Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Multidimensional Perspective Inmanagement of Organic Waste, Animal Feed and Crop Fertilizer

Received: 18-10-2021

Accepted: 01-03-2022

DOI:

Views

0

Downloads

0

Section:

TỔNG QUAN

How to Cite:

Linh, L., & Nhien, N. (2024). Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Multidimensional Perspective Inmanagement of Organic Waste, Animal Feed and Crop Fertilizer. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(5), 695–707. http://testtapchi.vnua.edu.vn/index.php/vjasvn/article/view/1001

Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Multidimensional Perspective Inmanagement of Organic Waste, Animal Feed and Crop Fertilizer

Luu Thi Thuy Linh (*) 1 , Nguyen Thi Nhien 1

  • 1 Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam
  • Keywords

    Black soldier fly, organic waste management

    Abstract


    In the context of complicated developments of the Covid-19epidemic, Vietnam's livestock industry is suffering a lot from the sharp drop in output prices of products, while input materials increase, causing many difficultiesfor re-production. For sustainable stress reduction, insects or their larvae could be a promising alternative protein source. The results of synthesizing information and data from previous studies show that black soldier flylarvae have the ability to convert organic waste to create high-quality protein sources, control some harmful bacteria and insects, and provide healthy nutrients, providepotential chemical precursors to produce biodiesel and provide high-value nutrients for animal feed use. By desk researchmethod, a synthetic approachwasused in this review to provide an overview of the biology of the black soldier fly, its role inenvironmentally friendly management of waste, its potential for fish, poultry and animal feed industries of Vietnamas well as liquid fertiliser for crop production.

    References

    Abduh M.Y., Jamilah M., PIstiandari P., Syaripudin & Manurung R. (2017). Bioconversion of rubber seeds to produce protein and oil-rich biomass using black soldier fly larva assisted by microbes. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 5(4): 591-597.

    AliM.F.Z., OhtaT., IdoA., MiuraC. &MiuraT. (2019). The Dipterose of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Induces Innate Immune Response through Toll-Like Receptor Pathway in Mouse Macrophage RAW. Section Natural and Bio-inspired Molecule. 9(11): 677. doi:10.3390/biom9110677.

    Alvarez L. (2012). The Role of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens(L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Sustainable Waste Management in Northern Climates. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 402. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd.

    Arango Gutiérrez G.P. (2005). Aportes nutricionales de la biomasa de Hermetia illucensL. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) en la cría de pollos de engorde. MSc thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

    Arango Gutiérrez G.P., Vergara Ruiz R.A. & Mejía Vélez H. (2004). Compositional, microbiological and protein digestibility analysis of the larva meal of Hermetia illucensL. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) at Angelópolis-Antioquia, colombia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín. 57: 2491-2500.

    Beskin K.V., Holcomb C.D., Cammack J.A., Crippen T.L., Knap A.H., Sweet S.T. &Tomberlin J.K. (2018). Larval digestion of different manure types by the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) impacts associated volatile emissions. Waste Management. 74(6): 213-220. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.019.

    Blahovec J., Kostecka Z. & Kocisova A. (2006). Peptidolytic enzymes in different larval stadium of houseflyMusca domestica. Veterinarni Medicina. 51(4): 139-144.doi:10.17221/5533.

    Bodri M.S. & Cole E.R. (2007). Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucensL.) as feed for the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensisDaudin). Georgia Journal of Science. 65(2): 82-88. https://digitalcommons.gaacademy.org/gjs/vol65/iss2/5.

    Bondari K. & Sheppard D.C. (1981). Soldier fly larvae as feed in commercial fish production. Aquaculture. 24(4): 103-109. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(81)90047-8.

    Bondari K. & Sheppard D.C. (1987). Soldier fly, Hermetia illucensL., larvae as feed for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), and blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner). Aquaculture Research. 18(2): 209-220. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1987.tb00141.x.

    Brookes V.J. & Fraenkel G. (1958). The nutrition of the larva of the housefly. Physiol. Zool. 31(5):208-223. doi:10.1086/physzool.31.3.30157842.

    Cochrane B.J. & Leblanc G.A. (1986). Genetics of xenobiotic metabolism inDrosophila I. Genetic and environmental factors affecting glutathione-S-transfer in larvae. Biochemical Pharmacology. 35(10): 1679-1684.doi:10.1016/0006-2952(86)90323-0.

    Cohen A.C. (2005). Insect Diets. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Broken Sound Parkway NW, USA.

    Cummins V.C., Rawles S.D., Thompson K.R., Velasquez A., Yuka Kobayashi Hager J. & Webster C.D. (2017). Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture. 473: 337-344. doi:10.1016/j.aquearch.2017.02.022.

    Chapman R.F. (2013). The insects: structure and function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

    Choi W.H., Yun J.H., Chu J.P. & Chu K.B. (2012). Antibacterial effect of extracts of Hermetia illucens(Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae against Gram-negative bacteria. Entomological Research. 42(5): 219–226. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5967.2012.00465.x

    De Marco M., Martínez S., Hernandez F., Madrid J., Gai F., Rotolo L., Belforti M., Bergero D., Katz H. & Dabbou S. (2015). Nutritional value of two insect larval meals (Tenebrio molitorand Hermetia illucens) for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 209: 211-218. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.006.

    De Smet J., Wynants E., Cos P. & Van Campenhout L. (2018). Microbial community dynamics during rearing of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) and impact on exploitation potential. Appl Environ Microbiol. 84(9): e02722-17. doi:10.1128/AEM.02722-17.

    Diener S., Zurbrügg C. & Tockner K. (2009). Conversion of organic material by black soldier fly larvae: establishing optimal feeding rates. Waste Management and Research. 27(6): 603-610. doi:10.1177/0734242x09103838.

    Dierenfeld E.S. & King J. (2009). Digestibility and mineral availability of phoenix worms (Hermetia illucens) ingested by mountain chicken frogs (Leptodactylus fallax). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery. 18(3): 100-105. doi:10.5818/1529-9651.18.3-4.100

    Douglas A.E. (2010). The Symbiotic Habit. Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey), USA.

    Elhag O., Zhou D., Song Q., Soomro A.A., Cai M., Zheng L., Yu Z. & Zhang J. (2017). Screening, expression, purification and functional characterization of novel antimicrobial peptide genes fromHermetia illucens(L). PLoS ONE. 12(1): e0169582. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169582.

    Engel P. & Moran N.A. (2013). The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 37(5): 699-735. doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12025.

    Espinoza-Fuentes F.P. & Terra W.R. (1987). Physiological adaptations for digesting bacteria - water fluxes and distribution of digestive enzymes inMusca domesticalarval midgut. Insect Biochemistry. 17(6): 809-817.doi:10.1016/0020-1790(87)90015-1.

    European Commission (2017). Regulatiomm (EU) 2017/893 of 24 May 2017 amending Annexes I and IV to Regulation(EC) No 999/20001 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Annexes X, XIV and XV to Commision Regulation(EU) No 142/2011 as regards the provisions on processed animal protein Retrieved from http://eurlex.europa.eu/leagalcontent/EN/ TXT/?uri =uriserv:OJ.L_.2017.138.01.0092.01.ENG&toc = OJ:L:2017:138:TOCon Sep 1, 2021.

    Fujita A.I. (2004). Lysozymes in insects: what role do they play in nitrogen metabolism? Physiol. Entomol. 29: 305-310. doi:10.1111/j.0307-6962.2004.00393.x.

    Furman D.P., Young R.D. & Catts E.P. (1959). Hermetia illucens(Linnaeus) as a factor in the natural control of Musca domesticaLinnaeus. Journal of Economic Entomology. 52(5):917-921. doi:10.1093/jee/52.5.917.

    Furrer T. (2011). Finding an adequate tilapia feed for rural fish farmers in Mombasa. BSc thesis, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.

    Fusetto R., Denecke S., Perry T., O’Hair R.A.J. & Batterham P. (2017). Partitioning the roles of CYP6G1 and gut microbes in the metabolism of the insecticide imidacloprid inDrosophila melanogaster. Scientific Reports. 7: 1-12.doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05699-x.

    Gold M., Tomberlin J.K., Diener S., Zurbrügg C. & Mathys A. (2018). Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: A review. Waste Management. 82: 302-318. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022.

    GreenT.R. &PopaR. (2012).Enhancedammoniacontentincompostleachateprocessedbyblacksoldierflylarvae.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 166: 1381-1387. doi:10.1007/s12010-011-9530-6.

    Hale O.M. (1973). Dried Hermetia illucenslarvae (Stratiomyidae) as a feed additive for poultry. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society. 8: 16-20.

    Kim W., Bae S., Kim A., Park K., Lee S., Choi Y., Han S., Park Y. & Koh Y. (2011b). Characterization of the molecular features and expression patterns of two serine proteases inHermetia illucens(Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. BMB Reports. 44: 387-392. doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2011.44.6.387.

    Kim W., Bae S., Kim A., Park K., Lee S., Choi Y., Han S., Park Y. & Koh Y. (2011). Characterization of the molecular features and expression patterns of two serine proteases in Hermetia illucens(Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. BMB Reports.44(6): 387-392.doi:10.5483/BMBRep.2011.44.6.387.

    Kroeckel S., Harjes A.G.E., Roth I., Katz H., Wuertz S., Susenbeth A. & Schulz C. (2012). When a turbot catches a fly: evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as fish meal substitute - Growth performance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management. 364-365: 345-352. doi:10.1016/j.aquearch.2012.08.041.

    Lalander C.H., Fidjeland J., Diener S., Eriksson S. & Vinneras B. (2015). High waste-to-biomass conversion and efficient Salmonellaspp. Reduction using black soldier fly for waste recycling. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 35(1): 261-271.doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0235-4.

    Lam K., Geisreiter C. & Gries G. (2009a). Ovipositing female house flies provision offspring larvae with bacterial food. Entomologia Experiata Applyata. 133: 292-295.doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00928.x.

    Larouche J. (2019). Processing methods for the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae: From feed withdrawal periods to killing methods. Université Laval. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37923.

    Lemaitre B. & Miguel-Aliaga I. (2013). The digestive tract ofDrosophila melanogaster. Annu. Review Genetics. 47: 377-404.doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133343.

    Lemos F.J.A. & Terra R.W. (1991b). Digestion of bacteria and the role of midut lysozyme in some insect larvae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. - B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 100(2): 265-268. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(91)90372-k.

    Lerch K., Linde H.J., Lehn N. & Grifka J. (2003). Bacteria ingestion by blowfly larvae: an in vitro study. Dermatology. 207: 362-366. doi:10.1159/000074115.

    Li C.J. (2014). Conversion of spent grains and DDGS by black soldier flies. MSc thesis, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

    Li Q., Zheng L., Cai H., Garza E., Yu Z. & Zhou S. (2011a). From organic waste to biodiesel: black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, makes it feasible. Fuel. 90(4): 1545-1548. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.11.016.

    Li Q., Zheng L., Hou Y., Yang S. & Yu Z. (2011b). Insect fat, a promising resource for biodiesel. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology. S2: 001. doi:10.4172/2157-7463.S2-001.

    Li Q., Zheng L., Qiu N., Cai H., Tomberlin J.K. & Yu Z. (2011). Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)for biodiesel and sugar production. Waste Management. 31: 1316-1320.doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.005.

    Li W., Li Q., Zheng L., Wang Y., Zhang J., Yu Z. & Zhang Y. (2015). Potential biodiesel and biogas production from corncob by anaerobic fermentation and black soldier fly. Bioresource Technology. 194: 276-282.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.112.

    Luther S. (1951). The Housefly. Its Natural History, Medical Importance, and Control. Comstock Publiishing Company, New York, USA.

    Manzano-Agugliaro F., Sanchez-Muros M., Barroso F., MartínezSánchez A., Rojo S. & Pérez-Bañón C. (2012). Insects for biodiesel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16(6): 3744-3753. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.017.

    Newton G.L., Booram C.V., Barker R.W. & Hale O.M. (1977). Dried Hermetia illucenslarvae meal as a supplement for swine. Journal of Animal Science. 44(3): 395-400. doi:10.2527/jas1977.443395x.

    Nguyen T.T., Tomberlin J.K. & Vanlaerhoven S. (2015). Ability of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae to recycle food waste. Environmental Entomology. 44(2): 406-410. doi:10.1093/ee/nvv002.

    Nguyễn Mai (2019). Nhân rộng mô hình nuôi ruồi lính đen Truy cập từ https://hanoimoi.com.vn/tin-tuc/Nong-nghiep/928519/-nhan-rong-mo-hinh-nuoi-ruoi-linh-denngày 06/03/2019

    Oonincx D.G.A.B., Van Broekhoven S., Van Huis A. & Van Loon J.J.A. (2015b). Feed conversion, survival and development, and composition of four insect species on diets composed of food by-products. PLoS One. 10(12): e0144601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144601.

    Oonincx D.G.A.B., Van Huis A. & Van Loon J.J.A. (2015a). Nutrient utilisation by black soldier flies fed with chicken, pig, or cow manure. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 1(2): 131-139. doi:10.3920/JIFF2014.0023.

    Sealey W.M., Gaylord T.G., Barrows F.T., Tomberlin J.K., McGuire M.A., Ross C. & St-Hilaire S. (2011). Sensory analysis of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed enriched black soldier fly prepupae, Hermetia illucens. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 42: 34-45. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00441.x.

    Sheppard D.C., Newton G.L. & Burtle G. (2008). Black soldier fly prepupae a compelling alternative to fish meal and fish oil. Public comment prepared in response to a request by the National Marine Fisheries Service Nov. 15, 2007, NOAA 15/11//2007-29/2/2008.

    Sheppard D.C., Newton G.L., Thompson S.A. & Savage S. (1994). A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly. Bioresource Technology. 50(3): 275-279. doi:10.1016/0960-8524(94)90102-3.

    St-Hilaire S., Cranfill K., Mcguire M.A., Mosley E.E., Tomberlin J.K., Newton L., Sealey W., Sheppard C. & Irving S. (2007a). Fish offal recycling by the black soldier fly produces a food stuff high in omega-3 fatty acids. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 38(2): 309-313. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00101.x.

    St-Hilaire S., Sheppard C., Tomberlin J.K., Irving S., Newton L., McGuire M.A., Mosley E.E., Hardy R.W. & Sealey W. (2007b). Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 38(1): 59-67. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00073.x.

    Tiu L. (2012). Enhancing sustainability of freshwater prawn production in Ohio. Ohio State University South Centers Newsletter. Fall. 11(4): 4.

    Tomberlin J.K., Adler P.H. & Myers H.M. (2009). Development of the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in relation to temperature.Environmental Entomology.38(3): 930-934. doi:10.1603/022.038.0347.

    Tomberlin J.K., Sheppard D.C. & Joyce J.A. (2002). Selected lifehistory traits of black soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on three artificial diets. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 95(3): 379-386.doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0379:SLHTOB]2.0.CO;2.

    Trần Tấn Việt, Nguyễn Hữu Trúc và Đỗ Nguyễn Hương Thảo (2005). Nghiêncứu đặc điểm hình thái, sinh học và hành vi của ruồi Lính đen Hermetia illucens. Trường Đại học Nông Lâm thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.

    Zhang J., Zheng L., Jin P., Zhang D. & Yu Z. (2014a). Fishmeal substituted by production of chicken manure conversion with microorganisms and black soldier fly. In: Abstract book of the international conference ‘Insects to feed the world’, 14-17 May 2014, Ede, the Netherlands. pp. 14-17.

    Zhang J., Zheng L., Jin P., Zhang D. & Yu Z. (2014b). Kitchen waste converted by black soldier fly and partly substituting soymeal in chicken feed. In: Abstract book of the international conference ‘Insects to feed the world’, 14-17 May 2014, Ede, the Netherlands. pp. 14-17.

    Zhang J.B., Huang L., He J., Tomberlin J.K., Li J.H., Lei C.L., Sun M., Liu Z.D. & Yu Z.N. (2010). An artificial light source influences mating and oviposition of black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens. Journal of Insect Science. 10(1): 202. doi:10.1673/031.010.20201.

    Zhang Z., Wang H., Zhu J., Suneethi S. & Zheng J. (2012). Swine manure vermicomposting via housefly larvae(Musca domestica):the dynamics of biochemical and microbial features. Bioresource Technology. 118: 563-571. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.048.