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Methods of Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis in Multi-Dimension Statistics Data Processing

Nguyen Huu Du

Received: 06-05-2014 / Accepted: 15-07-2014
A crucial issue posed in practical research is analyzing and processing of collected data. If collected data is large, examining the information will be relatively complex and troublesome. This article presented two efficient methods in multi-dimension data processing, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. These methods were successfully tested to analyze a set of data from a research project in agronomy.
Development of a Handheld Spectrometer for Vegetables in Vietnam

Ngo Viet Duc, Hoang Le Tuan Anh, Tran Phuong Ha, Hoang Ngoc Lin, Le Canh Viet Cuong

Received: 05-08-2021 / Accepted: 29-10-2021
The objective of this study was to design and fabricate a handheld optical reflectance device on some common vegetables in Vietnam such as cabbage, lettuce, and bok choy. The handheld device was designed by AutoCAD 2019 software (Autodesk Inc, CA, USA). 3D modeling was performed by Sketchup 2019 (ver. 19.0.685, Trimble Inc, CA, USA). An interface designed by Matlab GUI was used to collect reflectance data from the handheld device. The collected data from the handheld device was compared with the data from a spectrometer of Ocean Optics. Results showed that the shape of the collected data from the handheld device and the spectrometer was similar. However, the collected spectral data of the handheld device were not jet adjusted and applied with pre-processing techniques such as smoothing, removing outliers and errors. Further studies on the effects of pre-processing and spectral calibration methods are needed for improving the accuracy of the handheld device. Additionally, assessments of the similarity and stability of reflectance over the wide range of vegetable leaves are required. The results of the present study provide meaningful design guidance for pesticide residue monitoring for leafy vegetables.
Some Algorithms for Clustering Categorical Data in Data Mining

Hoang Thi Ha

Received: 05-12-2011 / Accepted: 18-05-2012
The paper describes some typical clustering algorithms for categorical attributes. Specifucally, we focus on research clustering algorithm called MMR which is based on the rough set theory. The algorithm has the ability to control uncertainty in processing cluster. It has been successfully installed and four standard data sets were tested. The results indicate that MMR generates better quality clusters than some traditional algorithms.
Evaluating the Current Status of Land Use and TheBorder Gate Economic Zone Dong Dang -Lang Son Development Plan

Chu An Truong, Quyen Thi Lan Phuong , Vu Thi Binh

Received: 25-09-2018 / Accepted: 23-01-2019
The study evaluated the current status of land use and the development plan implementation of the Border Gate Economic Zone Dong Dang - Lang Son with the purpose of finding out the disadvantages in land use and in the implementation of planning types that affect the development of the Border Gate Economic Zone. The research methods involvedcollecting secondary data and primary data, processing data by Excel and SPSS, and evaluating the development plan implementation of the Border Gate Economic Zone Dong Dang - Lang Son. Results showed that the current status of non-agricultural land use was extremely low, especially the land use for infrastructural facilities, production - business establishments and industrial zones. By 2017, several land use indicators of functional areas were delayed, so the plan goals were not achieved as initially set. The factors that influenced the plan goal implementation included: policy of attracting investors has been limited and difficulty in fund mobilization and change in land use purpose. According to the evaluation from land users, the plan was not well implemented due to slow process of planning and implementation, and there was no close linkage between the Border Gate Economic Zone development plan and the New Rural Construction plan.
Economic Linkage between Households and Enterprises in Production and Marketing of Medical Herbs in Hai Hau District, Nam Dinh Province

Nguyen Thanh Phong, Nguyen Phuong Le

Received: 05-05-2021 / Accepted: 15-06-2021
Economic linkages between farmers and enterprises can bring benefits to both sides: farmers can avoid the situation of “good harvest and falling price”, while enterprises are able to stabilize raw materials for processing. The article aimed to point out the benefits and shortcomings in economic linkages between enterprises and farmers in the production and marketing medicinal herbs, thereby proposing solutions to improve the efficiency in the linkage between enterprises and farmers. In addition to secondary information, primary data were collected from two enterprises, one cooperative and100 farmers involved in linkage and 30 farmerss not involved in linkage with enterpirse. The results showed that economic linkage brought benefits to both businesses and farmers. However, the linkage between farmers and enterprises in Hai Hau district revealed many shortcomings such as low level of household awareness, small production scale and fragmentation and lack of infrastructure … In order to further promote linkage, the solutions proposed are following: i) Improving farmers' awareness of the role of linkages in the supply of raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry; ii) Strengthening support from enterprises for farmers in production techniques and production inputs; iii) Implementing mechanisms and policies by local authorities in order to attract more enterprises to invest in production, purchasing and processing of medicinal herbs in the district.
The Current Production of Ampelopsis cantoniensis(Hook. & Arn.) Planch(Vine Tea)in the Tu Commune,Dong Giang District, Quang Nam Province

Nguyen Ho Lam, Tran Phuong Dong, Pham Viet Tich, Le Hoang, Nguyen Tan Tuan

Received: 08-07-2019 / Accepted: 29-08-2019
The objective of this study was to clarify the current production, natural conditions, botanical characteristics, cultivation techniques, harvesting, processing, product preservation techniques, and consumption of the vine tea, Ampelopsis cantoniensis,in Tu commune, Dong Giang District, Quang Nam Province. Primary and secondary data were collected, analyzed and evaluated. The results indicated that the vine tea was mainly planted in autumn season from August to October with a density of 20,000 plants per hactare. Six to eight months after cultivation, the vines wereharvested for the first time. The vines can be harvested once a monthwith9-10 months each year, yielding about 6.0 tons of dryvineyields per hectare per year. In order to make thisvine tea become a local major commercial plant, it is necessary to focus on improving the commercial production and processing techniques. In addition, the vine tea production cooperativesof Tu commune and the local government authorities should promote large-scale production, monitor quality, establish a brand name and advertise the product.
Content-based Image Retrieval with Convolutional Neural Networks and Binary Hashing Method

Nguyen Thi Huyen, Tran Thi Thu Huyen, Vu Thi Luu

Received: 20-07-2020 / Accepted: 02-09-2020
Content-based image retrieval has received great attention in recent years because this method overcomes the disadvantages of the text-based image retrieval that is not affected by the lack of or wrong of the text attached to the image. In addition, deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks have demonstrated their ability to process large-sized data, especially computer vision and image processing. The aims of this study was develop a content-based image retrieval program and method to reduce image query time using the convolutional neural network (CNN). Also, we combined CNN with a binary hashing method to improve image retrieval time. The experimental results on CIFAR-10 and MNIST data sets showed that combining CNN with the binary hashing method for content-based image retrieval achieved an accuracy of approximately 89% on CIFAR-10,98% on MNIST and significantly improved retrieval time.
Development of Cashew Production in Binh Phuoc Province: Current Status and Solutions

Nguyen Truong Vy, Nguyen Thi Minh Hien

Received: 06-08-2019 / Accepted: 04-10-2019
Binh Phuoc is known as the capital of cashew production and processing in Vietnam, which contributes significantly to the economic development of the province as well as to the farmers. However, theuncertainty about prices, pests andthe competition withother crops such as black pepper and rubberaffectthe cashew production development of Binh Phuoc province. The objective of the study was to assess the current status of cashew production development in Binh Phuocprovince, analyze the influencing factors and propose some policy orientations. Thestudy was based on secondary data and survey data of 420 households, combined with in-depth interviews with technical staff and experts in Binh Phuoc province. Research results showesthat cashew production households with an average scale of 7.2 ha attainedan average income of nearly 50 million VND/ha. However, the linkage in productionwasnot yet available, the conditions of infrastructure were not synchronized, pests and diseases significantly affected thecashew production. The study proposes a number of solutions to promote the development of production in a sustainable way, exploiting the potential advantages in Binh Phuoc province.
Research and Apply Automatic Submerged Arc Welding Technology to Weld Q345B High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel

Nguyen Huu Huong, Tong Ngoc Tuan

Received: 04-07-2016 / Accepted: 25-12-2016
Based oOn the currentavailableequipments, constructing an experimental model combining with equipment system, attachment and automatic submerged arc welding machine to weld Q345B high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel with T-letter shapedjointwith,a thickness of plates isof5 mm and 8 mm,respectively. Based on theoretic research into on automatic submerged arc welding technology, experimental welding,using design ofexperimental designsand,data processing were performed to find out parameters of for welding conditions to serve welding process of Q345B steel. Through the initial survey,fix somewith constantparameters and experimental welding with about input parameterintervals and evaluating output parameters, determining the followingparameters of welding conditionswere determined: welding current Ih≈ 440 Aand,welding speed Vh≈ 19,.6 m/h. With parameters of welding conditions that were determined,combining with technological elementsand specific structure, T-letterjoint that was weldinged toensureproducedgood form, dimension and quality.
Development of Hi-Tech AgriculturalZonesin Bac Giang Province

Nguyen Thi Nhung, Quyen Dinh Ha

Received: 30-06-2023 / Accepted: 04-08-2023
The present article was based on data andinformation collected from officialreports, in-depth interviews with localofficials, and field surveys of production units to assess the current situation of thedevelopmentofhi-tech agricultural zones in Bac Giang province. The research results show that there were 14 hi-tech cultivation zones that have been established and developed as planned, focusing on: vegetables, flowers, tea, lychee, citrus,and mushrooms. Various hightechnologies have been put into application such as breeding new plant varieties and crop management practices with automatic equipment. Consumption linkages within zoneswere also established and developed. However, technical infrastructure for hi-tech agricultural production has not been synchronously invested from production to harvesting, preliminary processing, preservation and product consumption,lack of core technologies, especially information technology, automation technology, and biotechnology; andpotential risks. Therefore, the local government should have stronger support policies for the development of the province's hi-tech agriculturalzones in the coming time.
Development of Vegetable Production for Export in Vietnam: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, Ninh Xuan Trung, Nguyen Van Pho, Nguyen Thi Phuong Tam, Ngo Thi Thuan

Received: 12-01-2023 / Accepted: 29-06-2023
Vietnam has the advantage of natural conditions to develop production of fresh vegetables (leafy, root, fruit vegetables and spices)..in which fresh vegetables for export are one of the important products of the agricultural sector. Exporting fresh vegetables are not only to bring export turnover to the country, but also create favorable conditions for supporting industries, especially to develop processing logistics and service. However, Vietnam's vegetable export production has not yet reached its full potential and revealed many limitations. This research used methods of synthesizing and statistical analysis of secondary information/data from books, articles, specialized journals, and domestic and international scientific research in order to systematize the theoretical and practical basis of developing vegetable production for export, thereby generalizing solutions to develop export vegetable production for Vietnam.
Strengthening Labor Vocational Training for High-Tech Agricultural Development in Hanoi City

Nguyen Phuong Le, Le Thi Thanh Loan, Nguyen Thi Thiem

Received: 21-03-2023 / Accepted: 21-06-2023
This article aimed to assess the current status, then to propose solutions to improve labor quality in order to meet the demand for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi city. By synthesizing secondary data, the research results show that there was a serious shortage of labor force who could apply high-tech into agricultural production in Hanoi city. The number of agricultural workers who were recruited by enterprises after they took the vocational training on traditional occupation was only 2.3%. The main reasons are that the workers themselves were not aware of the importance of high-tech agricultural vocational training; vocational teachers had not been trained to improve their qualifications; training institutions were in shortage of practical equipment, and vocational training programs only focused on the field of production, not on product processing and marketing. Therefore, the necessary solutions to improve the quality of agricultural labor training for high-tech agriculture are to develop and update the training programs, to build capacity for vocational teachers, to strengthen social communication, to promote coordination among stakeholders, and to mobilize resources on high-tech agriculture training.
Results of Policy Implementation Supporting the Development of Agricultural Cooperativesin Hanoi City in the Period 2012-2021

Nguyen Tien Phong, Nguyen Phuong Le, Pham Bao Duong

Received: 04-05-2022 / Accepted: 15-08-2022
The aims of the present paper were to evaluate the results of the policy implementation in supporting the development of agricultural cooperatives, point out the shortcomings in policy implementation, and, finally,to propose some solutions to improve supporting policies for agricultural cooperatives in Hanoi city. Secondary data were collected from reports of Cooperative Alliance and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. In addition, information collected from 90 agricultural cooperatives has been used to show the beneficiaries' assessment of the supporting policies. The research showed that while the preferential policies for credit, technology transfer, trade promotion and support for the establishment of new cooperatives played significant supporting roles, the other policies such as land allocation/land lease, infrastructure construction and product processing have not shown positive impacts on agricultural cooperative development. The crucial solutions that should be implemented include completing support mechanisms and policies, propagating for raising awareness about the role of agricultural cooperatives and supporting cooperatives in digital transformation.
Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Fisheries Management in Vietnam: An Initial Assessment from Fisheries Management Aspects

To Van Phuong
The Covid-19 pandemic with its complicated and unpredictable occurrence negatively affects socio-economic aspects, including fisheries sector. The present paper reports the initial assessment about the impacts of Covid-19 on Vietnam’s fisheries management activities. The secondary data were collected through online survey and discusions with fisheries managerial staffs from Provincial Departments of Fisheries. Above 77.4% of respondents were unanimously in answering that the Covid-19 pandemic had a heavy effect on fisheries management activities. Fishermen supported services, seafood processing plants and exporting were affected seriously with 48.4%, 74.2% and 71%, respectively. The frequency of fishing vessels’ arrivals and departures in ports decreased by 10-30% compared with previous years. Several technical workshops and training courses for fishermen were postponed, cancelled or shifted to next year because of social distancing, lockdown and movement and gathering restrictions in order to cope with Covid-19 pandemic.
Current Situation and Solutions for High-tech Agriculture Development in Ho Chi Minh City

To Thi Thuy Trang, Tran Van Duc, Nguyen Thanh Cong

Received: 23-07-2021 / Accepted: 07-10-2021
The purpose of this study is to assess the current situation and propose solutions for developing high-tech agriculture in Ho Chi Minh city. The data compiled from reports of the Department of Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh city and survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and synthetic, comparative and inductive methods. The research results showed that high-tech agricultural production of Ho Chi Minh city has achieved high efficiency in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. The production value accounted for 59.3% of the city’s total agricultural production value and the average growth rate reached 123.12%/year in the 2010-2020 period. High-tech agricultural production (vegetables, orchids, pigs, dairy cows, shrimp, ornamental fish) of households achieved high economic efficiency, output increment, income improvement, reduction of damage rate, produce traceability, consumption market stability and close linkage with traders. The solutions for planning, developing production forms, promoting technical application, attracting investment, developing joint production, preprocessing/processing and product consumption were recommended for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ho Chi Minh city.
Impacts of some Factors on Land Fund Development for Infrastructure Construction and Urban Development in Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province

Tran Van Khai, Tran Trong Phuong, Nguyen ThiNgoc Lanh

Received: 24-09-2020 / Accepted: 28-10-2020
The land fund development plays a very important role in creating a clean land fund for projects on building technical andsocio-economic infrastructure. This study is conducted to assess the current situation and determine the impact of some factors on the development of land funds for infrastructure construction and urban development in Pleiku city. The methods used in research are investigation, establishment of scales, data processing, determining correlations. The results indicate that the six factors have had a very high positive correlation with 6factors included the investment attracting policies, land prices, land finance, land use planning, location of land, land area, and the role of village elders. The 12 factors positively correlated with land fund development included land allocation and land lease policies, policies on land recovery, site clearance compensation, resettlement, infrastructure construction policies, funds from the State budget, funds borrowed from credit institutions, master planning of social-economic development, master planning of urban development, urban embellishment, transportation infrastructure, the role of wards and communes’ leaders, the role of communication and information, and the role of social organizations. Capital contribution by land-use rights, sectoral planning, urban development policies, electricity and water supply are 4 factors with a moderate positive correlation. Only factors involved in monitoring and managing the project implementation process have shown a low positive correlation. Based on the results, some solutions to enhance landfund development for infrastructure construction and urban development in Pleiku city have been proposed, which deal with mechanism and policy, finance and land price, planning and infrastructure construction, and enhancing the role of the community.
Orientationof Planning for the Applied Hi-Tech Agricultural Zonesin Luong Tai District, Bac Ninh Province

Do Van Nha, Nguyen Tho Hoang, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Khac Viet Ba, Nguyen Van Thao

Received: 08-04-2020 / Accepted: 27-06-2020
Developing applied high-tech agriculture is the indispensable trend in the current period. However, the orientations of planning for the applied high-tech agricultural zones are different in each locality and specific development period. The objective of this study was to plan the applied high-tech agricultural zones in line with land potential, creating the space for enterprises and farmers to invest in the agricultural sector in Luong Tai District. Various methods were used in this study such as land evaluation method, data investigation and processing method etc. The results showed that the rice crop was the main crop with 9186 ha, after that vegetable crops with roughly 2646 ha, then other crops. The results of land evaluation indicated that 52 land mapping units were created by overlapping 6 thematic maps. The land suitability shows that the rice, vegetable crops had a high level of suitability at S1 and S2.Based on the results of land evaluation, the needs and the abilities of Luong Tai district, 145 agricultural zones with 1022 ha should be planed for the applied high-tech agricultural zones in the district in coming time of 2030.
Hydrostatic Power Split Transmission Test Band for Agricultural Tractor

Pham Duy Suy, Han Trung Dung, Minh Hoang, Bui Hai Trieu

Received: 20-03-2020 / Accepted: 12-05-2020
Due to the advantages of continuously variable transmission and high efficiency, hydrostatic power-split transmission (HPST) shows the applicability on the agricultural tractor. This is also shown in some theoretical research results. However, practical tests are needed to evaluate the power-split transmission configuration for the operating principle and dynamics properties for the next design goal. This article introduces the experimental model (test band) of a HPST built at the Department of Dynamics, Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The test band consists of a drive motor, a HPST, load generator and modern data processing and measuring equipment. The model can be used to reproduce the operating principle and to study the static and dynamic properties of the HPST, as the basis for control strategies in working conditions of agricultural tractors.
Current Status and Solutions for Development of Medicinal Plants in the Central Highlands

Ninh Thi Phip, Nguyen Ba Hoat, Tran Duc Vien, Nguyen Duc Huy, Tran Van Quang, Bui The Khuynh, Vu Quynh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Bui Ngoc Tan, Vu Thanh Hai, Nguyen Duc Khanh, Le Huynh Thanh Phuong

Received: 27-02-2019 / Accepted: 03-09-2019
Medicinal plants are starting to be cultivated in the Central Highlands. In order to develop value chains of medicinal plants in the Central Highlands, it is necessary to investigate and assess the current situation. The PRA, key person interview and expert methods were used to collect data. Two districts in each province and 2 communes in each district were surveyed. The results showed that in order to develop medicinal herbs in a sustainable manner, it is necessary to conduct researches on varieties, planting area planning, appropriate farming techniques, preprocessing, processing and preservation of commodity products and adopt policies to encourage farmers and enterprises to join the medicinal value chain. The indigenous medicinal plants thantcan be developed in the Central Highlands include Vietnamese Ginseng (Panax vietnamensisHa et Grushv), Dang sam (Codonopsis javanica(Blume) Hook. f. & Thoms), Ngu vi tu (Schisandra sphenanthera) and Giao co lam (Gynostemma pentaphyllum). In addition, it is recommended to establish areas for the temperate medicinal herbs such as artichoke (Cynara scolymusL.) and (Angelica acutiloa Kitagawa), at the same time, expanding the area for intercropping like turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) amd Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRosc). In the central area of the Central Highlands, it is necessary to develop valuable commodity crops such as Crinum latifoliumL. and Ocimum gratissimumL. and testting new medicinal plants such as Polyscias fruticosaHarms) and Plukenetia volubilisL.
Value Chain Analysis for Skipjack Tuna Captured in the South Central Region of Vietnam

Cao Le Quyen, Nguyen Tien Hung, Trinh Quang Tu, Phan Phuong Thanh, Cao Tat Dat

Received: 19-06-2018 / Accepted: 11-12-2018
This study was conducted to analyze the economic efficiency of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) value chain capturedin south central regionand to propose solutions for upgrading the chain. Data collected through interviews with 175 actors involved in the skipjack tuna value chain in 2017were used forchain economic analysis. Results showed thatthe profit distributionsper kg and ofthe total volume of raw skipjack tuna(about 83,000 tonnes/year) between the respective chain actorswere63.4 and 74.2% for fishermen, 4.9 and 5.6% for middlemen; and 31.1% and 20.18% for processing enterprises, respectively. However, if calculated on a chain actorbasis, the average profit distribution per fisher wasverylow, as this actorgroup mainly organized themselvesinsmall-scale productionat householdlevel(about 2,000 fishing households),leadingto low production efficiencyand lack or limited capacity to link with other actors in the chain. The solutions to improve the value chain of skipjacktunain the direction of efficiency and sustainabilityinclude: promotingchain linkages to increase the scale of production and improve the quality of raw materials; product diversification and branding; and developing policies to support the development of the chain (credit, insurance, risk sharing).

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