Vol. 22 No. 7 (2024)

The present studyaimed to evaluate the performance of agricultural extension activities of the Agricultural Extension Station and Cooperatives in Long Xan District and to recommend solutions to improve the performance of the Station's agricultural extension activities. Secondary data combined with primary data were collected from 100 farm households by random sampling method. The results show that the Station's agricultural extension activities had motivated farmers to apply new techniques, contributing to productivity improvement, product quality and household income generation. However, the Station's agricultural extension activities were still limited such as: (1) Lack of information about markets and products in agricultural extension content; (2) Inappropriate training methods and locations; (3) Lack of funding to support the construction and scalling-up of demonstration models; (4) Human resources for agricultural extension are lacking in quantity and limited in quality; (5) Farmers have low educational levels affecting their application of transferred techniques. Solutions needed to be implemented to improve the performance of the Station's agricultural extension activities include supplementing the quantity and improving the quality of human resources, innovating agricultural extension activities, and mobilizing financial resources from all involving stakeholders.

This study was conducted to assess the current state of production and business activities of the garment firms in Nam Dinh province. Using the dataset from a survey of garment firms in Nam Dinh province in 2021, along with descriptive statistical methods, comparative analysis, and the bivariate regression model, the research results show that Nam Dinh province had over 200 active garment firms, primarily limited liability companies and joint-stock companies with foreign investment. During the period from 2015-2021, key indicators reflecting the results and efficiency of production and business activities of garment firms in the province showed impressive growth with the quantity of products increasing by 8%/year and net revenue increasing by 13% per year. However, there were still a considerable number of firms with poor business performance and at risk of having to shut down production. The study analyzed the factors influencing the results and efficiency of production and business activities and proposed key measures to improve the performance and efficiency of garment firms in Nam Dinh province in the future.

Vegetable productin adopting VietGAP protocol are significant for sustainable development and provide safe food for consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the current situation and propose some solutions to strengthen the management of vegetable production adopting VietGAP in Dong Anh district, Hanoi city. Primary data were collected through interviews with 90 vegetable farming households adopting VietGAP process, leaders of vegetable production and trading cooperatives, and local officials. Results show that the public sector (District People's Committee and relevant departments) has fully implemented production management activities, and farmer households have adopted VietGAP practices, but there were still gaps in implementation. Difficulties and challenges for management of vegetable production adopting VietGAP were identified. Several solutions to strengthen management of vegetable production adoptingVietGAP in Dong Anh district were proposed accordingly.

This study was conducted to analyze the current situation and propose solutions to strengthen state management in utilizing small and medium irrigation systems in BaoYendistrict, Lao Cai province. Results of a survey of 45 irrigation project managers and 120 households showed that decentralizing the management of irrigation works according to scale has been done well. The district People's Committee and the exploitation company had good cooperation in planning for the operation of irrigation works. The irrigatioon works have also been repaired and maintained to ensure safety in flood season and stabilize irrigation water, contributing to fulfilling new rural construction criteria on irrigation. However, there was still overlap between state management agencies and the irrigation companies in the exploitation and use of irrigation workswithlimitedstate bugget. The irrigation works were degraded due to improper operation, long-standing, and poor construction quality. The research proposes some solutions to improve management decentralization and mobilize integrated capital from National Target Programs and strengthen inspection and supervision to promptly detect violations in the use of irrigation works.

Songkhon district in Savanakhet province has many advantages in cassava cultivation. However, the development of cassava production in the area is facing with many challenges and difficulties, thus the yield and production remain low. The research was conducted to propose solutions to enhance the development of cassava production in Songkhon district, Savanakhet. The primary data and secondary data on the current state of cassava production development in this district were collected. The research methods used in study included descriptive and comparative sttistics, Likert scale analysis, and SWOT analysis to reflect the current state of production development. The study pointed out that the development of cassava production increased 0.23% area under cultivation and 1.34% increase in productivity in the period of time 2020-2022. The disadvantages of cassava production development in the district include policies, planning, public investment, communication, and agricultural extension. The proposed solution groups for cassava production development include dissemination, completion of related policies and strengthening investment in cassava production development, enhancing agricultural extension activities, planning and promoting the construction of infrastructure and communication facilities for cassava production development,expanding the consumption market, and promoting the export of cassava products to the international market.

Migrant labor of ethnic minorities in Vietnam has become a common phenomenon in recent years.. This study focused on researching the issues of migrant workers in the informal sector in the construction sector in Hanoi. Using a qualitative, participatory analysis method, the findings of this study show that the migration motivation of ethnic minority groups was mainly job opportunities and income. The freelance ethnic migrant workers in the construction sector faced difficult working conditions, minimal living conditions, various risks without protection, and challenges in integrating their life in Hanoi.

The enterprise income tax plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of Bao Thang district. However, enterprise income tax management is grappling with several challenges, including the following: ineffective promotional campaigns, a high rate of tax finalization dossiers containing underreporting or incorrect declarations aimed at reducing or evading enterprise income tax, a concerning increase in the number of non-compliant enterprises, and a rising amount of outstanding enterprise income tax arrears. This study aimed to assess the status of managing small and medium-sized enterprise income tax, analyze influencing factors, and propose solutions to enhance the management of corporate income tax in Bao Thang district. The research involved a survey of 30 officials and leaders from the Tax Department and 60 small and medium-sized enterprises. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. The results indicate that from 2020 to 2022, outreach and support activities for taxpayers have improved, featuring diverse and practical content. Debt management for the corporate income tax was accurate and flexible, providing favorable conditions for business operations. Tax inspections were conducted timely and effectively, simultaneously identifying and addressing violations without encountering complaints or accusations related to corporate income tax. Proposed solutions include strengthening outreach efforts, refining tax registration and declaration processes, improving debt management practices, conducting thorough business inspections, and enhancing the professional competence of the tax officer team.

Developing circular agriculture is an inevitable trend in the context that agricultural sector is facing with numerous challenges. However, the system of policies related to circular agriculture in Vietnam is still incomplete and dispersed across various documents. The guidance and standards for circular agriculture are not clearly defined, making implementation difficult. This paper employs a Narrative literature review method and in-depth interviews with central management officials, local management officials, and economic organizations in 11 provinces representing different ecological regions. The objective of the paper is to synthesize and analyze Vietnam's policy documents related to circular agriculture based on evaluations from stakeholders. Proposed solutions include improving the legal framework and standardizing circular agriculture, formulating policies to support and encourage investment in circular agriculture; disseminating and enhancing awarenessmong management officials and production facilities about circular agriculture policies.

The research was conducted in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province to assess consumer awareness of low-quality chemical fertilizers. The information was collected through group discussion, in-depth interviews with stakeholders in fertilizer management and business, as well as a survey with a questionnaire administered to 90 consumers across 3 communes with large agricultural areas in the district. The results showed that consumers faced the most difficulty in recognizing the visual characteristics of low-quality fertilizer packaging. Regarding the harmful effects of low-quality fertilizers, most people could relatively recognize them, but the awareness of how to handle low-quality fertilizers was limited. Some challenges to consumer awareness include the sophistication in the strategy of producing low quality fertilizers, the sources of information available to consumers, and consumer characteristics. The study proposes several solutions to enhance consumer awareness of low-quality fertilizers, focusing on solutions for consumers, solutions for the district authority, and solutions for reputable fertilizer suppliers.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many losses in terms of employment, income, health and spirit to labors, especially immigrant workers - a group that has suffered a lot from the pandemic in the Bac Ninh city. Immigrant workers are facing the decision of whether to continue to stay or leave Bac Ninh city. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on immigrant workers and measure factors affecting their attachment to Bac Ninh city after the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic through taking the survey of 250 immigrant lworkers and using Probit regression analysis. Research results show that household registration, length of time living in the immigration area, changes in ejobs and income are the most important factors affecting immigrant lworkers' decision to stick with Bac Ninh city.

The study was conducted to evaluate the current status of agritourism development in Thach That district, Hanoi City. Primary data were collected from 150 tourists, 100 local farmer households, 05 tourism management officers at district and commune levels and 03 tourism experts. The research results indicate that agricultural tourism was developing fragmentarily and facing with many difficulties in land mechanisms, monotony of tourism products, lack of connection with travel agencies, lack of tourism technical facilities and human resources for agritourism. To promote the development of agritourism, Thach That district needs to have specific mechanisms and policies on land, raising awareness and tourism skills for the community, diversify and improve the quality of products, and strengthen promotion and advertising for agritourism.

The study analyzedlivelihood capital sources, livelihood activities and livelihood outcomes of households in the buffer zone of Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh, thenprovidedsome suggestions to improve their livelihoods and income. The research conducted interviews with 30 households whose livelihoods entirely depend on mangrove forest, 60 households whose livelihoods partly depend and 30 households whose livelihoods are not dependent on the National Park's mangrove forests in Giao An, Giao Thien, Giao Xuan communes and in-depth interviews with 14 managers of relevant agencies and units. The results showed that the sources of livelihood assests of people in the buffer zone were relatively complete. The main livelihood activities were agricultural production, aquaculture and exploitation of aquatic products, trade and service business with 100% of households participating in agricultural production and over 88% of households in aquaculture. The lowest average household income in group was VND 85.19 million/year and the group 3 had the highest of VND 96.91 million. In order to increase outcome for households in the buffer zone, it is necessary to increase and effectively use livelihood capital sources, improve traditional livelihood activities and expand effective livelihood activities.

Agricultural cooperatives are one of the targeted subjects for the digital transformation strategy in agriculture and rural areas. Realities show that digital transformation in agricultural cooperatives is still very limited due to both objective and subjective reasons. The article aimed to provide an overview on current situation and trends of digital transformation in agricultural cooperatives in the world and Vietnam's orientation, evaluating factors affecting the digital transformation process of agricultural cooperatives. This is the basis for discussing a number of policy implications to promote effective and synchronous digital transformation, including solutions fordeveloping digitalinfrastructure and technology, trainingand building human capacities, increasing access to credit and completingpolicy mechanisms.