, 2018 using the RCBD method with 3 replications. The results showed that GL1-6 variety exhibited the optimal growth in all land types, the growth period was ranged from 139-143 days, harvest time time is earlier and concentrated in short period, low rate of disease infection, the net yield is higher than other two varieties, reached 9.81-10.96 tons/ha. Net profit reached 297.355-331.755 million/ha. The labor-day-value reached 920.000 VND/day and the capital efficiency is 13.61 times, higher than 47.48-48.27% compared to that of the control variety (G3) (in 2017). Although the high yield was obtained in 2018, prices of chilli was dropped, the highest net profit obtained for G2 variety, 41.614 million VND/ha to 58.864 million VND/ha. The Labor Day value reached 350.000 VND/day, the capital efficiency reached 5.13 times compared to investation, higher than that of G3 variety from 18.55% to 38.4%.

This study aimed at determining suitable amount of microbio-organic fertilizer (MF) replacing inorganic fertilizer for safe leafy vegetable production in Summer-Autumn season in Northern Vietnam. The study was carried out at safe vegetable production areas of four provinces, viz. Ha Noi, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen and Ha Nam. One factor experiments were laid out on water spinach and Indian spinach according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments (CT1: 100% inorganic fertilizer - control, CT2: 75% inorganic fertilizer + 25% MF, CT3: 50% inorganic fertilizer + 50% MF, andCT4: 25% inorganic fertilizer + 75% MF) and 3 replications. The results showed that replacing 25% inorganic fertilizer for water spinach and 50% inorganic fertilizer for Indian spinach by using microbio-organic fertilizer gave significantly higher growth and yield of these two leafy vegetables compared to other treatments. Applying microbio-organic fertilizer replacing inorganic fertilizer increased Vitamin C, total carotenoid, carbohydrate and reduced the nitrate residue in water spinach and Indian spinach.

Whitespotted Clarias is an indigenous and economically valuable species in North Vietnam. However, seed resources have not meet farmers’ demands. The research to induce spawning of Whitespotted Clarias was conducted with 03 treatments: NT1 = 4,000IU HCG; NT2 = 100µg LRHa + 10mg Dom; NT3 = 2,000IU HCG + 50µg LRHa + 5mg Dom/kg female fish. The dose of drug was injected for male fish with 1/3 of that for the female fish. Each treatment used 35 females and 17 males. Water temperature ranged from 25-27C. The results showed that after 11-14h injection hormones fish spawning. The highest spawning rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate were 92.38 ± 8.73%; 72.86 ± 4.07%; 75.41 ± 1.23%, respectively obtained from NT1. There was no significant difference between treatment NT1 and treatment NT3 (P >0.05). The fry production ranged from 7.187 to 8.750 fish/kg female fish. The time to hatch Whitespotted Clarias eggs is about 31h 20m. The research results are the scientific basis for the development of the techniques producing seed Whitespotted Clarias in North Vietnam.

This study was conducted on 672 black apple snails (343 females; 329 males), which were collected from November 2016 to October 2017 in some provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to find out characteristics of gonad development and spawning season of this species.The results showed that the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was high (6.24-6.61%) from November to December and decreased to the lowest value in March (5.18%). The female snail had a higher GSI than that of the male snail, also in the rainy season, the GSI (female: 7.33%; male: 3.34%) was higher than in the dry season (female: 5.75%; male: 2.58%). Black apple snail in the spawned stage presented at a low proportion from November to March (13.0-19.4%) and increased from April to October (22.2-27.3%). Male snails in the spawned stage presented with a low proportion from January to April (2.6-7.4%), then increased from May to December (13.3-21.4%). The reproductive cycle of the black apple snail might occur year-round; however, the spawning synchronization is presented from April to October annually.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of canthaxanthin extract derived from Paracoccus carotinifaciensVTP 20181 (bio-canthaxanthin) into diet for grow-out rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the growth performance and pigment of rainbow trout muscle. The experiment was performed with five treatments including four levels of canthaxanthin from rich bacterium P. carotinifaciens VTP 20181 as a feed for rainbow trout at 0, 25, 50, 75 mg/kg (CT0, CT25, CT50, CT75), respectively and a diet contained chemical canthaxanthin 40 mg/kg as the control diet (ĐC). After the time of 90 days of feeding trial, there was no significant difference in survival rate, growth performance and carcass composition of rainbow trout (P >0.05). The score of pigmentation in diet was added 50.75 mg/kg higher than that of in diet were added 0.25 mg/kg canthaxanthin but no significant with control (P >0.05) was found. Fish fed the diet contained 50 or 75 mg/kg of bio-canthaxanthin showed the same efficacy with the commercial diet.

The study was conducted to compare the technical efficiency and economic efficiency of the two models of specialized Artemia culture and Artemia-shrimp rotation to make recommendations for a suitable farming model that brings high economic efficiency foraquaculture farmers in that area. Data of the study were collected by directly interviewing 60 Artemiafarmers with relevant information on Artemiaculture and other aquatic species in the 2018 coastal area of ​​Soc Trang province. The results show that in the dry season, most of the households cultivate only Artemia, Artemiacyst production with an average return of 66 million VND/household/year, the rate of returns is 1.59. In contrast, while in the wet season, the land is used for alternately rearing other aquatic animals (about 55% of total area), the returns are quite high for the Artemia - shrimp alternative model reaching 194 million/crop/year, the rate of returns is 2.1. Based on the survey results, it is necessary to consider the investment and expansion of the Artemia- shrimp alternation model, encouraging households to uses 100% land for aquaculture which aims to stabilize the economy for households.

Enzyme chitinase có tiềm năng ứng dụng trong nhiều lĩnh vực như môi trường, nông nghiệp và y học. Vi khuẩn sinh enzyme chitinase được tìm thấy trong môi trường tự nhiên (đất vùng rễ, nước biển) được ứng dụng để đối kháng với nấm gây bệnh thực vật và sản xuất enzyme chitinase phân huỷ các chất thải chứa chitin. Nghiên cứu đã tiến hành phân lập và tuyển chọn các chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng sinh enzyme chitinase có hoạt tính cao bằng phương pháp khuyếch tán đĩa thạch và phương pháp so màu với thuốc thử DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid). Từ đất vùng rễ cây hoa lily, 32 chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng sinh enzyme chitinase đã được phân lập. Trong đó, 4 chủng HP02, VRQ9, HM03 và GL10 có hoạt tính chitinase là cao nhất, lần lượt là 1,47; 1,44; 1,29; 1,21 U/ml. Các chủng sinh chitinase được thử đối kháng với nấm Fusarium oxysporumgây bệnh thối củ và thân ở cây hoa lily. Kết quả cho thấy rằng 4 chủng HP02, VRQ9, HM03 và GL10 đều có khả năng đối kháng với nấm. Chủng HP02 có hoạt tính chitinase cao nhất và có khả năng đối kháng nấm Fusarium oxysporum, được xác định là Bacillus subtilisdựa vào đặc điểm hình thái, hoá sinh, so sánh trình tự 16S rRNA với các trình tự trong ngân hàng gen và xây dựng câyphân loại.

The study focused on analyzing situations of the management of personal income tax collection from real estates transfers at Gia Lam district Tax Department, Hanoi city in order to propose some solutions to improve the management of personal income tax collection from real estates transfers in the district. The study conducted a survey of 200 individuals having real estates transfers in 4 communes, where real estates transfers occurred popularly in the district, namely Trau Quy, Da Ton, Kieu Ky and Dong Du in 2019, and interviewed personal income tax officers at the District Tax Department. The results showed that the submitted number of personal income tax dossiers from real estates transfers increased rapidly, over 30%/year on average during the period of 2014-2018. However, the management of taxpayers' information has not been sufficient and timely; the coordination of tax administration agencies is not effective; taxpayers' understanding of tax payment obligations is limited; tax inspection and examination are still not thorough. In order to effectively manage the collection of personal income tax from real estates transfers, it is necessary to strengthen coordination among district administrative institutions; accelerate the application of information technology; enhance tax inspection and examination; and reform tax administrative formalities.

The study investigated 35 cooperatives and 105 members of cooperatives in Tien Hai district in order to collect the situation and to propose recommendations to improve the results of production and business activities of cooperatives in the district. The study investigated 35 cooperatives and 105 members of cooperatives in Tien Hai district in order to collect information on production and business activities of cooperatives. On the basis of analyzing the current situation, the study has proposed some recommendations to improve the results of production and business activities of cooperatives. The results showed that most of the cooperatives in Tien Hai are operated in many fields with two main business activities, production and service provision. In the period of 2016-2018, the average profit tended to increase but remained at low amounts. The profit was mainly used for reinvestment, without distributing to members. The majority of cooperative members must take the initiative in capital generation and product consumption. The mobilization of capital from the members is minimal. Members are satisfied with participating in the cooperative; the quality and price of products and services provided by the cooperatives are assessed at good levels. However, the role of cooperatives in helping members increase revenue, increase profits and the initiative to seek new ideas to increase the performance is only at a neutral score. In order to improve the performance of cooperatives in the district in the coming time, the authorities, cooperatives and members need to focus on: solving capital difficulties; promoting investment in consumption activities; strengthening linkages between businesses with cooperatives and members; and encouraging the cooperatives and members participate in safe agricultural value chains.

In recent years, the world, including Vietnam is facing new challenges of labor supply in the field of agriculture and rural development, when the number of students enrolled in these fields tends to decrease. This study focused on analyzing the demand for undergraduate human resources in the field of agriculture and rural development in Vietnam in order to assess the need for undergraduate human resources training in the field of agriculture and rural development, contributing as a scientific basis for policymakers, agro-forestry and fisheries universities propose solutions to develop and support the training programs to meet social needs. The study was conducted through the collection of primary and secondary data, including surveys with the experts, trainers and employers to assess the needs of the labor force of the training sectors. As a result, there are 23 training disciplines in 4 groups selected to be in high demand and need to be invested and developed. The four groups are based on the level of socialization and industry importance based on the survey data. This is an important basis for policymakers, universities to have development training solutions and plans suitable to the training sector in the field of Agriculture and rural development in the future.

The study of students' learning demand was conducted by interviewing 205 students of grade 12 at 4 high schools and continuing Education Centers of Bac Ninh province. This study analyzes the tendance about career and degree level of students after graduating from high school. The results have shown that: the percentage of students have been learning about careers and universities that they intend to apply are 54.1% and 67.32%, respectively. Students have chosen to study business accounted for 35.12% indicated that business sector has been attracted the most candidates, only 1.95% of the interviewed students would like to study agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Binary logistic regression is used to analysis the factors affecting intention “yes” or “no” applying to universities. The result showed that learning capacity, current school, learning about careers and universities, the number of universities that students can identify are the factors influencing the intension to apply to university after graduating of students. Promoting university and career through social networking sites, making links between universities, companies and highs chools to carrer advice for students is admission measures of the university./.

This research aimed at assessing the impacts of the package of VietGAP standardized rice product in Khiet Tam cooperative in Vinh Thanh District, Can Tho City. The research was investigated using the method of Difference in Difference (DID). Data were collected from 66 rice produced households, including 33 farmers participated the package (inside cooperatives) and 33 households outside the package in two surveyed times were investigated in two crop seasons (Winter-Spring crop seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019), corresponding to before and after the application of the technical package. The results showed that households participated the package gained a higher profits of 6.37 million VND/ha/crop compared with the non-participating households. Two variables included the time and the interaction between household group * time were significantly impacted on the profit gained. The policy implication indicates that the combination of application of VietGAP standardized package and product marketing should be scaled out in order to promote rice value as well as to elevate the restructuring rice programe.

For the lastthree decades, considerable resources have been devoted to poverty in the ethnic minority areas with an impressivepoverty reduction result. However, the ethnic minority areas still have high poverty rates. This research aims ats assessingof povertyreduction process in the ethnic minority areas, suggesting a view of points, policy renovation and orientations for poverty reduction in the ethnic minority regions in the coming years.Findings indicate that although the country has attained poverty reduction targets but the share of the ethnic minority poor groups in total national poor is increasing yearly. There exist flaws in the poverty reduction policy systems. With this regard, the research recommends the need to renovate points of view on poverty reduction such as sustainable poverty reduction with people centered oriented, focusing ethnic minority groups and multiple criterial poverty reduction.There is a need to renovate poverty reduction policies towards minimizing subsidies, close links public investment with poverty reduction results, strengthening grassroot people’s participation, more flexible, effective and efficient implementation systems.

The leadership competencies of small and medium enterprise managers play an extremely important role in promoting this type of business to operate effectively. However, there are few articles focusing on the leadership competencies of small and medium enterprise managers in Vietnam. This article focuses on analysis of concepts, constituents, influences and effectiveness of leadership competencies of small and medium enterprise managers in Vietnam to give some recommendations to improve these competencies of small and medium enterprise managers in the future. These competencies include knowledge, skills and qualities. There is a discrepancy between the necessary and current competencies of small and medium enterprise managers, especially knowledge of business strategies; skills to initiate changes, to build and develop corporate culture. To improve the leadership competencies of the small and medium enterprises managements, the efforts of the leaders themselves, the involvement of the state, the training facilities, service provider for organizations and professional association are required.

Migration is a topic which many authors mention. However, considering the impact of migration on economic development is not clear in both Vietnam and over the world. This paper systematizes the theoretical and practical about migration and its effect on economic development. The contents include: (i) Systematizing theoretical basis of the definition, classification and causes of migration; Positive and negative effects of migration on economic development; (ii) Systematize the internal and external practical basis about the impact of migration on economic development.