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Present Land Use and Orientation of Agricultural Land Use in the Process of Industrialization and Urbanization in BacNinh Province

Nguyen Xuan Thanh, Do Nguyen Hai

Received: 05-12-2018 / Accepted: 25-01-2019
Bac Ninh is an industrially developed province and plans to become a city under the central government after 2020, so that the agricultural land has been decreasinggradually. The research objectives were to evaluate the present agricultural land resource and to determine the suitable orientation of agricultural land use for industrialization and urbanization. Results showed that the present agricultural land was classified into 3 subzonesaccording to use: (1) subzone of pure agricultural production, (2) subzone of agricultural production affected by industrialization,and (3) subzone of agricultural production affected by urbanization. Results showed that there were 5 main land use types (LUTs) with 14 main land utilization typesin the province. Commodity oriented land utilization tovegetables, non-rice crops, fruits, rice and flower showedhigh economic efficiency in thesub-zones affected by industrialization and urbanization. The research results serve as basisto select suitableland useand land utilization for agricultural restructuringin order to meet the goalsof the socio-economic development in the process of industrialization and urbanization in BacNinh province.
Assessing the Current Status and Efficiency of Agricultural Land Usein the South of Vientiane Capital, Lao P.D.R

Phouthone Thammavong, Nguyen Quang Hoc

Received: 02-11-2017 / Accepted: 05-01-2018
Agricultural land use plays the vital role in production of agricultural products and agrciultural commodities.Recently, agricultural land use has changed significantly towards higher efficiency in the South of Vientiane Capital. The study objective was to point out effective land use patterns as a base for orientation of acgicultural land use in the future. In this study, we used field surveys, primary and secondary data collection, and statistical analyses to access land use situation and efficiency of agricultural land use. The results showed that there were 5 land use types (LUTs) with 15 sub-LUTs in Southern Vientiane. Some agricultural sub-LUTs were assessed as highly efficient, such as rice - vegetable and vegetable. Some agricultural sub-LUTs had high economic efficiency, however, they affected the environment due to the use of pesticides, crop monoculture and unbalanced useof organic and inorganic fertilizer, i.e. LUT of vegetable. The results might serve as a good basis for the orientation of agricultural land use towards efficiency in the future.
Assessement of Land Management and Land Use of Economic Organizations Which Were Assigned or Leased Land by the Government in Me Linh District, Ha Noi City

Do Thi Tam, Pham Minh Giap

Received: 18-03-2015 / Accepted: 09-06-2015
The study aims to assess land management and land useof economicorganizationswhich were assigned or leased land by the governmentin Me Linh. Thus, propose solutionsto enhanceland use efficiency, at the same time to limit the cases of breaking the Land law. The research used intergrated analysis and comparisonmethods. The result shows thatthere were 217economicorganizationswhich wereassigned or leased land with a total area of 927.50 ha in Me Linh District. 25 organizations used the land for improper purposes with an area of 14.27 ha; 9organizations used land for leasing to another organization with an area of 13.20 ha; 5 organizations had land in dispute with an area of 13.10 ha; 16 organizations used land as a join capital in business with an area of 34.74 ha and 13 organizations with 84.55 ha of land which have not put in to use yet. To remedy thesesituations, it is necessary to promulgate appropriate policies and laws, economical solutions, scientific solutions and management solutions.
Assessing the Situation of Agricultural Land Accumulation and Concentration in Hung Yen ProvinceDuring 2010-2021 Period

Truong Thu Loan, Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh, Ho Thi Lam Tra

Received: 02-07-2023 / Accepted: 04-08-2023
Land accumulation and concentration for development of commodity agriculture is an inevitable trend. The study aimed to assess the current situation and propose solutions to enhance accumulation and concentration of agricultural land in Hung Yen province. The methods used included secondary survey, primary survey, Likertscale and T-test. The area of Agricultural land in Hung Yen province is about 62.52% of the natural land area and tends to decrease with an average of 215,15 ha/year in 2010-2021 period. By 2021,Hung Yen province accumulated and concentrated 6.496,7 hectares of agricultural land (11.17%), with 3 main methods: (i) farm rental accounting for 48.96%, (ii) accumulated and concentrated but no change in land use rights, accounting for 32.97%; (iii) accumulated and concentrated based on the change in land use rights accounting for 19.07%. Land users assessed the accumulation and concentration of agricultural land in Hung Yen province with 2/12 criteria at a very good level and 10/12 criteria at a good level.The paper proposed solutions to increase the accumulation and concentration of agricultural land.
Assessing Efficiency of Agricultural Land Use in An Thi District, Hung Yen Province

Do Van Nha, Nguyen Thi Phong Thu

Received: 10-10-2016 / Accepted: 10-01-2017
Agricultural land use plays the vital role in producing agricultural products and agrciultural commodities. Recently, agricultural land use has changed significantlytowards higherefficiency in An Thi District. The research objective wasto assess the efficiency of sub-land use types to serve asbasisfor the orientation of agricultural land use in the district. The results showedthat there were 5 Land Use Types (LUTs) with 17 sub-LUTs. Some agricultural sub-LUTs were assessed withhigh level of efficiency, such as 2 rice crops + squash, 2 rice crops + tomato, vegetabe crop, fruit tree anh fish. Some agricultural sub-LUTs had high economic efficiency, however, they affected the environment because of the overuse offertilizer and pesticides, such as vegetable crops. Therefore, the results of assessment might serve asa good basis for the orientation of agricultural land use towards efficiency in the future.
Some Factors Which Influence Management of Agricultural Land Use in Sontay Town, Hanoi City

Bui Tuan Anh, Nguyen Dinh Bong, Do Thi Tam

Received: 16-09-2013 / Accepted: 25-09-2013
The sustainable land use management relates to the current and future areas of economics, society, culture and environment, limits land and water degradation and reduces production costs. The study aims to find out some factors which have effects on the management of agricultural land use in SonTay Town. The impact of the factors on the management of agricultural land use was analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman Rank Corrrelation Coefficient in SPSS15.0 with significant level: 0.05 through the investigation of 160 households from 4 communes and 30 office workers. The results of the research show that the local people realise that there has been a remarkable change in the land use management over the period and the main factors which influence the management of agricultural land use are land policies, policies supporting capital, techniques; characteristic of land, scale of the area of farm land, and the role of media and information.
Assessment of Actual Agricultural Land Use towards Commodity Production in DuyTien District, HaNam Province

Do Van Nha, Tran Thanh Toan

Received: 23-02-2016 / Accepted: 01-04-2016
Agricultural land use plays the vital role in supplying agricultural products for people, increasing the income of land users, and contributes significally to protection of environment, landscape in rural area. Recently, agricultural land use in Duy Tien District has actually been a significal change to produce more goods with high value to contribute vitally to improvement of the people’ income and their livelihood. The research objective is to assess the actual agricultural land use towards commodity production in the district. The results show that there were 5 Land Use Types (LUT) with 26 sub-LUTs. For economic efficiency, vegetable, other annual crops, fruit trees were the highest, these LUTs are able to expand in the future. Specifically, 3 LUT and 14 sub-LUTs have been planted and developed towards commodity production to increase the gross output and added value of local land users, such as: vegetable, other annual crops with the percentage for sale of >80%, for fruit trees of >90%, and so the consumption level is very low. Therefore, actual agricultural land use towards commodity prodcution is astimated as suitable to zone the agricultural commodity production area, to decrease the labour force in agriculture sector and to be a significant background to reorganize the sector of agriculture towards to increasing gross output and added value.
Evaluating Land Suitability for Some Principal Crops in Ngeun District, Sayaboury Province, Lao PDR

Somphanh Phengsida, Ho Quang Duc, Luong Duc Toan

Received: 07-01-2016 / Accepted: 18-05-2016
A total land areas of 39.139 hectaresincludingagricultural land, productive forest land and unused land of Ngeun District were evaluatedfor the suitability ofland use by FAO guideline for land evaluation. The principal crops of concerns werelowland rice, upland rice, maize, groundnuts, tobacco, garlic, vegetable, pineaple, citrus, litchi, mango and rubber. Based on land use requirements of the selected crops and the natural characteristics of the district, the following factors were chosen for Land mapping Unit (LMU): soil type, slope, depth of fine soil layer, soil texture, rock fragment content, irrigation ability and fertility of the top soil. The land evaluation results showed that due to complex topographic features and soil/land characteristics, 80 LMU were identified in the area of agriculture land. Highly suitable (S1) area for lowland rice, upland rice, maize, groundnuts, tobacco, garlic, vegetable, pineaple, citrus, litchi, mango and rubber in the Ngeun district were 867.83; 15,303.74; 5,316.80; 5,138.45; 3,669.53; 3,669.53; 14,789.86;22,517.95; 15,473.94; 18,777.39; 7,521.76; 10,823.63 hectares, respectively. These results serve as an important basis for agricultural land use planning in Ngeun district.
Agricultural Land Use Change towards Improving Value Added in Nam Sach District, Hai Duong Province

Nguyen Thi Phuong Duyen, Nguyen Thi Vong, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Quang Huy

Received: 27-09-2017 / Accepted: 28-03-2018
A study was conducted to analyze the current status of agricultural land utilization and find solutions for restructuring the agricultural sector in terms of agricultural land use change in Nam Sach District, Hai Duong Province. Secondary and primary data collection were collectedin the study. Multi-objective optimization model was used to determine the area of 31 actual land utilization types serving as basis for change in the land use towards higher value added. At present, there were 8 land use types (LUTs) and 31 land utilization types, in which the area of two rice crops was largest with 2,480.71 ha, accounting for 34.65% of the total agricultural land. Based on the results of multi-objective optimization model analysis, the evaluation of efficiency of current land use and agricultural development orientations of the district, the areas under two rice crops (1,180.71 ha), aquaculture (505.19 ha), and rice -non-rice crops (52.75 ha) are recommended to change to two rice - non-rice crops, integrated farms, and fruit production, respectively.
Prediction of Land Use Changes in Don Duong District, Lam Dong Province Using Integrated Model of GIS, Markov Chain, and Logistic Regression

Nguyen Huu Cuong, Nguyen Van Cuong

Received: 14-10-2021 / Accepted: 01-03-2022
Land use changes are recognized as one of the most significant driving forces of environmental changes. This study aimed to predict land-use change in Don Duong district, Lam Dong provinceby applying the integration of GIS, Markov chain and logistic regression. The land-use maps of 2010 and 2015 were employed to predict the land-use scenario for 2020. The predicted results were compared with the observed land-use map of 2020 to validate the method using kappa index statistics. Based on the proposed model, the future land-use change prediction for 2025 and 2030 was performed. The forecast results show that Don Duong district had a significant change in land use. Converting the forest land into other land uses, especially to built-up land and annual agricultural land, is the main land-use change in the future.The resultof this study providesuseful information as the foundation for planning local land-use policies to ensure sustainable development goals.
Assessment of Soil Salinization in Hau Giang Province

Tran Xuan Mien, Duong Dang Khoi
Soil salinization results fromaccumalation of soluble salts in soil, which negatively influences agricultural production activity, makingproductive land areas nonsuitable for farming or reducing crop yield. Theobjective of this study wasto analyze the status of salinization of agricultural land in Hau Giang province using inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The results revealedthat the percentage of the non-salinized agricultural land (<0.25%)accounted for higher percentage of44.23% of the total agricultural land. The percentage of agricultural land area with the soluble salt level at0.25-0.5% occupied30.79% of the total agricultural land, mainly located in Long My district and Long My Town. With the soluble salt level of 0.5-0.75%, 24.98% of the total agricultural land areawasaffected, mainlyin the distrits of Phung Hiep, Chau Thanh, Chau Thanh A and Long My. The salinization in Hau Giangwasmainly caused by seawater intrusionas well as salinized groundwater.Suitable irrigation methods, salt-tolerant crop varieties and lime (CaCO3) could be applied to reduce the adverse effect of salinity of agricultural land areas affected withmoderate level of total soluble salts(0.5-0.75%).
Assessment of the Transfer of Land Use Rights in Pho Yen District, Thai Nguyen Province

Phan Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Van Dung

Received: 08-01-2016 / Accepted: 10-05-2016
This study was carried out to assess and determine limitations and shortcomings in the transfer of land use rights for households and individuals, thereby propose solutions to enhance the efficiency of land use right transfer in in Pho Yen district. The results showed that total transfer of land use right was 7.148 cases, including 4.082 in residential land and 3,120 in agricultural land. The transfer of land use rights is enforced by the land law, but there existed some shortcomings such as transfer status without registering with state agencies, lower transfer contract price compared with transaction price, dificulty in the search for market information,… The solutions to solve the above shortcomings are regular inspecting and supervising the transfer of land use rights, enforcing strong sanctions on use right transfers not approved by state agencies, building database for real estate market, advocating land law to the people, training to enhance knowledge and supplementing professional staff of land use right transfer.
Land Accumulation and Concentration for Commodity-oriented Agricultural Development in Dak Nong Province

Nguyen Anh Duc, Nguyen Tuan Son

Received: 17-05-2021 / Accepted: 03-06-2021
The process of land accumulation and concentration has occurredin Dak Nong province. However, this process still reveals many limitations and has not met the needs of the province's commodity agriculture development.Based onassessing the current situationand analyzing factors affecting the process of land accumulation and concentration over time, thisstudyproposedsolutions to accelerate the process of land accumulation and concentration for commodity-oriented agricultural developmentin Dak Nongprovince. This study appliedthe participatory approachmethodto collect primary data, combinedboth qualitative and quantitative methodsin data analysis. Ourresults showedthat for the farm group, land accumulation took place in the form of buying and renting land from other farmers, while for the cooperatives, land concentration in the form of sharing land rights between farmers and entrepreneurs was dominant. The fluctuation of the land market and the resources of the actors involved in land accumulation and concentration were key factors influencingthe process of land accumulation and concentration.
Orientationof Planning for the Applied Hi-Tech Agricultural Zonesin Luong Tai District, Bac Ninh Province

Do Van Nha, Nguyen Tho Hoang, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Khac Viet Ba, Nguyen Van Thao

Received: 08-04-2020 / Accepted: 27-06-2020
Developing applied high-tech agriculture is the indispensable trend in the current period. However, the orientations of planning for the applied high-tech agricultural zones are different in each locality and specific development period. The objective of this study was to plan the applied high-tech agricultural zones in line with land potential, creating the space for enterprises and farmers to invest in the agricultural sector in Luong Tai District. Various methods were used in this study such as land evaluation method, data investigation and processing method etc. The results showed that the rice crop was the main crop with 9186 ha, after that vegetable crops with roughly 2646 ha, then other crops. The results of land evaluation indicated that 52 land mapping units were created by overlapping 6 thematic maps. The land suitability shows that the rice, vegetable crops had a high level of suitability at S1 and S2.Based on the results of land evaluation, the needs and the abilities of Luong Tai district, 145 agricultural zones with 1022 ha should be planed for the applied high-tech agricultural zones in the district in coming time of 2030.
Application of CLUMondo Model in Forecasting Land use Changes in Van Yen district, Yen Bai Province

Pham Duy Khanh, Vu Thanh Bien, Dao Xuan Thu, Nguyen Luu Ly, Ngo Thanh Son, Bui Le Vinh

Received: 25-10-2022 / Accepted: 18-04-2023
This study applied the CLUMondo model to simulate land changes for land use planning in Van Yen district, Yen Bai province under two scenarios: Scenario 1- land use demand in the past and Scenario 2- based on local land use orientation. The simulation principle of the model was based on the interaction between the influencing factors and land use types through logistic regression. The simulation accuracy of the model for the 2020 overlay map was evaluated by the Kappa coefficient of 0.88. The simulation results show that by 2030, in scenario 1, construction land fluctuates the most (increase by 9.82%), while forest land and agricultural land decrease to 83.25% and 1.77%, respectively. In scenario 2, the forest and agricultural land also tend to decrease, but less than in scenario 1. The most obvious difference between the two scenarios is that the area of construction land increases sharply in scenario 1 compared to scenario 2, and the bare land with shrubs increases in scenario 1 but decreases in scenario 2.
Building Land Price Zone in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Duong Quang Commune, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City

Pham Sy Liem, Tran Van Tuan

Received: 29-06-2018 / Accepted: 30-10-2018
Land price zone in rural areas was built for two main types of land: agricultural land and rural residential land. The study used mass-appraisal method from the land price regression model combined with spatial interpolation analysis to calculate the continuous values for the whole study area. Land price data were collected through survey using current market price, while the impact factor data were measured from spatial data analysis. Rural residential land price model consisted of 9 variables with type of contiguous road, the distance to contiguous road and the distance to market as the main factors. Agricultural land price model consisted of 6 variables with the main factors of land use type, the distance to main road, and the distance to water source. Based on the above two models, land price zone was established for 10 different sub-areas of the study area.
Situation and Orientation for Land Use in Nam Dinh Province in the Context of Climate Change

Tran Thi Giang Huong, Nguyen Thi Vong

Received: 16-09-2013 / Accepted: 25-09-2013
Nam Dinh province is located at the South of the Red River Delta, with total natural area of 165,146 ha. Nam Dinh owns advantages in marine economy, but climate change and sea-level rise significantly influence the land use of the province. Based on current situation on land use, land potentials, land use models, climate change, sea-level rise scenarios by the year 2020 were conducted. The results are showed that agricultural land area is estimated to remain at 103,479.97ha, non-agricultural land area at 62,109.84ha, and unused land area at 2,552.55ha. To adapt to climate change, the coastal areas should be encouraged to adopt such land use patterns which not only focus on land use for farming but also link land use towards service-goods, such as aquaculture and eco-tourism.
CurrentSituationandMeasures to Improve EfficiencyofAgriculturalLandUseinBorderCommunesof TrungKhanhDistrict,CaoBangProvince

Nguyen Dac Hau, Nguyen Thi Vong

Received: 25-02-2020 / Accepted: 19-05-2020
The objective of the study was to evaluate the current situation and propose solutions to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in Trung Khanh border commune. By research method: investigate, collect secondary and primary data; statistical analysis; evaluate land-use efficiency. The results show that the area of agricultural land was 4.523,62ha, accounting for 20,56% of agricultural land, with land use coefficient 1,54. There were 04 types of land use (LUT) with 13 types of land use. Synthesis of high land-use efficiency (C) had 1 type of land use, an area of 87,87 ha accounting for 1,94%; There were 06 types of low efficiency (T), area of 2.282,26ha, accounting for 50,45%, the remaining 06 types of land use with average efficiency (TB), area of 2.153,49ha accounting for 47,61% of the total cultivated area of the region. To improve efficiency, there should be a number of solutions: propagating and organizing production; scientific and technical applications; policies, capital; zoning; strengthening training and human resource allocation and marketing the products.
Status of Penalties for Administrative Violations in Agricultural Land in Lang Son Province

Tran Quang Trung, Nguyen Tat Canh, DoThi Duc Hanh

Received: 02-02-2024 / Accepted: 12-04-2024
The study aimed to point out the advantages, limitations and causes when sanctioning administrative violations in the field of agricultural land in Lang Son province and propose solutions to improve the sanctioning of administrative violations so that agricultural land can be used. in accordance with the law. In the period 2016-2022, there were 2,582 cases of agricultural land law violationswith 166.29ha sanctioned for land encroachment and appropriation; Illegally building houses or arbitrarily changing land use purposes, illegally transferring land, etc. Administrative sanctions have been directed and supervised regularly by all levels and branches. The person who is sanctioned for an administrative violation has complied with the decision to sanction an administrative violation. However, many cases have not been sanctioned promptly due to inappropriate regulations on sanctioning authority; limited level of legal knowledge of land users;human resources in some localities are lacking; cadastral records are not good. To sanction administrative violations promptly and accurately, it is necessary to perfect the authority to sanction administrative violations; strengthen propaganda and dissemination of laws; ensure sufficient human resources and facilities to serve the sanctioning of administrative violations; complete cadastral records.
Land Accumulation and Concentration: Theoretical and Practical Fundamentals for Commodity Oriented Agricultural Development

Do Kim Chung

Received: 22-03-2018 / Accepted: 03-07-2018
During the last three decades,the agricultural policies, especially land policy,have been renovated and enabledimpressive development of Vietnam’sagriculture. However, agriculture sector is still unsustainable. One of the core causes of this situation is the slow process of land accumulation and concentration. This paper discusses concepts, viewpoints and modes of land accumulation and concentration. Based on the land accumulation and concentration facts during the last years, the paper proposes some recommendationstorenovate agricultural land policies for commodity oriented agricultural development.
Assessing Efficiency of Agricultural Land Use Models for Commodity Production in Luong Tai District, Bac Ninh Province

Do Van Nha, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Khac Viet Ba

Received: 25-07-2016 / Accepted: 20-10-2016
Agricultural land use playsavital role in producing agricultural products andagricultural commodityproducts. Recently, some models of agriculturalland use in Luong Tai District haveactually been set up to produce more commodity goods. The research objectivewas to assess the efficiency and commodity productivelevel ofthe agricultural production land use modelsin the district. The results show that there were three land use types (LUT) with 15 sub-LUTs. Some agriculturalland use models were assessed withhigh level of efficiency and commodity production, such as vegetable crops, galangal (Alpinia officinarum) and carrots. Therefore, agricultural land use models forcommodity production contribute significantly toagricultural development towards to increasing gross output and added value.
Efficiency Assessment of Some Land Use Types after Conversion from Paddy Land inNam Dinh Province

Nguyen Tuan Hung, Hoang Thai Dai

Received: 18-04-2018 / Accepted: 23-07-2018
This study aimed to assess the efficiency of some land use types after conversion from rice land in Nam Dinh province. Surveys were conducted in three districts of Hai Hau, Nam Truc and Y Yen. Results showed that’s the converion of paddy land to other forms such as medicinal plants, specialized vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants brought about the highest economic value (especial flowers and ornamental plants with the highest value of VND 523.94 million/ha, followed by aquaculture of VND 475.9 million/ha, integrated farm with VND 429.87 million/ha and medicinal plants 234.69 million VND/ha). Land coversion has improved social benefits, created more jobs for local workers, increased income for farmers and made positive changes to the enviroment in production. Conversion of paddy land to other forms of land uses significantly contributed to the land use efficiency and promoted the mechanization of local agricultural production.
The Current Situation and Economic Efficiency for Using Cultivative Land in Tu KyDistrict, Hai Duong Province

Dao Duc Man, Nguyen Tat Canh

Received: 05-09-2013 / Accepted: 23-09-2013
The study evaluated the curent status of agricultural land use models as well as economic effectiveness of land use types TheGAMS multipurpose mathematic model was used to determine land use typeswith high economic efficiency to serve as basis for developing land use guidelines until 2020 in Tu Ky district. In 2010, there were 29 land use formswithin three main land use types in the district. The economic efficiency of land use for rice cultivation was shown to be lower that land use for non-rice crops. Based on GAMS model with varying food production and investemnt as variables, potential land use types were proposed.
Assessment of the Efficiency of Agricultural Land use in Krong Pa District, Gia Lai Province

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quyen, Dang Xuan Trung

Received: 25-08-2020 / Accepted: 02-03-2021
Agricultural production is an area where land is the main means of production. Therefore, the comparison and selection of land use types (LUTs) suitable for land conditions is an objective requirement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural production land uses in Krong Pa district to support farmers to select LUTs conformed to the region's natural conditions through the survey, interview households methods on economic, social and environmental aspects. Results showed that the land-use efficiency was at a medium level with rice, corn, cassava, tobacco, and a high level with cashew. In the future, farmers should focus on applying organic fertilizers, using drought-resistant cultivars to increase land-use efficiency and enhance the income of farmers in Krong Pa district.
Impacts of Investment Projects on Livelihood and Employment of Local Peoplesuffering Agricultural Land Acquisition in Chuong My District, Ha Noi City

Pham Van Van

Received: 11-03-2014 / Accepted: 14-05-2014
The impactsof investment projects on livelihoodsandemployment of local people suffering agricultural land acquisition and the challenges of the land acquisition in the socio-economic development are of hottest debate, both in Vietnam in general and in Chuong My District in particular. The research results showedthat from 2000-2010, 2,249 households were acquired ofagricultural land with total area of 968.97 ha in the district. The land acquisitionhas contributed significantly to the change of economic structure: agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector decreasedto 22.00%, while industry and construction increased to 42.00% and trade and services increasedto36% by2010. However, the loss of agricultural land triggered some unexpected problems for some farmers, such as unemploymentandsocial impact. Specifically, the change of jobs in some households sufferingagricultural landacquisitionfor industrial clusters and parks was averagely only 16.5%. The results also indicatedthat the income of some local households was notchanged, but someotherhouseholdswith less agricultural land acquisitiongot lower incomecomparison with previous period.

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