Received: 27-08-2020 / Accepted: 22-10-2020
Research on physiological and biochemical metabolism in the growth and development of fruit was carried out to determine the time of physiological maturity as the scientific basis for better harvesting and preservation of fruit. Using biochemical analysis methodswere used to determine the content of pigments, reducing sugars, starch, total organic acids, vitamin C, protein and lipids according to the growth and development of longan fruit from until fruit ripening. Results showed that the longan reached a maximum size at 16 weeks of age, at this time the peel of the fruit was light yellow due to the decrease in chlorophyll and increased carotenoid content. Starch content and total organic acid content reached a maximum at 12 weeks of age, then gradually decreased. Reduced sugar and vitamin C content gradually enhanced to 16 weeks of age and then decreased slightly. Protein content decreased gradually from fruit formation until fruit ripening, lipid content increased gradually to 15 weeks of age and then dropped. Through the research process, we determined that the physiological ripe time of longan fruit was 16 weeks old, this was the time when the fruit stopped growing and accumulated most nutrients.