Biological Characteristics, Nutritive Value, Harvesting and Processing Methods of some Earthworm Species Used as Animal Feed

Received: 21-08-2020

Accepted: 23-04-2021

DOI:

Views

5

Downloads

2

Section:

TỔNG QUAN

How to Cite:

Hanh, H., Nhung, D., Xuan, N., & Ton, V. (2024). Biological Characteristics, Nutritive Value, Harvesting and Processing Methods of some Earthworm Species Used as Animal Feed. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19(5), 705–715. http://testtapchi.vnua.edu.vn/index.php/vjasvn/article/view/833

Biological Characteristics, Nutritive Value, Harvesting and Processing Methods of some Earthworm Species Used as Animal Feed

Han Quang Hanh (*) 1 , Dang Thuy Nhung 1 , Nguyen Thi Xuan 1 , Vu Dinh Ton 1

  • 1 Khoa Chăn nuôi, Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam
  • Keywords

    Earthworm processing, vermiculture, worm biomass, protein - rich feed

    Abstract


    Vermiculture and earthworm use as animal feed have been globally developed; however, in Vietnam, vermiculture has been spontaneously developed and not yet become a commercial industry. The objective of this paper is to highlight and evaluate the biological characteristics, nutritive values, harvesting and processing methods of some earthworm species and their use in animal feed. Currently, three main earthworm species popularly cultured in Vietnam are Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavatus), of which Eudrilus eugeniae is the most important species in producing protein biomass. Earthworms are nutrient-rich feed (51.62-69.8 % crude protein, 5.8-12.0% crude fat in dry matter) with sufficient amino acid composition and vitamins. Among the various methods of earthworm processing, drying and hydrolysis are the most appropriate and popular. We should minimize the risks of heavy metal residue, microbial and parasitic contamination, and utilize at a proportion below the recommended doses (15% in chicken diet and 25-30% in fish diet). Further studies should focus on improving the processing methods to produce a safe and feasible source of animal feed with acceptable production costs.

    References

    Arroyo M.d.M.D., Hornedo R.M.d.I., Peralta F.A., Almestre C.R. & Sánchez J.V.M. (2014). Heavy metals concentration in soil, plant, earthworm and leachate from poultry manure applied to agricultural land. Revista Internacional De Contaminacion Ambiental. 30: 43-50.

    Bou-Maroun E., Loupiac C., Loison A.l., Rollin B., Cayot P., Cayot N., Marquez E. & Medina A.L. (2013). Impact of Preparation Process on the Protein Structure and on the Volatile Compounds inEisenia foetidaProtein Powders. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 4(11): 9.

    Bouché M.B. (1977). Strategies lombriciennes. Ecological Bulletins. 25: 122-132.

    Byambas P., Hornick J.R., Marlier D. & Francis F. (2019). Vermiculture in animal farming: A review on the biological and nonbiological risks related to earthworms in animal feed. Cogent Environmental Science. 5.

    Domínguez J.H.L. & Edwards C.A. (2011). Biology and Ecology of Earthworm Species Used for Vermicomposting, Taylor & Francis Group.

    Đặng Vũ Bình, Vũ Đình Tôn & Nguyễn Đình Linh (2008). Đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng của giun quế (Perionyx Excavatus) trên các nguồn thức ăn khác nhau). Tạp chí Khoa học và Phát triển. 6(4).

    Edwards C.A. (1985). Production of feed protein from animal waste by earthworms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 310: 299-307.

    Edwards C.A.&NormanQ.A. (2006). The science of vermiculture: The use of earthworms in organic waste management. The International Symposium-Workshop on Vermi-technologies for Developing Countries. MRA, G.-d. C.Los Banos, the Phillipines, Philippine Fisheries Association, Inc. pp. 1-30.

    European Commission(2003). Opinion of the scientific committee on animal nutrition on the use of zinc in feedstuffs. Health and Consumer Protection Directorate. Brussels, Belgium.

    Guerrero R. D. (1983). The culture and use of Perionyx excavatusas a protein resource in the Philippines. pp. 309-313.

    Gunya B., Muchenje V. & Masika P.J. (2019). The Potential of Eisenia foetidaas a Protein Source on the Growth Performance, Digestive Organs Size, Bone Strength and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 28(2): 374-382.

    Hallatt L., Viljoen S.A. & Reinecke A.J. (1992). Moisture requirements in the life cycle of Perionyx excavatus(Oligochaeta). Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 24(12): 1333-1340.

    Hán Quang Hạnh, Nguyễn Thị Xuân & Vũ Đình Tôn (2020). Đặc điểm sinh học và khả năng sản xuất của giun đất châu Phi (Eudrilus eugeniae) khi nuôi trên khay có bổ sung thức ăn tinh. Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam. 18(5): 323-331.

    Hilton J.W. (1983). Potential of freeze-dried worm meal as a replacement for fish meal in trout diet formulaions. Aquaculture. 32(3): 277-283.

    Kim H.J., Shin K.H., Cha C.J. & Hur H.G. (2004). Analysis of aerobic and culturable bacterial community structures in earthworn (Eisenia fetida) intestine. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry. 47(3): 137-142.

    Kobayashi H., Ohta N. & Umeda M. (2004). Biology of lysenin, a protein in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. International review of cytology. 236(Journal Article): 45.

    Lawrence R.D. & Millar H.R. (1945). Protein Content of Earthworms. Nature. 155(3939): 517-517.

    Medina A.L., Cova J.A., Vielma R.A., Pujic P., Carlos M.P. & Torres J.V. (2003). Immunological and chemical analysis of proteins from Eisenia foetidaearthworm. Food and Agricultural Immunology. 15(3-4): 255-263.

    Moraes M.J.d., Oliveira Filho D., Martins J.H. & Santos L.C. (2012). Electric signals for separation of earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae). Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental. 16: 1137-1142.

    Musyoka S.N., Liti D.M., Ogello E. & Waidbacher H. (2019). Utilization of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida(Savigny, 1826) as an alternative protein source in fish feeds processing: A review. Aquaculture Research. 50(9): 2301-2315.

    Ngoc T.N., Pucher J., Becker K. & Focken U. (2016). Earthworm powder as an alternative protein source in diets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture Research. 47(9): 2917-2927.

    Nguyễn Lân Hùng (2005). Hướng dẫn nuôi giun đất. Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội.

    Nguyễn Văn Bảy(2001). Nghiên cứu sản xuất và sử dụng trùn đất (loài Perionyx excavatus) làm thức ăn bổ sung cho gà để góp phần nâng cao hiệu quả nuôi gà thả vườn ở hộ nông dân. Luận văn tiến sĩ

    Parolini M., Ganzaroli A. & Bacenetti J. (2020). Earthworm as an alternative protein source in poultry and fish farming: Current applications and future perspectives. The Science of the total environment. p. 734.

    Reinecke A.J., Hayes J.P. & Cillier S.C.(1991). Protein quality of three different species of earthworms. South African Journal of Animal Science. 21(2): 99-103.

    Reinecke A.J., Viljoen S.A., Saayman R.J. (1992). The suitability of Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatusand Eisenia fetida(Oligochaeta) for vermicomposting in Southern Africa in terms of their temperature requirements. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 24(12): 1295-1307.

    Rodrigues M., Carlesso W.M., Kuhn D., Altmayer T., Martini M.C., Tamiosso C.D., Mallmann C.A., De Souza C.F.V., Ethur E.M. & Hoehne L. (2017). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the Eisenia andreiearthworm: Characterization and evaluation of its properties. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation 35(2): 110-119.

    Suthar S. (2008). Microbial and decomposition efficiencies of monoculture and polyculture vermireactors, based on epigeic and anecic earthworms. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24(8): 1471-1479.

    Taboga L. (1980). The nutritional value of earthworms for chickens. British Poultry Science. 21(5): 405-410.

    Vu Dinh Ton, Han Quang Hanh, Nguyen Dinh Linh & Nguyen Van Duy (2009). Use of redworms (Perionyx excavatus) to manage agricultural wastes and supply valuable feed for poultry. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 21(11).

    Vũ Đình Tôn & Hán Quang Hạnh (2010). Xác định mức sử dụng bột giun quế (Perionyx Excavatus) thích hợp trong khẩu phần ăn của gà broiler (Hồ x Lương Phượng) nuôi thả vườn. Tạp chí Khoa học và Phát triển. 8(6).

    Vũ Đình Tôn, Hán Quang Hạnh, Nguyễn Đình Linh & Đặng Vũ Bình (2009). Bổ sung giun quế (Perionyx Excavatus) cho gà thịt (Hồ Lương Phượng) từ 4-10 tuần tuổi. Tạp chí Khoa học và Phát triển. 7(2): 186-191.

    Zhenjun S., Xianchun L., Lihui S. & Chunyang S. (1997). Earthworm as a potential protein resource. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 36(2-4): 221-236.