Các Oligosaccharide từ Sữa Người: Cấu trúc Hóa học, Vai Trò và Sinh Tổng hợp Chúng Bằng Enzyme

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Nguyen, H., Nguyen, T.-H., & Haltrich, D. (2024). Các Oligosaccharide từ Sữa Người: Cấu trúc Hóa học, Vai Trò và Sinh Tổng hợp Chúng Bằng Enzyme. Tạp Chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 10(5), 693–706. http://testtapchi.vnua.edu.vn/index.php/vjasvn/article/view/1691

Các Oligosaccharide từ Sữa Người: Cấu trúc Hóa học, Vai Trò và Sinh Tổng hợp Chúng Bằng Enzyme

Hoang Anh Nguyen (*) 1 , Thu-Ha Nguyen 2 , Dietmar Haltrich 2

  • 1 Department of Biochemistry and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of food science and Technology, Hanoi University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 2 Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
  • Từ khóa

    Các oligosaccharide trong sữa người (HMOs), lactose, N-acetylglucosamine, probiotic

    Tóm tắt


    Sữa người được coilà nguồn dinh dưỡng tốt nhất cho con ngườiở giai đoạn mấy tháng đầu đời. Thành phần quyết định đến vai trò quan trọng này của sữa người mà không có ở sữa sản xuất nhân tạo là các oligosaccharide (HMOs). Hàm lượng HMOs chiếm thứ ba trong sữa người chỉ đứng sau lactose và chất béo, trung bình khoảng 15g/lít sữa. Đến nay, khoảng 200 HMOs đã được tinh sạch và xác định cấu trúc. Cấu trúc cơ bản của HMOs bao gồm lõi lactose ở đầu khử và được kéo dài bởi fucose, N-acetylglucosamine và axit sialic. HMOs được coi là nhân tố quan trọng nhất cho sự phát triển của vi khuẩn đường ruột có lợi, có rất nhiều trong hệ thống tiêu hóa dạ dày ruột của trẻ sơ sinh được nuôi bằng sữa mẹ, và HMOs là chất ức chế sự bám dính của các vi khuẩn độc lên bề mặt của tế bào biểu mô. Với vai trò quan trọng này của HMOs, việc tìm ra cấu trúc cũng như sinh tổng hợp HMOs bằng phương pháp enzyme để ứng dụng trong việc sản xuất thực phẩm cho trẻ sơ sinh và thuốc đang rất được quan tâm. Bài viếtnày sẽ tập trung tóm lược về cấu trúc và vai trò của HMOs, và quá trình tổng hợp một số HMOs phổ biến trong sữa người bằng phương pháp enzyme.

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